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一.產品介紹

油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)又名胡麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，屬于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)科（Linaceae）、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屬（Linum）、普(pu)通(tong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)個變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，學(xue)名（Linum usitatissimum L），是一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草本植(zhi)物。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物，在全(quan)國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物中位(wei)于油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜、花生(sheng)(sheng)、大豆之后居(ju)(ju)第(di)4位(wei)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子含(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)38～48％。前(qian)蘇聯曾育(yu)出含(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)達50.9％的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)味(wei)道(dao)香美，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)良好，是很好的(de)(de)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其突出特點(dian)是含(han)有(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)，能被人(ren)體(ti)充分吸(xi)收(shou)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)因其具有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途廣(guang)，價(jia)值(zhi)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)特點(dian)，故(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)世(shi)界各國廣(guang)泛利用(yong)(yong)(yong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也是原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州區的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物。 固原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)市(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州區位(wei)于我國黃土(tu)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)，六盤山(shan)東麓，東鄰甘(gan)肅省的(de)(de)環(huan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；南接(jie)甘(gan)肅省的(de)(de)平(ping)涼市(shi)和(he)(he)寧(ning)夏的(de)(de)涇源、隆德兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；西(xi)(xi)與西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)、海原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤；北(bei)與同心縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相連。地(di)(di)(di)跨東經(jing)105°58′-106°30′，北(bei)緯35°34′-36°38′。現有(you)(you)可(ke)耕地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)155.47萬畝(mu)。本區屬溫(wen)(wen)帶半干旱氣候，海拔高(gao)(gao)度1470-2920米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無(wu)(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期135-160天，光(guang)照時數2400-2600小時。年(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)350-600mm，海拔高(gao)(gao)，光(guang)照充足，沒有(you)(you)工(gong)礦企業(ye)污染(ran)(ran)，土(tu)壤以黑(hei)壚(lu)土(tu)、淺黑(hei)壚(lu)土(tu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)，富含(han)鉀(jia)素(su)，PH值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7.8；灌溉水(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要以天然降水(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)補充灌溉為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔；農(nong)(nong)民因生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)資料(liao)緊缺(que)，化肥和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)藥施用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)少，施用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)家肥都是經(jing)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)發酵腐熟的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)害肥料(liao)，農(nong)(nong)田生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統無(wu)(wu)(wu)化學(xue)污染(ran)(ran)，毒害性(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)積(ji)累殘留量(liang)(liang)極(ji)少，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)具備綠色(se)無(wu)(wu)(wu)“污染(ran)(ran)”優(you)勢，是理想的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)適宜溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)涼爽、濕潤(run)的(de)(de)氣候。生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期間光(guang)照強有(you)(you)利分枝，增加蒴果和(he)(he)促進早熟。據(ju)研究(jiu)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)50㎏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽實大約從土(tu)壤中吸(xi)收(shou)氮素(su)3.13㎏，磷(lin)素(su)0.91㎏，鉀(jia)素(su)2.12㎏，氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)的(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)比例(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3：1：2。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州區主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要優(you)勢特色(se)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)加大。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，引(yin)進寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)17號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)10號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)11號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)16號等優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，建(jian)立(li)健全(quan)了油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、供、銷(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)體(ti)系，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率高(gao)(gao)達45%，由于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)富含(han)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)16.7%，a—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)40—60%，含(han)有(you)(you)人(ren)體(ti)必需的(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan)、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)A、E、B1和(he)(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素(su)及膳(shan)食纖維等，特別是脫色(se)、脫酸(suan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)良，市(shi)場價(jia)格居(ju)(ju)高(gao)(gao)不下，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)、新疆等地(di)(di)(di)。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)，“原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)”獲得農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)(di)理標志認定，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di)被認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)已(yi)通(tong)過農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認證(zheng)。2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州區創建(jian)了全(quan)國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)綠色(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素

1、土壤(rang)地(di)貌情況：地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌類型復雜多樣，土壤(rang)以黑(hei)壚土、湘黃土為主，pH7.8左右，土壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)量1.0-1.5%，全氮含(han)量0.021-0.111%，全磷含(han)量0.10-0.215%全鉀含(han)量2.19-2.53%。

2、水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang)：原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區境內河(he)(he)(he)流主要(yao)有清水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)，是黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)的一條支流，發源于原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區開城(cheng)(cheng)鎮黑(hei)刺溝腦，由南(nan)向北流經原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區、三營等(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮，到(dao)七營鎮的高崖出(chu)境，經同心、中寧入(ru)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)。清水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)上游(you)開城(cheng)(cheng)至固原(yuan)(yuan)縣城(cheng)(cheng)一帶，河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)礦化度為0.7克(ke)/升(sheng)屬(shu)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)，三營為2.6克(ke)/升(sheng)，七營為6克(ke)/升(sheng)。

