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一.產品介紹

油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)又名胡麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，屬于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)科(ke)（Linaceae）、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屬（Linum）、普通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)，學名（Linum usitatissimum L），是一(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本(ben)(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)物(wu)，在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)物(wu)中位(wei)于油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜、花生(sheng)(sheng)、大(da)豆(dou)之后居第4位(wei)。種(zhong)(zhong)子含(han)(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)38～48％。前蘇聯曾育出含(han)(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)達50.9％的(de)高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)味道香美，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質良(liang)好，是很(hen)好的(de)食用(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其突出特(te)(te)點(dian)是含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)不飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)，能被人體充(chong)分吸(xi)(xi)收，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)因其具有(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)途廣，價值高(gao)(gao)的(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)，故為(wei)(wei)世(shi)界各國廣泛利用(yong)(yong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也是原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)物(wu)。 固原(yuan)(yuan)市原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于我國黃土(tu)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部，六盤山東(dong)(dong)麓，東(dong)(dong)鄰甘肅省的(de)環(huan)縣(xian)、鎮原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)；南接(jie)甘肅省的(de)平(ping)涼市和(he)(he)(he)寧夏的(de)涇源、隆德(de)兩縣(xian)；西(xi)(xi)(xi)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)吉、海(hai)(hai)原(yuan)(yuan)兩縣(xian)接(jie)壤(rang)(rang)；北(bei)與同(tong)心縣(xian)相連。地(di)(di)(di)跨東(dong)(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北(bei)緯35°34′-36°38′。現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)可耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)155.47萬畝(mu)。本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶半干旱氣(qi)候，海(hai)(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)度1470-2920米，年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無霜期135-160天，光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)時數2400-2600小時。年降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)350-600mm，海(hai)(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)，光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足，沒有(you)(you)(you)工礦企業污染(ran)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以黑壚土(tu)、淺黑壚土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)，富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)(han)鉀(jia)(jia)素(su)，PH值為(wei)(wei)7.8；灌溉(gai)水主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以天然降水主(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水補充(chong)灌溉(gai)為(wei)(wei)輔；農(nong)民因生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資料(liao)(liao)緊缺，化(hua)肥和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)藥施用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)少(shao)，施用(yong)(yong)農(nong)家肥都是經高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)發酵腐熟的(de)無害肥料(liao)(liao)，農(nong)田生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)無化(hua)學污染(ran)，毒害性物(wu)質積(ji)累殘(can)留量(liang)(liang)極少(shao)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)具備綠(lv)色(se)(se)無“污染(ran)”優(you)勢，是理(li)想(xiang)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)適宜溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)涼爽(shuang)、濕潤的(de)氣(qi)候。生(sheng)(sheng)育期間光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)強有(you)(you)(you)利分枝(zhi)，增加蒴果和(he)(he)(he)促進(jin)(jin)早熟。據研(yan)究，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)50㎏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽實大(da)約從土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中吸(xi)(xi)收氮(dan)素(su)3.13㎏，磷素(su)0.91㎏，鉀(jia)(jia)素(su)2.12㎏，氮(dan)、磷、鉀(jia)(jia)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)收比例為(wei)(wei)3：1：2。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)優(you)勢特(te)(te)色(se)(se)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)逐年加大(da)。近(jin)年來，引(yin)進(jin)(jin)寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)17號(hao)(hao)(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)10號(hao)(hao)(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)11號(hao)(hao)(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)16號(hao)(hao)(hao)等優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)了油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、供(gong)、銷生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)體系，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率高(gao)(gao)達45%，由于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)(han)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)16.7%，a—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)40—60%，含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)人體必需的(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan)、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)A、E、B1和(he)(he)(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素(su)及膳食纖維等，特(te)(te)別是脫(tuo)色(se)(se)、脫(tuo)酸(suan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)良(liang)，市場價格(ge)居高(gao)(gao)不下(xia)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)遠銷山西(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、新(xin)疆(jiang)等地(di)(di)(di)。2008年，“原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)”獲得(de)農(nong)業部地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志認(ren)定(ding)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基地(di)(di)(di)被認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)無公害產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)已通過農(nong)業部油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)無公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證。2014年原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)創建(jian)了全(quan)(quan)國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)綠(lv)色(se)(se)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、土壤(rang)地貌(mao)情況：地形地貌(mao)類型復雜(za)多樣，土壤(rang)以黑(hei)壚土、湘黃土為主，pH7.8左(zuo)右，土壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)1.0-1.5%，全氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.021-0.111%，全磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.10-0.215%全鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)2.19-2.53%。

