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一.產品介紹

油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)又名胡麻(ma)(ma)，屬于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)科（Linaceae）、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)屬（Linum）、普通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)個變種(zhong)(zhong)，學(xue)名（Linum usitatissimum L），是(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草本植(zhi)物(wu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)，在全國(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)中位(wei)于油(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)、花生(sheng)(sheng)、大豆之后居(ju)第4位(wei)。種(zhong)(zhong)子含(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)一(yi)般為38～48％。前蘇聯曾育出(chu)(chu)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)達50.9％的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)味道香美(mei)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)良(liang)好(hao)，是(shi)(shi)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)，其突出(chu)(chu)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)含(han)有豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)不飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)，能被(bei)人體(ti)充(chong)分吸收，油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)因其具有用(yong)(yong)(yong)途廣(guang)，價(jia)值高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，故(gu)為世界各國(guo)廣(guang)泛(fan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)也是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)州區(qu)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要油(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)。 固原(yuan)(yuan)市原(yuan)(yuan)州區(qu)位(wei)于我國(guo)黃(huang)土(tu)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)，六盤山(shan)東(dong)(dong)麓，東(dong)(dong)鄰甘肅省的(de)(de)環(huan)縣(xian)、鎮原(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)；南接(jie)甘肅省的(de)(de)平涼市和(he)寧夏(xia)的(de)(de)涇源、隆德兩縣(xian)；西(xi)(xi)(xi)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)吉、海原(yuan)(yuan)兩縣(xian)接(jie)壤；北與同心縣(xian)相連。地(di)跨東(dong)(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。現有可耕地(di)面(mian)積155.47萬(wan)畝。本區(qu)屬溫(wen)帶半干旱氣(qi)候(hou)，海拔高(gao)(gao)度1470-2920米，年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無(wu)霜期135-160天(tian)，光照(zhao)(zhao)時數(shu)2400-2600小(xiao)時。年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)350-600mm，海拔高(gao)(gao)，光照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足(zu)，沒(mei)有工礦(kuang)企業污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，土(tu)壤以黑壚土(tu)、淺黑壚土(tu)為主(zhu)(zhu)，有機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)(gao)，富(fu)含(han)鉀素(su)(su)，PH值為7.8；灌溉水主(zhu)(zhu)要以天(tian)然(ran)降(jiang)水主(zhu)(zhu)為，地(di)下水補充(chong)灌溉為輔；農(nong)民因生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)緊缺(que)，化肥(fei)和(he)農(nong)藥施用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)少，施用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)家肥(fei)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)經高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)發酵腐熟的(de)(de)無(wu)害肥(fei)料(liao)(liao)，農(nong)田生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統無(wu)化學(xue)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，毒害性物(wu)質(zhi)積累殘留量(liang)極少，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)具備綠色無(wu)“污(wu)(wu)染(ran)”優勢，是(shi)(shi)理想的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)適宜溫(wen)和(he)涼爽、濕(shi)潤的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)。生(sheng)(sheng)育期間光照(zhao)(zhao)強有利(li)分枝，增加(jia)蒴果和(he)促進(jin)早熟。據研究，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)50㎏油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽實大約從土(tu)壤中吸收氮(dan)素(su)(su)3.13㎏，磷(lin)素(su)(su)0.91㎏，鉀素(su)(su)2.12㎏，氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀的(de)(de)吸收比例(li)為3：1：2。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)作(zuo)(zuo)為原(yuan)(yuan)州區(qu)主(zhu)(zhu)要優勢特(te)色農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積逐(zhu)年(nian)加(jia)大。近年(nian)來(lai)，引進(jin)寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)17號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)10號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)11號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)16號(hao)等(deng)(deng)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，建立健全了油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、供、銷生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)體(ti)系(xi)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)出(chu)(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)率高(gao)(gao)達45%，由(you)于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)富(fu)含(han)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)16.7%，a—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)酸(suan)40—60%，含(han)有人體(ti)必需的(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan)、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)A、E、B1和(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)元素(su)(su)及膳食(shi)纖(xian)維等(deng)(deng)，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)色、脫(tuo)酸(suan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優良(liang)，市場(chang)價(jia)格居(ju)高(gao)(gao)不下，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)、新疆(jiang)等(deng)(deng)地(di)。2008年(nian)，“原(yuan)(yuan)州油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)”獲得農(nong)業部(bu)地(di)理標志認(ren)(ren)定，油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地(di)被(bei)認(ren)(ren)定為無(wu)公害產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)已通過(guo)農(nong)業部(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)無(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證。2014年(nian)原(yuan)(yuan)州區(qu)創建了全國(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)。