3、氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang)：本區屬(shu)溫帶半(ban)干(gan)旱(han)氣(qi)(qi)候，海拔(ba)高度(du)1470-2920米，年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫2160℃-2560℃，無霜期135-160天，光照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)2400-2600小時(shi)。年降雨(yu)量350-650mm，降水(shui)受地形影(ying)響(xiang)，自南向北隨地勢降低而降水(shui)逐漸(jian)減少(shao)，南北較差300mm。亞(ya)麻主(zhu)產區主(zhu)要分布在東部(bu)(bu)干(gan)旱(han)區、北部(bu)(bu)川區。

4、人文歷(li)史(shi)情況(kuang)：原州區(qu)在古(gu)代(dai)曾(ceng)為(wei)游牧區(qu)，明代(dai)中葉以后(hou)，由于戊邊(bian)、屯墾，人口增長較快(kuai)耕墾日增。晚清以來，種(zhong)植(zhi)業迅速擴大(da)，畜(chu)牧業相應縮小。原州區(qu)油用(yong)亞麻(ma)種(zhong)植(zhi)已(yi)有近2000年的種(zhong)植(zhi)歷(li)史(shi)。油用(yong)亞麻(ma)作(zuo)為(wei)食用(yong)油，以其品質優良，味香可口，深受西北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)一帶人民的喜愛。

三.地域范圍

固原(yuan)市(shi)原(yuan)州(zhou)區位于我國黃土(tu)高(gao)原(yuan)西部，六(liu)盤山東(dong)麓(lu)，東(dong)鄰甘肅(su)省的環縣(xian)、鎮原(yuan)縣(xian)；南接甘肅(su)省的平涼(liang)市(shi)和(he)寧夏的涇源、隆德兩(liang)縣(xian)；西與(yu)西吉、海(hai)原(yuan)兩(liang)縣(xian)接壤(rang)；北與(yu)同心縣(xian)相連。地跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。面(mian)積(ji)3505.9平方公里(li)，現有可耕地面(mian)積(ji)120666.7公頃，總生(sheng)產面(mian)積(ji)6700公頃，總產量(liang)6000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

1、外在感官特征：油(you)用亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)：屬(shu)于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)科(ke)(Linaceae)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)屬(shu)(Linum)一年(nian)生(sheng)或多年(nian)生(sheng)草本植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。目前世界上大(da)田生(sheng)產栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培的約有(you)15個(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)。而生(sheng)產上栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培最(zui)為廣泛的為普(pu)通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)(Linum Usitatissimum) ，在普(pu)通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)里有(you)五個(ge)變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)具(ju)有(you)較廣泛的栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培價值。即(ji)：油(you)用型(xing)、油(you)纖兼用型(xing)、纖維用型(xing)、大(da)粒種(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)及半冬性多莖匍匐型(xing)，本區(qu)(qu)境內種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)油(you)用型(xing)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)，主栽(zai)(zai)(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)17號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)10號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)11號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)16號(hao)等。在我區(qu)(qu)旱塬地帶(dai)、北部川水區(qu)(qu)大(da)面(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)，是本區(qu)(qu)主要油(you)料作物(wu)之一。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)籽呈(cheng)扁平卵形，表面(mian)亮澤，有(you)黃、白(bai)、棕、褐等色。

2、內在(zai)(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指標：油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子和(he)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)價值，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)產(chan)品也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)用(yong)途(tu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子含(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)35-40%，最(zui)高(gao)可達45%以(yi)上。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)良，味(wei)香可口，是(shi)(shi)(shi)西北、華北一(yi)(yi)帶人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you) 用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，碘值很(hen)高(gao)，與空氣(qi)接(jie)觸容(rong)易氧化而(er)干燥，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)干性油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)漆、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)墨(mo)、涂料、皮革、橡膠(jiao)等(deng)工業有(you)(you)(you)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)途(tu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮內含(han)有(you)(you)(you)6-10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)膠(jiao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘合劑(ji)，在(zai)(zai)制革、食(shi)(shi)(shi)品加工、醫(yi)藥及(ji)國防上應用(yong)廣泛(fan)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提高(gao)人(ren)們(men)生活和(he)健(jian)康水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)綠色食(shi)(shi)(shi)品資源。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)品位較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)16.7%，a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)40-60%，還含(han)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)體必(bi)須的(de)(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維(wei)(wei)(wei)生素(su)（A、E、B1）和(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微量元素(su)以(yi)及(ji)膳食(shi)(shi)(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)等(deng)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽榨油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)后(hou)(hou)餅粕(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量達33.3%，脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)含(han)量達8.6%，無氮浸出物31.7%，纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)素(su)7.8%，可作(zuo)為(wei)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼料，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加工配合飼料的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)原(yuan)料。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)餅粕(po)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)氮、磷、鉀三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)份，經過漚制發酵，是(shi)(shi)(shi)農作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)機肥料。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、纖(xian)兼(jian)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)稈可生產(chan)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)，一(yi)(yi)般出麻(ma)(ma)(ma)率為(wei)12-15%。加工纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)時剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)屑，可以(yi)壓制纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)板，代替木料。剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)稈和(he)亂麻(ma)(ma)(ma)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)造紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好原(yuan)料。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)脫粒后(hou)(hou)剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)殼和(he)秕粒，俗稱“油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)衣”，可作(zuo)豬飼料。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)起保健(jian)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，它在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽的(de)(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)組成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)約占45%。研究(jiu)證明a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)體肝臟中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)脫飽和(he)酶(mei)和(he)鏈(lian)延長酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下，能(neng)夠生成(cheng)(cheng)二(er)十碳五烯酸(suan)(suan)(suan)((EPA) 和(he)二(er)十二(er)碳六烯酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(DHA)，這 就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)員之一(yi)(yi)，又是(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)其它兩個成(cheng)(cheng)員EPA和(he)DHA的(de)(de)(de)(de)母體。因此，人(ren)體缺乏ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，既可以(yi)直接(jie)補充EPA和(he)DHA，也(ye)可以(yi)通過食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)來獲得(de)。

