產品介紹
都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)歷史悠久(jiu)。據(ju)《都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)稿》(民國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo))中食貨志(zhi)記載,畜牧產(chan)(chan)量調查(cha)表“本縣(xian)家(jia)畜,大的(de)如牛、馬、豬(zhu)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang);小的(de)如雞,惟山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)則兼養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已列(lie)入地(di)(di)(di)方的(de)畜產(chan)(chan),當地(di)(di)(di)少數(shu)民族凡婚、喪、嫁(jia)、娶(qu)等都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)有殺羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)祭祀的(de)風(feng)俗,飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)歷來就(jiu)是(shi)當地(di)(di)(di)群(qun)眾生活(huo)必(bi)須用品(pin)和(he)主(zhu)要的(de)經濟收入來源。都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)就(jiu)是(shi)在這樣(yang)的(de)自然生態(tai)條件下和(he)當地(di)(di)(di)群(qun)眾長期選育而(er)(er)成(cheng)。 都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)板皮板質(zhi)均勻,薄而(er)(er)輕韌,彈性(xing)好(hao),纖(xian)維細致,是(shi)高級制(zhi)革原(yuan)料和(he)出口的(de)暢銷物資;肉(rou)質(zhi)嫩滑爽,肉(rou)泡清(qing)甜(tian),營養(yang)(yang)(yang)豐富,全羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可(ke)加(jia)工成(cheng)清(qing)燉羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包肝、燜羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蹄、鮮(xian)脆白切肚等60多種(zhong)(zhong)菜肴,成(cheng)為區內外賓館酒店的(de)主(zhu)菜,其中“美容長壽(shou)湯(tang)”苦(ku)而(er)(er)甘甜(tian),長期飲用能延年(nian)(nian)益壽(shou),“山(shan)(shan)(shan)珍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)扣”肥而(er)(er)不(bu)膩,“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)火鍋(guo)”令人回(hui)味無窮(qiong)。利(li)用優質(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)為原(yuan)料,采用傳(chuan)統的(de)原(yuan)始方式熏臘燒烤制(zhi)成(cheng)臘羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou),風(feng)味特奇,是(shi)送禮待客的(de)綠(lv)色佳(jia)品(pin)。 1979年(nian)(nian),廣(guang)西(xi)區畜牧局組(zu)織開展對都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行調查(cha)、測定,1983年(nian)(nian)將都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入廣(guang)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),載入《廣(guang)西(xi)家(jia)畜家(jia)禽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)》。都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)曾列(lie)為全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian),2003年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)被中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)牌宣傳(chuan)保(bao)(bao)護活(huo)動組(zu)委會授予“中國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。 上級業(ye)務部(bu)(bu)門(men)每年(nian)(nian)均劃撥(bo)專項經費實(shi)施都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)(di)方優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)選育工作;2005年(nian)(nian)由(you)質(zhi)量技術(shu)監督部(bu)(bu)門(men)組(zu)織,編制(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)綜(zong)合標(biao)準——“DB451228/T01-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)及種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評(ping)定”,“DB451228/T02-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繁育技術(shu)規程”,“DB451228/T03-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)管理技術(shu)規程”,“DB451228/T04-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)防疫技術(shu)規程”,“DB451228/T05-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標(biao)識(shi)、運輸”等五個標(biao)準,并發(fa)布實(shi)施。2009年(nian)(nian),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)農業(ye)部(bu)(bu)下達資金150萬元興建都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)場,經過精心(xin)組(zu)織實(shi)施,項目(mu)建設(she)已于2010年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)建成(cheng)并交付使用,該保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)場目(mu)前存欄山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)850只,有效帶動都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展,2015年(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)量達63.62萬只。