二.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷史(shi)因素

1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況：地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)類型復雜多樣，土(tu)壤(rang)以黑壚土(tu)、湘黃土(tu)為主，pH7.8左右，土(tu)壤(rang)有機質含量(liang)1.0-1.5%，全(quan)(quan)氮含量(liang)0.021-0.111%，全(quan)(quan)磷含量(liang)0.10-0.215%全(quan)(quan)鉀(jia)含量(liang)2.19-2.53%。

2、水文情(qing)況：原州(zhou)區境(jing)內河流(liu)主要(yao)有(you)清(qing)水河，是(shi)黃河的一(yi)條支流(liu)，發源(yuan)于原州(zhou)區開(kai)(kai)城(cheng)鎮黑刺溝腦，由南向北流(liu)經原州(zhou)區、三(san)(san)營等城(cheng)鎮，到七(qi)營鎮的高崖出境(jing)，經同心、中寧入黃河。清(qing)水河上游開(kai)(kai)城(cheng)至固原縣(xian)城(cheng)一(yi)帶，河水礦化度為0.7克/升屬淡水，三(san)(san)營為2.6克/升，七(qi)營為6克/升。

3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況：本區(qu)屬(shu)溫帶半干旱(han)氣(qi)候(hou)，海(hai)拔高度(du)1470-2920米，年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫2160℃-2560℃，無(wu)霜期135-160天，光照時數(shu)2400-2600小時。年(nian)降(jiang)雨量350-650mm，降(jiang)水受地形影響，自南(nan)向北(bei)隨地勢降(jiang)低(di)而降(jiang)水逐漸減少，南(nan)北(bei)較差300mm。亞(ya)麻主產區(qu)主要分布在東部干旱(han)區(qu)、北(bei)部川區(qu)。

4、人文歷史情況(kuang)：原州(zhou)區在古代(dai)曾為(wei)(wei)游牧區，明代(dai)中(zhong)葉以后，由于(yu)戊(wu)邊(bian)、屯墾，人口增長較快耕墾日增。晚清以來(lai)，種植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)迅(xun)速擴(kuo)大，畜牧業(ye)相應縮小。原州(zhou)區油(you)用亞麻種植(zhi)(zhi)已有近2000年的種植(zhi)(zhi)歷史。油(you)用亞麻作為(wei)(wei)食用油(you)，以其品質優良，味香可(ke)口，深受西(xi)北、華北一帶人民(min)的喜愛。

三.地域范圍

固原市原州區位于我(wo)國黃土高原西部，六盤山東麓，東鄰甘(gan)肅(su)省的環縣、鎮原縣；南接(jie)甘(gan)肅(su)省的平涼(liang)市和寧(ning)夏的涇源、隆(long)德兩縣；西與西吉、海原兩縣接(jie)壤；北與同(tong)心縣相(xiang)連。地跨東經(jing)105°58′-106°30′，北緯(wei)35°34′-36°38′。面(mian)積3505.9平方公(gong)里(li)，現(xian)有可耕(geng)地面(mian)積120666.7公(gong)頃，總生產(chan)面(mian)積6700公(gong)頃，總產(chan)量6000噸。