2、水(shui)文情況(kuang)：原州區(qu)境內河流主要有清水(shui)河，是(shi)黃(huang)河的一條支(zhi)流，發源(yuan)于(yu)原州區(qu)開城(cheng)鎮黑(hei)刺溝腦(nao)，由南向(xiang)北流經原州區(qu)、三營(ying)等城(cheng)鎮，到七營(ying)鎮的高(gao)崖出境，經同心、中寧入(ru)黃(huang)河。清水(shui)河上游開城(cheng)至固原縣城(cheng)一帶，河水(shui)礦化度(du)為0.7克(ke)/升屬(shu)淡水(shui)，三營(ying)為2.6克(ke)/升，七營(ying)為6克(ke)/升。

3、氣(qi)候情況：本區屬溫(wen)帶半干旱氣(qi)候，海拔(ba)高(gao)度(du)1470-2920米(mi)，年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無霜期135-160天，光照(zhao)時數2400-2600小時。年降(jiang)雨量350-650mm，降(jiang)水(shui)受地形影響，自南(nan)向北隨地勢降(jiang)低而降(jiang)水(shui)逐漸(jian)減少，南(nan)北較差300mm。亞麻主產區主要(yao)分布在東部(bu)干旱區、北部(bu)川區。

4、人文(wen)歷史情況：原(yuan)州區在古代(dai)曾為游牧區，明(ming)代(dai)中葉以(yi)(yi)后，由于戊邊、屯墾，人口增(zeng)長較快耕墾日增(zeng)。晚清以(yi)(yi)來，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業迅速擴(kuo)大，畜牧業相(xiang)應縮小。原(yuan)州區油用亞(ya)麻種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已有近2000年的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史。油用亞(ya)麻作(zuo)為食用油，以(yi)(yi)其品(pin)質優良，味香可口，深受西(xi)北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)一(yi)帶(dai)人民的(de)喜愛。

三.地域范圍

固原(yuan)市(shi)原(yuan)州區位于我國黃土高原(yuan)西部，六盤(pan)山(shan)東(dong)麓，東(dong)鄰甘肅省的環縣(xian)、鎮(zhen)原(yuan)縣(xian)；南接(jie)甘肅省的平涼市(shi)和寧夏的涇源、隆德兩縣(xian)；西與西吉、海(hai)原(yuan)兩縣(xian)接(jie)壤；北與同(tong)心縣(xian)相連。地跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北緯(wei)35°34′-36°38′。面積(ji)3505.9平方公(gong)里，現有可耕地面積(ji)120666.7公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，總生產面積(ji)6700公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，總產量(liang)6000噸。

