產品介紹
都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)悠久。據《都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)縣志稿》(民(min)國)中食貨志記載(zai),畜(chu)(chu)牧產量(liang)(liang)調查(cha)表“本縣家(jia)畜(chu)(chu),大的(de)(de)如牛、馬(ma)、豬、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang);小的(de)(de)如雞(ji),惟山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)則(ze)兼養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已列(lie)入地(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)畜(chu)(chu)產,當(dang)地(di)少數民(min)族凡婚、喪、嫁、娶等都(dou)(dou)(dou)有殺羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)祭祀的(de)(de)風俗,飼養(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)歷(li)來(lai)就(jiu)是當(dang)地(di)群(qun)(qun)眾生活(huo)必須用品和(he)主要的(de)(de)經濟收(shou)入來(lai)源。都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)就(jiu)是在這樣的(de)(de)自然生態條件下和(he)當(dang)地(di)群(qun)(qun)眾長期選育而成(cheng)。 都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)板皮板質均(jun)勻,薄而輕韌,彈性好,纖維細致,是高級(ji)制(zhi)革原(yuan)料和(he)出口的(de)(de)暢(chang)銷(xiao)物資(zi);肉(rou)(rou)質嫩(nen)滑爽,肉(rou)(rou)泡清甜,營養(yang)(yang)豐富,全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)清燉羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包肝、燜羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蹄、鮮(xian)脆白(bai)切肚等60多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菜肴,成(cheng)為區內外賓館酒店的(de)(de)主菜,其中“美容長壽(shou)湯”苦而甘(gan)甜,長期飲用能延年(nian)益(yi)壽(shou),“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)扣(kou)”肥而不膩,“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)火鍋”令(ling)人回味(wei)無窮(qiong)。利(li)用優質山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為原(yuan)料,采用傳統的(de)(de)原(yuan)始方(fang)式熏臘燒烤制(zhi)成(cheng)臘羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou),風味(wei)特奇(qi),是送禮待客的(de)(de)綠色佳品。 1979年(nian),廣(guang)西(xi)區畜(chu)(chu)牧局組織開展(zhan)對(dui)都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行調查(cha)、測(ce)定(ding),1983年(nian)將都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入廣(guang)西(xi)地(di)方(fang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),載(zai)入《廣(guang)西(xi)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)禽(qin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》。都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)縣曾列(lie)為全(quan)國養(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基地(di)縣,2003年(nian)9月(yue)被中國品牌宣傳保護(hu)活(huo)動組委會授予“中國都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之鄉(xiang)”。 上級(ji)業(ye)務部門每年(nian)均(jun)劃撥專項(xiang)經費實施都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)方(fang)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育工(gong)(gong)作;2005年(nian)由(you)質量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)監督部門組織,編制(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)綜合標(biao)準——“DB451228/T01-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評定(ding)”,“DB451228/T02-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繁育技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規程”,“DB451228/T03-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)(yang)管理技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規程”,“DB451228/T04-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)防(fang)疫技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規程”,“DB451228/T05-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標(biao)識、運輸(shu)”等五個標(biao)準,并發布實施。2009年(nian),國家(jia)農業(ye)部下達資(zi)金150萬元興建(jian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang),經過精(jing)心組織實施,項(xiang)目建(jian)設(she)已于2010年(nian)4月(yue)建(jian)成(cheng)并交付使用,該保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)目前存欄山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)850只,有效帶動都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產業(ye)發展(zhan),2015年(nian)全(quan)縣山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)(yang)量(liang)(liang)達63.62萬只。