四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、外在感官特(te)征(zheng)：油(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻：屬(shu)于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻科(Linaceae)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻屬(shu)(Linum)一年生(sheng)或多(duo)年生(sheng)草本植(zhi)物。目前世界(jie)上大(da)(da)田(tian)生(sheng)產栽培(pei)的約有(you)15個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而(er)生(sheng)產上栽培(pei)最為廣泛(fan)的為普通(tong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻栽培(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(Linum Usitatissimum) ，在普通(tong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻栽培(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)里(li)有(you)五個變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)具有(you)較(jiao)廣泛(fan)的栽培(pei)價值。即：油(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)、油(you)(you)纖兼用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)、纖維用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)、大(da)(da)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)及(ji)半冬性多(duo)莖匍匐(fu)型(xing)(xing)，本區境內(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)油(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)型(xing)(xing)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻，主栽品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)17號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)10號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)11號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)16號(hao)等(deng)。在我(wo)區旱塬地帶(dai)、北部川水區大(da)(da)面積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，是本區主要油(you)(you)料作(zuo)物之一。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻籽呈扁(bian)平卵形，表面亮澤，有(you)黃、白(bai)、棕、褐等(deng)色。

2、內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標：油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子和(he)(he)(he)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟價值，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)產品(pin)(pin)也有(you)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)子含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率(lv)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)35-40%，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)45%以(yi)上。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優良，味(wei)香(xiang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)口，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西北、華北一(yi)帶人民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中含有(you)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)，碘值很(hen)高(gao)(gao)，與空氣接觸(chu)容易氧(yang)化(hua)而干燥，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干性油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，在油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)漆、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)墨(mo)、涂料(liao)、皮革(ge)、橡膠(jiao)等工(gong)業有(you)廣(guang)泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)皮內含有(you)6-10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)膠(jiao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘合(he)劑，在制(zhi)(zhi)革(ge)、食(shi)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)、醫(yi)藥及(ji)國防(fang)上應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廣(guang)泛(fan)(fan)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提高(gao)(gao)人們生(sheng)活和(he)(he)(he)健康水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)資(zi)源。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)位較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其中亞(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)16.7%，a-亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)40-60%，還含有(you)人體必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan)、三種(zhong)(zhong)維(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素(su)（A、E、B1）和(he)(he)(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微量元素(su)以(yi)及(ji)膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)等，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽榨(zha)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)后餅粕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋白質(zhi)含量達(da)33.3%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)含量達(da)8.6%，無氮浸出(chu)物31.7%，纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)素(su)7.8%，可(ke)(ke)(ke)作為(wei)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼料(liao)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)配(pei)合(he)飼料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)餅粕含有(you)氮、磷、鉀三種(zhong)(zhong)營養成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份，經(jing)過漚制(zhi)(zhi)發酵，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農作物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)有(you)機肥料(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、纖(xian)兼用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)稈可(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)產纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)，一(yi)般(ban)出(chu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)率(lv)為(wei)12-15%。加(jia)(jia)工(gong)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)時剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)屑，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)壓(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)板，代替木料(liao)。剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)稈和(he)(he)(he)亂麻(ma)(ma)(ma)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)脫粒后剩(sheng)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果殼和(he)(he)(he)秕粒，俗稱“油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)衣”，可(ke)(ke)(ke)作豬飼料(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中起保健功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)a-亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)，它在油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中約占45%。研究證(zheng)明a-亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)在人體肝臟中，在脫飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)酶和(he)(he)(he)鏈(lian)延長酶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下，能(neng)夠生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)二(er)十(shi)碳五(wu)烯酸(suan)((EPA) 和(he)(he)(he)二(er)十(shi)二(er)碳六烯酸(suan)(DHA)，這 就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說a-亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)之(zhi)一(yi)，又是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)其它兩個(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)EPA和(he)(he)(he)DHA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)體。因此，人體缺乏ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)，既可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)直接補充EPA和(he)(he)(he)DHA，也可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)來(lai)獲得。