四.產品品質特性(xing)特征

1、外在(zai)感官特征：油用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)麻(ma)：屬(shu)于亞(ya)麻(ma)科(Linaceae)亞(ya)麻(ma)屬(shu)(Linum)一年生(sheng)或多年生(sheng)草本(ben)植物(wu)。目前世界(jie)上大(da)(da)田生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)約(yue)有15個種(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)。而生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)上栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)最(zui)為廣(guang)泛的(de)為普(pu)(pu)通亞(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(Linum Usitatissimum) ，在(zai)普(pu)(pu)通亞(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)里(li)有五個變種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)(xing)具有較廣(guang)泛的(de)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)價值。即(ji)：油用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、油纖兼用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、纖維(wei)用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、大(da)(da)粒種(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)及半冬性多莖匍匐型(xing)(xing)(xing)，本(ben)區(qu)(qu)境內種(zhong)(zhong)植油用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)(xing)亞(ya)麻(ma)，主栽(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)有寧亞(ya)17號(hao)、寧亞(ya)10號(hao)、寧亞(ya)11號(hao)、寧亞(ya)16號(hao)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)我區(qu)(qu)旱塬(yuan)地帶、北部川(chuan)水區(qu)(qu)大(da)(da)面(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)植，是本(ben)區(qu)(qu)主要(yao)油料作物(wu)之一。亞(ya)麻(ma)籽(zi)呈扁平(ping)卵(luan)形，表面(mian)亮澤，有黃、白(bai)、棕、褐等(deng)(deng)色。

2、內(nei)(nei)在(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)質指標：油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)種子和(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)經濟價(jia)值，它的(de)副產品(pin)(pin)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種子含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率一般(ban)為35-40%，最(zui)高(gao)可(ke)達(da)45%以(yi)上(shang)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)質優(you)良，味香(xiang)可(ke)口，是(shi)(shi)(shi)西(xi)北、華北一帶人(ren)民的(de)主要(yao)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)較多的(de)不飽和(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)，碘值很(hen)高(gao)，與空氣接觸(chu)容易氧化(hua)而干(gan)(gan)燥，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種很(hen)好(hao)的(de)干(gan)(gan)性油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)漆、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)墨、涂料(liao)、皮(pi)革(ge)、橡(xiang)膠等(deng)工業有(you)(you)(you)廣(guang)泛的(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種皮(pi)內(nei)(nei)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)6-10%的(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)膠，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種良好(hao)的(de)粘合(he)劑，在(zai)(zai)制革(ge)、食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)工、醫藥及(ji)國防上(shang)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廣(guang)泛。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提高(gao)人(ren)們生活和(he)健康水平的(de)重要(yao)綠色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)資(zi)源。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)位較高(gao)的(de)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其中(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)16.7%，a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)40-60%，還含(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)體(ti)必(bi)須的(de)18種氨基酸(suan)(suan)、三種維(wei)生素（A、E、B1）和(he)8種微(wei)量元素以(yi)及(ji)膳(shan)食(shi)(shi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)等(deng)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽榨油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)后(hou)餅(bing)粕(po)的(de)蛋(dan)白質含(han)(han)量達(da)33.3%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)含(han)(han)量達(da)8.6%，無氮浸(jin)出(chu)物31.7%，纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)素7.8%，可(ke)作(zuo)為牲畜(chu)的(de)飼料(liao)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)工配(pei)合(he)飼料(liao)的(de)重要(yao)原(yuan)料(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)餅(bing)粕(po)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)氮、磷、鉀三種營養成(cheng)(cheng)份，經過(guo)漚制發(fa)酵(jiao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)作(zuo)物的(de)優(you)質有(you)(you)(you)機肥料(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、纖(xian)(xian)(xian)兼用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)品(pin)(pin)種，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈可(ke)生產纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)，一般(ban)出(chu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)率為12-15%。加(jia)工纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)時(shi)剩下的(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屑，可(ke)以(yi)壓制纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)板，代替木(mu)料(liao)。剩下的(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈和(he)亂麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)造紙的(de)好(hao)原(yuan)料(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)脫粒后(hou)剩下的(de)果殼(ke)和(he)秕粒，俗稱“油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)衣”，可(ke)作(zuo)豬飼料(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)起保健功能的(de)有(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)，它在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽的(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)組成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)約占(zhan)45%。研究證明a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)體(ti)肝臟中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)脫飽和(he)酶和(he)鏈(lian)延長酶的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下，能夠生成(cheng)(cheng)二十(shi)碳(tan)五烯酸(suan)(suan)((EPA) 和(he)二十(shi)二碳(tan)六(liu)烯酸(suan)(suan)(DHA)，這 就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)既(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)之一，又是(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)其它兩個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)EPA和(he)DHA的(de)母體(ti)。因此，人(ren)體(ti)缺乏ω3型脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)，既(ji)可(ke)以(yi)直接補充EPA和(he)DHA，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)來獲(huo)得。