品質特性特征
(1)外貌(mao)特征 被(bei)毛:毛色(se)(se)(se)多為黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)、麻色(se)(se)(se)、黃色(se)(se)(se),也有(you)(you)黑(hei)白花(hua)和白色(se)(se)(se)。腹下、四肢 上(shang)部被(bei)毛和公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的鬃、鬣毛較粗(cu)長(chang)。 體形(xing)(xing):體型較小,結(jie)構(gou)緊湊(cou),體軀呈長(chang)方形(xing)(xing),體質(zhi)健壯(zhuang)結(jie)實, 皮薄有(you)(you)彈(dan)性(xing),結(jie)構(gou)勻稱;頭大小適中(zhong),眼大有(you)(you)神;有(you)(you)角,角向(xiang)后(hou)上(shang)方彎曲呈倒“八字”形(xing)(xing),其色(se)(se)(se)澤為暗黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)和玉色(se)(se)(se);耳(er)豎立稍向(xiang)前傾; 鼻梁平(ping)直;腰(yao)背(bei)平(ping)直;肋骨(gu)開張,胸(xiong)深與肢長(chang)相當;公(gong)(gong)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)前胸(xiong)及(ji)沿背(bei)線均(jun)有(you)(you)長(chang)毛,母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)較短,尾短小上(shang)翹,公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)雄壯(zhuang),母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)清秀。
(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質(zhi)指標:都(dou)安(an)山羊肉質(zhi)細(xi)嫩而有彈性(xing),顏色鮮艷,結締組織少,脂(zhi)肪堅(jian)實(shi)、色白,背(bei)部(bu)脂(zhi)肪分布(bu)均勻。其味鮮美(mei),膻味小。 都(dou)安(an)山羊肉含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)19.85%-21.95%,脂(zhi)肪1.65%-1.83%,水份71.25%-78.75%,灰(hui)分1.16%-1.28%,氨(an)基酸總量(liang)16.02%-17.70%,膳食纖維0.038%-0.042%,羊肉是低(di)能量(liang)高(gao)蛋(dan)白肉食品(pin),各種微量(liang)元(yuan)素含量(liang)高(gao),膽固 醇低(di)。
產地分布
都(dou)安(an)山(shan)(shan)羊中心產(chan)區分布(bu)在都(dou)安(an)瑤族自治縣(xian)的地蘇、保安(an)、澄江、龍灣、菁盛、拉烈(lie)、三只羊等(deng)鄉(鎮)。其(qi)周圍的馬山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)、大化縣(xian)、平(ping)果市、東蘭縣(xian)、巴馬縣(xian)忻城縣(xian)等(deng)石山(shan)(shan)地區也有大量(liang)分布(bu),隆安(an)縣(xian)、興賓(bin)縣(xian)、龍勝縣(xian)等(deng)以及其(qi)他平(ping)原丘陵地區均(jun)有飼養。據2005 年底統計,總數(shu)達85 萬余只。
產地環境
都安瑤族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)位于廣(guang)西(xi)中西(xi)部,地(di)處云貴高原(yuan)南緣,以石山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)為(wei)主。東經107°29′~108°41′,北緯23°42′~24°35′之(zhi)間。海(hai)拔(ba)170~1000m,境(jing)內(nei)石山(shan)疊嶂(zhang),洼地(di)密布屬典型的喀(ka)斯(si)特地(di)貌(mao)。
主產區年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫18.2℃~21.7℃之間,相對濕度(du)74%,無霜期(qi)347 d,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為1 297 h。降雨量(liang)1 737.9mm,雨量(liang)充沛(pei),氣(qi)候(hou)溫和濕潤(run),日(ri)照(zhao)充足,無霜期(qi)長,屬于南(nan)亞熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區北緣,四季常青,宜農宜牧。
都安縣境內主要有(you)紅水河(he)(he)、刁江、澄江、拉(la)仁河(he)(he)、板(ban)嶺河(he)(he)、地(di)蘇河(he)(he)、同(tong)更河(he)(he)等8 條(tiao)河(he)(he)流。耕作土類:分為(wei)旱作土和水稻土。以石灰(hui)土為(wei)主要土類,遍布全縣溶巖(yan)石山。自(zi)然土類有(you):紅壤、黃壤、石灰(hui)巖(yan)土、紅色石灰(hui)土、紫色土、沖(chong)積(ji)土等。
全縣草場面積13.7 萬公頃,草場植被(bei)主(zhu)要以石山(shan)高中禾(he)草草叢(cong)和灌(guan)叢(cong)草叢(cong)為主(zhu)。山(shan)上植物種類繁多(duo),以藤類和灌(guan)木(mu)(mu)居優勢。藤類以金銀花(hua)、野山(shan)葡萄(tao)、千里(li)光等(deng)為常見。禾(he)本科以野古(gu)草、白毛、五節芒、馬唐、狗牙根(gen)等(deng)組成群落,山(shan)羊(yang)喜歡采食的喬(qiao)灌(guan)木(mu)(mu)達200 多(duo)種。農作物主(zhu)要有(you)玉米、水稻(dao)、旱(han)芋(yu)、紅薯、豆類和蕎(qiao)麥等(deng)。
品種歷史
都安(an)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品種形(xing)成(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)悠久。據《都安(an)縣志稿(gao)》(民國)中食貨志記載(zai),畜牧產量調查表“本縣家畜,大的(de)如牛、馬、豬、羊(yang)(yang);小的(de)如雞……惟山(shan)地(di)(di)則兼(jian)養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)……”。山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)已列入(ru)地(di)(di)方的(de)畜產,當地(di)(di)少數(shu)民族凡婚(hun)、喪、嫁、娶等都有殺羊(yang)(yang)祭祀(si)的(de)風俗,飼養(yang)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)歷(li)來就(jiu)是(shi)當地(di)(di)群眾(zhong)生活必須用品和主要的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)收入(ru)來源。都安(an)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)就(jiu)是(shi)在這樣(yang)的(de)自然生態條(tiao)件下和當地(di)(di)群眾(zhong)長期(qi)選育而成(cheng)。