3、安全要求：本著“預防為主，綜合(he)防治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，綜合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物理、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、生物防治(zhi)(zhi)措施，盡(jin)量避免使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，堅決杜(du)絕高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留(liu)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要注(zhu)意品(pin)種、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對象及安全間隔期，以保證(zheng)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)不超(chao)標(biao)(biao)。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)全國農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)技中(zhong)心推薦的(de)(de)(de)(de)在無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)種。科學(xue)(xue)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)，嚴格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)不超(chao)標(biao)(biao)和嚴格(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)間隔期。對本產(chan)(chan)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)采取分點、分戶抽(chou)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法， 將(jiang)被抽(chou)檢(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料袋包裝(zhuang)運(yun)送到有資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)檢(jian)部門，按照NY 5306-2005《無公害食(shi)品(pin) 食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物油》檢(jian)驗標(biao)(biao)準進行檢(jian)測。產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境符合(he)《無公害食(shi)品(pin) 產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境評價準則》（NY/T5295-2004）標(biao)(biao)準和《無公害食(shi)品(pin)　蔬(shu)菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件》（NY/T5010-2002）的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準。

五.特定(ding)生產方(fang)式

1、產地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)：應選(xuan)前茬(cha)(cha)地(di)為小麥、豆(dou)類(lei)或蔬菜地(di)種(zhong)植，忌選(xuan)薯茬(cha)(cha)。輪作(zuo)年(nian)限(xian)3年(nian)以上(shang)。入選(xuan)田塊前作(zuo)收后要適時(shi)深耕，熟(shu)化(hua)土(tu)壤，白露及時(shi)收耱，冬(dong)春打碾保墑，為播種(zhong)出苗創造良(liang)好的土(tu)壤條件。

2、品種選擇：旱(han)地有(you)寧(ning)亞(ya)10號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)14號(hao)；水地有(you)寧(ning)亞(ya)17號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)11號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)16號(hao)和隴亞(ya)8號(hao)。

3、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理，包括(kuo)農業(ye)投入品方(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊使用(yong)規定：適時(shi)(shi)(shi)播種：種植時(shi)(shi)(shi)間為(wei)每(mei)年(nian)4月清(qing)(qing)明(ming)前后(hou)(hou)。播種方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)水地(di)采(cai)用(yong)機播，臺地(di)采(cai)用(yong)耬播。播量為(wei)：水地(di)為(wei)150-225公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，旱地(di)為(wei)60-75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。 田(tian)間管(guan)理： ①保全苗(miao)(miao)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)播種時(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)求精細整地(di)，土(tu)(tu)壤表層上虛下(xia)實(shi)。播種后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)壤不(bu)粘(zhan)結時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行鎮(zhen)壓(ya)一次，墑情差(cha)時(shi)(shi)(shi)播種后(hou)(hou)應立即鎮(zhen)壓(ya)一次，這對(dui)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)有十分重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。播種后(hou)(hou)遇雨，幼苗(miao)(miao)尚(shang)未出(chu)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)層形成板結層，要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)釘耙實(shi)行橫(heng)向破除，防止(zhi)幼苗(miao)(miao)窩(wo)黃不(bu)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)。 ②中(zhong)耕(geng)鋤草(cao)：確保土(tu)(tu)壤濕度良(liang)好和田(tian)間清(qing)(qing)潔無(wu)雜草(cao)。苗(miao)(miao)高6-9cm進(jin)(jin)行第(di)一次鋤草(cao)；苗(miao)(miao)高12-15cm進(jin)(jin)行第(di)二次鋤草(cao)。 ③肥(fei)(fei)水管(guan)理：亞麻(ma)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)30天（5月20日左(zuo)右）進(jin)(jin)行第(di)一次灌水，結合(he)灌水追施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素75-150公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)；孕蕾期（5月下(xia)旬-6月上旬）進(jin)(jin)行第(di)二次灌水，特(te)(te)別(bie)干旱時(shi)(shi)(shi)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)子粒(li)形成期灌第(di)三水。旱地(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此期間看下(xia)雨狀況(kuang)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素為(wei)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。 合(he)理施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)： 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)采(cai)用(yong)基肥(fei)(fei)、追肥(fei)(fei)相結合(he)，以無(wu)機促有機，以肥(fei)(fei)治薄，以肥(fei)(fei)調(diao)水，增施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)料是(shi)胡麻(ma)均衡增產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)關鍵性措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)上以秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)料為(wei)主。一般旱地(di)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)15000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳銨255公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普磷(lin)240公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)；水地(di)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)45000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普磷(lin)402公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳銨426公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)未秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)田(tian)塊應采(cai)用(yong)先施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)播種的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)。 病(bing)蟲害防治： 我(wo)區常見的(de)(de)病(bing)害主要(yao)是(shi)枯(ku)萎病(bing)、立枯(ku)病(bing)。蟲害有黑(hei)絨(rong)金(jin)龜甲。農事(shi)操作(zuo)防治一般采(cai)用(yong)輪(lun)作(zuo)倒茬3年(nian)以上、深耕(geng)翻曬、拔(ba)除田(tian)間病(bing)株、選用(yong)抗病(bing)品種等(deng)農業(ye)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

