產品介紹
都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷(li)史悠久。據《都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)縣(xian)志稿》(民(min)國)中(zhong)食貨(huo)志記載,畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)調查表“本縣(xian)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu),大的(de)(de)(de)如牛、馬(ma)、豬、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang);小的(de)(de)(de)如雞,惟山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)則兼養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已列(lie)入地(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)畜(chu)(chu)產(chan),當地(di)少(shao)數民(min)族凡婚、喪、嫁(jia)、娶等都(dou)(dou)(dou)有殺羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)祭(ji)祀的(de)(de)(de)風俗,飼養山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)歷(li)來就是(shi)當地(di)群眾生活必須用(yong)品(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟收入來源(yuan)。都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)就是(shi)在這樣的(de)(de)(de)自然生態條(tiao)件下(xia)和(he)(he)當地(di)群眾長(chang)期選育(yu)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。 都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)皮板(ban)質(zhi)均勻,薄(bo)而(er)(er)輕韌,彈(dan)性好,纖維細致,是(shi)高級制革原(yuan)料(liao)和(he)(he)出口的(de)(de)(de)暢銷物資(zi);肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)嫩滑爽,肉(rou)(rou)泡清(qing)甜,營養豐富(fu),全羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可(ke)加工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)燉(dun)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包肝、燜羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蹄、鮮脆白切(qie)肚(du)等60多種(zhong)菜(cai)肴,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為區內外賓館酒店的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)菜(cai),其中(zhong)“美容長(chang)壽湯(tang)”苦而(er)(er)甘甜,長(chang)期飲用(yong)能延(yan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)益壽,“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)扣”肥而(er)(er)不膩,“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)火鍋”令人(ren)回味無窮(qiong)。利用(yong)優質(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為原(yuan)料(liao),采用(yong)傳統的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始方(fang)式熏臘(la)燒烤制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臘(la)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou),風味特奇(qi),是(shi)送禮待客的(de)(de)(de)綠色(se)佳品(pin)(pin)。 1979年(nian)(nian)(nian),廣(guang)西(xi)區畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)局組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)開展(zhan)對(dui)都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)調查、測定,1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)將都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入廣(guang)西(xi)地(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),載入《廣(guang)西(xi)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志》。都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)縣(xian)曾(ceng)列(lie)為全國養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)地(di)縣(xian),2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)被中(zhong)國品(pin)(pin)牌宣傳保護活動組(zu)(zu)委會授予“中(zhong)國都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之鄉”。 上級業務部門每年(nian)(nian)(nian)均劃撥專項經(jing)費實(shi)施都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)方(fang)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)保種(zhong)選育(yu)工作;2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)由質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)技(ji)(ji)術監(jian)督(du)部門組(zu)(zu)織(zhi),編制都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)綜合標準(zhun)——“DB451228/T01-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)及種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評定”,“DB451228/T02-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繁育(yu)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)程”,“DB451228/T03-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養管理技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)程”,“DB451228/T04-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)防疫(yi)技(ji)(ji)術規(gui)程”,“DB451228/T05-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標識、運輸”等五個標準(zhun),并發布實(shi)施。