3、安全(quan)要求：本(ben)著“預(yu)防為(wei)主，綜合防治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，綜合的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)理、農(nong)業、生物(wu)防治(zhi)措施，盡量避免使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，堅(jian)決杜絕高毒、高殘(can)(can)留化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對(dui)(dui)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要注意品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)象及安全(quan)間隔期，以保證化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)不超標(biao)。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)技中心推薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。科學(xue)(xue)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)，嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)殘(can)(can)留不超標(biao)和(he)嚴格控(kong)制(zhi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)間隔期。對(dui)(dui)本(ben)產(chan)(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采(cai)取分點(dian)、分戶抽(chou)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法， 將被抽(chou)檢(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料袋包裝運送到有資質的(de)(de)(de)(de)質檢(jian)部門，按照NY 5306-2005《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin) 食用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)油》檢(jian)驗標(biao)準進行檢(jian)測。產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境符合《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin) 產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境評價準則(ze)》（NY/T5295-2004）標(biao)準和(he)《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)　蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境條件》（NY/T5010-2002）的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準。

五(wu).特定生產方式

1、產地選擇：應選前茬地為小麥、豆類或(huo)蔬菜地種(zhong)植，忌(ji)選薯茬。輪作年限3年以上。入(ru)選田塊(kuai)前作收(shou)后要適(shi)時深耕，熟化(hua)土壤，白露及時收(shou)耱，冬(dong)春打(da)碾保墑，為播種(zhong)出(chu)苗創造(zao)良好的土壤條件。

2、品種選擇(ze)：旱地有寧(ning)亞(ya)10號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)14號(hao)；水地有寧(ning)亞(ya)17號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)11號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)16號(hao)和隴亞(ya)8號(hao)。

3、生(sheng)產過程管(guan)理，包括(kuo)農業(ye)投入品方(fang)(fang)面的特殊使用(yong)規定：適時(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)：種(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)每(mei)年4月(yue)(yue)清明前后(hou)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)水(shui)(shui)地(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)機播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，臺地(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)耬(lou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量為(wei)：水(shui)(shui)地(di)為(wei)150-225公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，旱(han)(han)地(di)為(wei)60-75公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。 田間(jian)管(guan)理： ①保全苗(miao)(miao)：在(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)要(yao)求精(jing)細整地(di)，土壤表層上(shang)(shang)虛下(xia)實。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)在(zai)土壤不粘結(jie)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)鎮(zhen)壓一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，墑情差時(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)應(ying)(ying)立即鎮(zhen)壓一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，這(zhe)對(dui)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)十(shi)分(fen)重要(yao)的作用(yong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)遇雨，幼苗(miao)(miao)尚未(wei)出(chu)土，土層形成板結(jie)層，要(yao)及時(shi)用(yong)釘耙實行(xing)(xing)(xing)橫向(xiang)破除，防(fang)止幼苗(miao)(miao)窩黃(huang)不出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)。 ②中耕鋤(chu)草(cao)：確保土壤濕度良好和田間(jian)清潔無(wu)雜草(cao)。苗(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)6-9cm進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)鋤(chu)草(cao)；苗(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)12-15cm進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第二次(ci)(ci)鋤(chu)草(cao)。 ③肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理：亞(ya)麻出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)30天（5月(yue)(yue)20日左右(you)）進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)，結(jie)合灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)追施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素75-150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃；孕蕾期(qi)(qi)（5月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-6月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)）進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第二次(ci)(ci)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)，特別(bie)干旱(han)(han)時(shi)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)子粒形成期(qi)(qi)灌(guan)(guan)第三水(shui)(shui)。旱(han)(han)地(di)在(zai)此期(qi)(qi)間(jian)看下(xia)雨狀況追施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素為(wei)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。 合理施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)： 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)相結(jie)合，以(yi)(yi)無(wu)機促有(you)(you)機，以(yi)(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)治(zhi)薄(bo)，以(yi)(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)調水(shui)(shui)，增施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)是(shi)胡麻均衡增產的關鍵性(xing)措施(shi)(shi)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)上(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)秋施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)為(wei)主。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)旱(han)(han)地(di)秋施(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃15000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，碳銨255公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，普磷(lin)240公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)；水(shui)(shui)地(di)秋施(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃45000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，普磷(lin)402公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，碳銨426公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。在(zai)未(wei)秋施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的田塊應(ying)(ying)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)先施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。 病蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)： 我(wo)區常見的病害(hai)(hai)主要(yao)是(shi)枯萎病、立枯病。蟲害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)黑絨金龜(gui)甲。農事操作防(fang)治(zhi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)輪(lun)作倒茬(cha)3年以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)、深耕翻曬(shai)、拔除田間(jian)病株、選用(yong)抗病品種(zhong)(zhong)等農業(ye)措施(shi)(shi)。