3、安(an)全(quan)要求(qiu)：本著“預防為主(zhu)，綜(zong)合防治”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，綜(zong)合的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物理(li)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、生物防治措施，盡量(liang)避免使用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，堅決杜絕高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)要注意品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)象(xiang)及(ji)安(an)全(quan)間隔期(qi)，以保證化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)不超標。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技中心推薦的(de)(de)在無(wu)公害(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)中使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種。科(ke)學合理(li)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留(liu)(liu)不超標和嚴(yan)格控(kong)制(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)間隔期(qi)。對(dui)本產(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)取分點、分戶抽驗(yan)的(de)(de)辦法， 將被抽檢(jian)的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料袋包裝(zhuang)運送到有(you)資質(zhi)的(de)(de)質(zhi)檢(jian)部門，按照NY 5306-2005《無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物油》檢(jian)驗(yan)標準進行檢(jian)測。產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境符合《無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境評價準則(ze)》（NY/T5295-2004）標準和《無(wu)公害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)　蔬菜(cai)產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境條件》（NY/T5010-2002）的(de)(de)標準。

五(wu).特定生產方式

1、產(chan)地選(xuan)(xuan)擇：應選(xuan)(xuan)前茬地為(wei)小(xiao)麥、豆類或蔬菜地種(zhong)植，忌選(xuan)(xuan)薯茬。輪(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)年限3年以上(shang)。入選(xuan)(xuan)田塊前作(zuo)(zuo)收后要適時深耕(geng)，熟化土壤，白露及時收耱，冬(dong)春打碾保(bao)墑，為(wei)播種(zhong)出苗創造良好(hao)的土壤條(tiao)件(jian)。

2、品種選擇：旱(han)地有寧(ning)亞10號(hao)、寧(ning)亞14號(hao)；水地有寧(ning)亞17號(hao)、寧(ning)亞11號(hao)、寧(ning)亞16號(hao)和隴亞8號(hao)。