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian),國家(jia)農業部下(xia)達資(zi)金150萬元(yuan)興建(jian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保種(zhong)場,經(jing)過精(jing)心組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)實(shi)施,項目建(jian)設(she)已于2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)并交付使用(yong),該(gai)保種(zhong)場目前存欄山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)850只,有效帶動都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)業發展(zhan),2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養量(liang)(liang)達63.62萬只。
品質特性特征
(1)外貌(mao)特征 被(bei)毛(mao):毛(mao)色(se)(se)(se)多為(wei)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)、麻色(se)(se)(se)、黃色(se)(se)(se),也有(you)黑(hei)(hei)白花和(he)(he)白色(se)(se)(se)。腹(fu)下、四肢 上(shang)(shang)部(bu)被(bei)毛(mao)和(he)(he)公羊的鬃(zong)、鬣(lie)毛(mao)較粗長(chang)。 體(ti)形:體(ti)型較小(xiao),結構緊湊,體(ti)軀呈(cheng)長(chang)方(fang)形,體(ti)質健壯結實, 皮薄有(you)彈性,結構勻稱;頭大小(xiao)適中(zhong),眼(yan)大有(you)神(shen);有(you)角,角向(xiang)后上(shang)(shang)方(fang)彎曲呈(cheng)倒(dao)“八字”形,其色(se)(se)(se)澤為(wei)暗黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)和(he)(he)玉色(se)(se)(se);耳豎立稍向(xiang)前傾; 鼻梁(liang)平(ping)直;腰背平(ping)直;肋(lei)骨開張,胸(xiong)深與肢長(chang)相當;公母(mu)羊前胸(xiong)及(ji)沿背線(xian)均有(you)長(chang)毛(mao),母(mu)羊較短,尾短小(xiao)上(shang)(shang)翹,公羊雄壯,母(mu)羊清秀。
(2)內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:都安(an)(an)山(shan)羊肉質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩而有(you)彈性,顏色鮮(xian)艷(yan),結締組織少,脂肪堅實、色白,背部脂肪分(fen)布均勻(yun)。其味鮮(xian)美(mei),膻(shan)味小(xiao)。 都安(an)(an)山(shan)羊肉含蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)19.85%-21.95%,脂肪1.65%-1.83%,水份(fen)71.25%-78.75%,灰分(fen)1.16%-1.28%,氨(an)基酸總量16.02%-17.70%,膳(shan)食纖維0.038%-0.042%,羊肉是低能量高蛋白肉食品,各種微(wei)量元(yuan)素含量高,膽固 醇低。
產(chan)地分布
都(dou)安(an)山羊(yang)中心產區(qu)分布在都(dou)安(an)瑤族自治縣的地蘇(su)、保安(an)、澄江(jiang)、龍(long)灣、菁(jing)盛、拉烈、三只羊(yang)等鄉(鎮)。其(qi)周圍的馬山縣、大化(hua)縣、平果市、東(dong)蘭縣、巴馬縣忻城縣等石(shi)山地區(qu)也有(you)(you)大量分布,隆(long)安(an)縣、興(xing)賓縣、龍(long)勝縣等以及其(qi)他平原丘陵地區(qu)均(jun)有(you)(you)飼養。據2005 年底統計,總數達(da)85 萬(wan)余只。
產地環境
都安(an)瑤族(zu)自治縣(xian)位于廣(guang)西中西部,地處云貴高原南緣(yuan),以石山丘陵為主。東(dong)經107°29′~108°41′,北(bei)緯23°42′~24°35′之間。海拔170~1000m,境內石山疊嶂,洼地密布屬典(dian)型(xing)的(de)喀斯特(te)地貌。
主產區年平均氣溫(wen)18.2℃~21.7℃之間,相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)74%,無霜期(qi)347 d,年平均日(ri)照時數為1 297 h。降雨(yu)量(liang)1 737.9mm,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛,氣候溫(wen)和濕(shi)潤(run),日(ri)照充足,無霜期(qi)長,屬于南亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)風氣候區北緣,四季(ji)常青,宜農宜牧(mu)。
都安(an)縣(xian)境內主要有(you)紅(hong)水河、刁江(jiang)、澄江(jiang)、拉仁(ren)河、板嶺河、地蘇(su)河、同更河等8 條(tiao)河流。耕作土(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei):分為(wei)旱作土(tu)(tu)和水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)。以石灰土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主要土(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei),遍布全縣(xian)溶巖石山。自然土(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei)有(you):紅(hong)壤、黃壤、石灰巖土(tu)(tu)、紅(hong)色石灰土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、沖積土(tu)(tu)等。
全縣(xian)草場面積13.7 萬(wan)公(gong)頃,草場植(zhi)被主(zhu)要以(yi)石山(shan)高(gao)中禾(he)草草叢(cong)和(he)(he)灌叢(cong)草叢(cong)為主(zhu)。山(shan)上(shang)植(zhi)物種類繁多(duo),以(yi)藤類和(he)(he)灌木居優勢。藤類以(yi)金銀花(hua)、野山(shan)葡萄、千里(li)光等為常見。禾(he)本科(ke)以(yi)野古(gu)草、白(bai)毛、五(wu)節芒(mang)、馬唐、狗牙根等組成群落,山(shan)羊喜歡采食的喬灌木達200 多(duo)種。農作物主(zhu)要有玉米、水(shui)稻、旱芋、紅薯、豆類和(he)(he)蕎麥等。
品種歷史
都(dou)安(an)山羊(yang)品種形成歷史悠久。據《都(dou)安(an)縣志(zhi)稿》(民(min)國)中食貨志(zhi)記載,畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)產量調(diao)查表“本縣家畜(chu)(chu),大(da)的如牛、馬、豬(zhu)、羊(yang);小的如雞……惟山地則兼養羊(yang)……”。山羊(yang)已列入(ru)地方的畜(chu)(chu)產,當(dang)地少數民(min)族(zu)凡婚、喪(sang)、嫁、娶等都(dou)有殺羊(yang)祭祀的風(feng)俗,飼養山羊(yang)歷來就(jiu)是(shi)當(dang)地群眾(zhong)生(sheng)活(huo)必須用品和主要的經(jing)濟收入(ru)來源。都(dou)安(an)山羊(yang)就(jiu)是(shi)在這樣的自然生(sheng)態條件下和當(dang)地群眾(zhong)長期選育(yu)而成。