4、及時(shi)收(shou)獲：當亞麻上(shang)部葉片黃(huang)萎，下部葉片脫落，莖稈和75%蒴(shuo)果(guo)變(bian)黃(huang)色，種(zhong)子(zi)變(bian)硬時(shi)即可收(shou)獲。過早成熟不夠影響(xiang)產量；過晚蒴(shuo)果(guo)易(yi)爆裂，且種(zhong)皮(pi)變(bian)厚，降(jiang)低出(chu)油率(lv)。

5、生產記錄(lu)要求(qiu)：真實、準(zhun)確記錄(lu)油用(yong)亞(ya)麻從(cong)選地到(dao)收獲(huo)的生產全過(guo)程。

六.包裝標識相關規定

1、分(fen)(fen)級：一(yi)級：含(han)(han)油(you)(you)量(liang)（以標準水(shui)、雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)(ji)）36.0%，水(shui)分(fen)(fen)9.0，雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味(wei)正(zheng)常(chang)。二級：含(han)(han)油(you)(you)量(liang)（以標準水(shui)、雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)(ji)）35.0%，水(shui)分(fen)(fen)9.0，雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味(wei)正(zheng)常(chang)。 三級：含(han)(han)油(you)(you)量(liang)（以標準水(shui)、雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)(ji)）34.0%，水(shui)分(fen)(fen)9.0，雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)5.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味(wei)正(zheng)常(chang)。

2、包(bao)裝(zhuang)：包(bao)裝(zhuang)使用麻袋時(shi)應(ying)符(fu)(fu)合 GB8115要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。每一包(bao)裝(zhuang)件必須(xu)是同(tong)一品(pin)種、同(tong)一品(pin)質、同(tong)等級(ji)的。包(bao)裝(zhuang)容器(qi)應(ying)符(fu)(fu)合衛生要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，清(qing)潔干燥，無毒、無異味。保證適(shi)合運輸和(he)儲存。

3、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識：符合農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注規(gui)定。還應(ying)(ying)在包(bao)裝外部(bu)印刷、粘貼或(huo)吊掛商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應(ying)(ying)清晰、不易脫(tuo)落或(huo)褪色。商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應(ying)(ying)注明以下(xia)內容(rong)： ——農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、品(pin)(pin)種； ——產(chan)地、生(sheng)產(chan)者名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、地址、商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)； ——包(bao)裝規(gui)格(ge)、凈重、等級(ji)； ——包(bao)裝日期、質檢人(ren)代(dai)號。

4、儲(chu)藏(zang)(zang)：亞(ya)麻籽的儲(chu)存按照中華人民共和(he)國(guo)原(yuan)商業部(bu)《糧油(you)儲(chu)藏(zang)(zang)技術(shu)規范》的規定執行(xing)。

5、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)：亞麻籽(zi)的運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)按照中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)原商業部糧(liang)油運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)中(zhong)《關于執(zhi)行(xing)國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)油標準有(you)關問(wen)題》的規定執(zhi)行(xing)。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工(gong)具應清潔衛生，有(you)防雨和(he)通(tong)風(feng)設施。