4、及時(shi)收(shou)獲：當亞(ya)麻上部葉片(pian)黃萎，下部葉片(pian)脫落，莖(jing)稈和75%蒴果(guo)變黃色，種子變硬(ying)時(shi)即可收(shou)獲。過早成熟(shu)不夠影響產量；過晚蒴果(guo)易(yi)爆裂，且(qie)種皮變厚(hou)，降低出油率。

5、生產記(ji)(ji)錄要求(qiu)：真實、準確記(ji)(ji)錄油用(yong)亞麻從選地到(dao)收(shou)獲的生產全過程。

六.包裝標識相關規定

1、分級(ji)：一(yi)級(ji)：含(han)油量（以(yi)標準水(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計(ji)(ji)）36.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)3.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味正常。二(er)級(ji)：含(han)油量（以(yi)標準水(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計(ji)(ji)）35.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)4.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味正常。 三級(ji)：含(han)油量（以(yi)標準水(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計(ji)(ji)）34.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)5.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味正常。

2、包(bao)(bao)裝：包(bao)(bao)裝使用麻袋時(shi)應符(fu)(fu)合 GB8115要求(qiu)。每一包(bao)(bao)裝件必須(xu)是同一品(pin)種、同一品(pin)質、同等(deng)級的。包(bao)(bao)裝容器(qi)應符(fu)(fu)合衛(wei)生要求(qiu)，清(qing)潔干(gan)燥，無毒、無異味(wei)。保證適(shi)合運輸和儲存。

3、標(biao)識：符(fu)合農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)注(zhu)規定。還應在包裝外部印刷、粘貼或吊掛商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)志(zhi)應清(qing)晰、不易脫落或褪色。商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)志(zhi)應注(zhu)明(ming)以下(xia)內(nei)容： ——農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)名稱(cheng)、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)； ——產地(di)、生產者名稱(cheng)、地(di)址(zhi)、商(shang)(shang)標(biao)； ——包裝規格、凈重、等級； ——包裝日期、質檢人(ren)代號。

4、儲藏：亞麻籽的儲存(cun)按照中華人民共(gong)和國原商業部(bu)《糧油儲藏技術規(gui)范》的規(gui)定執行。

5、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)：亞麻籽的運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)按照中華人民共和國(guo)原(yuan)商(shang)業部糧油(you)(you)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)中《關于執(zhi)行國(guo)家糧油(you)(you)標(biao)準有(you)(you)關問題》的規定執(zhi)行。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工(gong)具應清潔衛(wei)生(sheng)，有(you)(you)防雨(yu)和通風(feng)設施(shi)。