品質特性特征
(1)外貌特征 被毛:毛色多為(wei)黑色、麻色、黃色,也有(you)黑白花和(he)白色。腹(fu)下、四肢(zhi) 上部被毛和(he)公羊(yang)(yang)的(de)鬃、鬣毛較(jiao)粗長(chang)。 體形(xing):體型較(jiao)小(xiao),結(jie)(jie)構(gou)緊(jin)湊,體軀(qu)呈(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),體質健(jian)壯結(jie)(jie)實, 皮薄(bo)有(you)彈性(xing),結(jie)(jie)構(gou)勻稱(cheng);頭大小(xiao)適中,眼大有(you)神;有(you)角(jiao),角(jiao)向(xiang)后(hou)上方(fang)彎曲呈(cheng)(cheng)倒(dao)“八字”形(xing),其(qi)色澤為(wei)暗黑色和(he)玉色;耳豎立稍(shao)向(xiang)前傾; 鼻梁平(ping)(ping)直(zhi);腰背平(ping)(ping)直(zhi);肋骨開張,胸深與肢(zhi)長(chang)相(xiang)當;公母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)前胸及(ji)沿背線均有(you)長(chang)毛,母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)較(jiao)短,尾短小(xiao)上翹,公羊(yang)(yang)雄壯,母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)清秀。
(2)內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:都安山羊肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩而有彈性(xing),顏(yan)色鮮(xian)(xian)艷,結締組織(zhi)少,脂肪(fang)(fang)堅(jian)實、色白(bai),背部脂肪(fang)(fang)分布均勻。其味(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei),膻味(wei)小。 都安山羊肉(rou)含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)19.85%-21.95%,脂肪(fang)(fang)1.65%-1.83%,水份71.25%-78.75%,灰分1.16%-1.28%,氨基酸總(zong)量(liang)16.02%-17.70%,膳食纖維0.038%-0.042%,羊肉(rou)是(shi)低(di)能量(liang)高蛋白(bai)肉(rou)食品(pin),各種微量(liang)元(yuan)素含量(liang)高,膽固 醇(chun)低(di)。
產(chan)地分布
都安山羊中心產區(qu)分布在都安瑤族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)的地蘇(su)、保安、澄江、龍灣、菁盛、拉烈(lie)、三只(zhi)羊等鄉(xiang)(鎮(zhen))。其周圍的馬(ma)山縣(xian)(xian)、大(da)化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)、平果市(shi)、東蘭縣(xian)(xian)、巴馬(ma)縣(xian)(xian)忻城縣(xian)(xian)等石(shi)山地區(qu)也(ye)有(you)大(da)量分布,隆安縣(xian)(xian)、興賓縣(xian)(xian)、龍勝縣(xian)(xian)等以及(ji)其他平原丘陵地區(qu)均(jun)有(you)飼養。據2005 年底統計,總數達85 萬余(yu)只(zhi)。
產地環境
都安瑤族自治(zhi)縣(xian)位于廣西中西部,地(di)處云貴高原南緣(yuan),以石山(shan)丘陵為主(zhu)。東經107°29′~108°41′,北緯23°42′~24°35′之間。海拔170~1000m,境(jing)內石山(shan)疊嶂,洼(wa)地(di)密布屬典型的(de)喀斯特地(di)貌。
主(zhu)產(chan)區年平均氣溫(wen)18.2℃~21.7℃之間,相對濕度74%,無霜期347 d,年平均日照時數(shu)為1 297 h。降雨量1 737.9mm,雨量充沛,氣候溫(wen)和(he)濕潤,日照充足,無霜期長,屬(shu)于南(nan)亞熱帶季風氣候區北緣,四(si)季常青(qing),宜農宜牧。
都(dou)安縣境內(nei)主(zhu)要有紅水河、刁江、澄(cheng)江、拉仁河、板嶺河、地蘇(su)河、同(tong)更(geng)河等8 條河流。耕作(zuo)土(tu)類(lei):分(fen)為旱(han)作(zuo)土(tu)和水稻土(tu)。以石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)土(tu)為主(zhu)要土(tu)類(lei),遍布全縣溶巖石(shi)(shi)山。自(zi)然土(tu)類(lei)有:紅壤(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)、石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)巖土(tu)、紅色石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)土(tu)、紫色土(tu)、沖積土(tu)等。
全縣草場面積13.7 萬公(gong)頃,草場植(zhi)被主要(yao)(yao)以石山(shan)高中(zhong)禾草草叢(cong)和(he)(he)灌(guan)(guan)叢(cong)草叢(cong)為主。山(shan)上植(zhi)物(wu)種類(lei)繁多(duo),以藤類(lei)和(he)(he)灌(guan)(guan)木(mu)(mu)居優勢。藤類(lei)以金銀花(hua)、野山(shan)葡(pu)萄、千里光等為常見。禾本科以野古草、白毛、五節芒、馬唐(tang)、狗(gou)牙根(gen)等組(zu)成群落,山(shan)羊喜(xi)歡(huan)采食的喬(qiao)灌(guan)(guan)木(mu)(mu)達200 多(duo)種。農作物(wu)主要(yao)(yao)有玉米、水稻(dao)、旱芋、紅薯(shu)、豆類(lei)和(he)(he)蕎麥等。
品種歷史
都(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)羊(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)形成歷(li)史悠久。據《都(dou)安(an)(an)縣志稿》(民(min)國(guo))中食貨志記載,畜牧(mu)產量調查表“本縣家畜,大的(de)如牛、馬、豬(zhu)、羊(yang);小的(de)如雞……惟山(shan)地(di)(di)則兼(jian)養羊(yang)……”。山(shan)羊(yang)已列(lie)入地(di)(di)方的(de)畜產,當(dang)地(di)(di)少數民(min)族凡婚、喪、嫁、娶(qu)等都(dou)有殺羊(yang)祭祀的(de)風(feng)俗,飼養山(shan)羊(yang)歷(li)來(lai)就是當(dang)地(di)(di)群眾(zhong)生活必須用(yong)品(pin)和主要的(de)經濟收(shou)入來(lai)源。都(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)羊(yang)就是在這樣(yang)的(de)自然(ran)生態條件下和當(dang)地(di)(di)群眾(zhong)長(chang)期選育而成。