3、生產(chan)過程管(guan)(guan)理，包括農業投入(ru)品(pin)方(fang)面的(de)特殊使用(yong)規定(ding)：適(shi)時(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)：種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)每年4月(yue)(yue)清明前(qian)后。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法水(shui)地(di)(di)采用(yong)機(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)，臺地(di)(di)采用(yong)耬播(bo)(bo)。播(bo)(bo)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)：水(shui)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)150-225公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，旱(han)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-75公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。 田間(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理： ①保全苗(miao)(miao)：在(zai)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)求精細(xi)整地(di)(di)，土(tu)壤表層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)(shang)虛(xu)下實。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后在(zai)土(tu)壤不(bu)粘結(jie)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)鎮(zhen)壓(ya)一(yi)次，墑情差(cha)時(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后應(ying)(ying)立(li)即鎮(zhen)壓(ya)一(yi)次，這對出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)有十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后遇雨，幼苗(miao)(miao)尚未出(chu)土(tu)，土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)形成板(ban)結(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)，要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)用(yong)釘(ding)耙實行(xing)(xing)橫向破除(chu)(chu)，防止幼苗(miao)(miao)窩黃不(bu)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)。 ②中耕鋤(chu)草：確保土(tu)壤濕(shi)度(du)良好和(he)田間(jian)(jian)清潔無(wu)雜草。苗(miao)(miao)高6-9cm進(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次鋤(chu)草；苗(miao)(miao)高12-15cm進(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)次鋤(chu)草。 ③肥(fei)水(shui)管(guan)(guan)理：亞麻出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)后30天（5月(yue)(yue)20日左右）進(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次灌(guan)水(shui)，結(jie)合(he)灌(guan)水(shui)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)尿素(su)75-150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)；孕蕾期(qi)（5月(yue)(yue)下旬-6月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬）進(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)次灌(guan)水(shui)，特別(bie)干旱(han)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)子粒形成期(qi)灌(guan)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)水(shui)。旱(han)地(di)(di)在(zai)此(ci)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)看下雨狀況追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)尿素(su)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。 合(he)理施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)： 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)法采用(yong)基肥(fei)、追(zhui)肥(fei)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)，以(yi)(yi)無(wu)機(ji)(ji)促有機(ji)(ji)，以(yi)(yi)肥(fei)治薄，以(yi)(yi)肥(fei)調水(shui)，增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)料是(shi)(shi)胡麻均衡增(zeng)產(chan)的(de)關鍵性措施(shi)(shi)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方(fang)法上(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。一(yi)般旱(han)地(di)(di)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)農家肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)15000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳(tan)銨255公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普磷(lin)240公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)；水(shui)地(di)(di)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)農家肥(fei)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)45000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普磷(lin)402公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳(tan)銨426公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。在(zai)未秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)的(de)田塊(kuai)應(ying)(ying)采用(yong)先施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)后播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)方(fang)法。 病蟲害防治： 我區(qu)常見的(de)病害主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)枯萎(wei)病、立(li)枯病。蟲害有黑(hei)絨金龜甲。農事操(cao)作(zuo)防治一(yi)般采用(yong)輪作(zuo)倒茬3年以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)、深耕翻曬、拔除(chu)(chu)田間(jian)(jian)病株(zhu)、選用(yong)抗病品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)等農業措施(shi)(shi)。

4、及(ji)時收獲：當亞(ya)麻上部葉片黃萎，下部葉片脫落，莖稈和75%蒴果(guo)變(bian)(bian)黃色，種(zhong)(zhong)子變(bian)(bian)硬時即可(ke)收獲。過早成熟不(bu)夠影響產(chan)量；過晚蒴果(guo)易爆裂，且(qie)種(zhong)(zhong)皮變(bian)(bian)厚，降(jiang)低(di)出油率。

5、生(sheng)(sheng)產記錄(lu)要求：真實、準(zhun)確記錄(lu)油用(yong)亞(ya)麻從選地到收(shou)獲的生(sheng)(sheng)產全(quan)過程。

六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定

1、分(fen)(fen)級(ji)：一級(ji)：含油量（以標準水(shui)、雜質計(ji)）36.0%，水(shui)分(fen)(fen)9.0，雜質3.0，色(se)澤，氣味正(zheng)常。二級(ji)：含油量（以標準水(shui)、雜質計(ji)）35.0%，水(shui)分(fen)(fen)9.0，雜質4.0，色(se)澤，氣味正(zheng)常。 三級(ji)：含油量（以標準水(shui)、雜質計(ji)）34.0%，水(shui)分(fen)(fen)9.0，雜質5.0，色(se)澤，氣味正(zheng)常。

2、包(bao)裝(zhuang)：包(bao)裝(zhuang)使(shi)用(yong)麻袋時(shi)應符合 GB8115要求。每一包(bao)裝(zhuang)件必須是(shi)同一品(pin)種、同一品(pin)質、同等級的(de)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)容器應符合衛生要求，清潔(jie)干(gan)燥(zao)，無毒、無異味。保證適合運輸和儲存。

3、標(biao)(biao)識(shi)：符合農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)注規定。還應在包裝(zhuang)外部(bu)印刷、粘貼或吊掛(gua)商(shang)品(pin)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)應清(qing)晰、不(bu)易(yi)脫落或褪色。商(shang)品(pin)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)應注明以下內容(rong)： ——農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)稱、品(pin)種； ——產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者名(ming)稱、地(di)(di)址、商(shang)標(biao)(biao)； ——包裝(zhuang)規格、凈重、等級(ji)； ——包裝(zhuang)日期、質檢人代號。

4、儲(chu)藏：亞麻籽的儲(chu)存按照中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和國原商業部《糧油儲(chu)藏技術(shu)規范》的規定執行。

5、運輸：亞麻籽(zi)的運輸按照中華人民(min)共和國(guo)(guo)原(yuan)商(shang)業(ye)部糧(liang)油(you)運輸中《關于執行國(guo)(guo)家糧(liang)油(you)標準有關問題》的規(gui)定執行。運輸工(gong)具應清潔衛生(sheng)，有防(fang)雨(yu)和通風設施(shi)。