一.產品介紹
隆(long)德馬鈴薯農產品地理標志(zhi)地域保護范圍為寧夏回(hui)族自治區隆(long)德縣城關鎮、沙塘鎮、神林(lin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、聯財鎮、好水鄉(xiang)(xiang)、觀莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)、楊河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、張程鄉(xiang)(xiang)、風嶺(ling)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、溫堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)、奠(dian)安鄉(xiang)(xiang)、山河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、陳靳鄉(xiang)(xiang)13個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,128個(ge)行政(zheng)村。地理坐(zuo)標為東(dong)經105°48′~106°15′,北緯(wei)35°21′~35°47′
二.自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況(kuang):地貌類型(xing)分(fen)為黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)丘陵(ling)溝(gou)壑區(占(zhan)(zhan)55.70%)、陰濕(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)石山(shan)區(占(zhan)(zhan)33.26%)、河(he)谷川道(dao)區(占(zhan)(zhan)11.04%)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)以灰碣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑壚土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主,占(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總(zong)面積的78.5%,黃綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)次之(zhi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)結構好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚且疏(shu)松,透(tou)氣性好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)微酸(suan),PH值在5.6-7.5之(zhi)間,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃,有機質含量1.35%,水(shui)解氮(dan)49.6g/kg,速效(xiao)磷 7.4g/kg ,速效(xiao)鉀 130.5g/kg。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):隆(long)德縣(xian)屬陰濕冷涼(liang)區,境內雨(yu)量較豐富,河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)縱橫,多為山地河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)。縣(xian)境內主要河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有渝(yu)河(he)(he)、葫(hu)蘆河(he)(he)、莊浪河(he)(he)、好水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)、朱莊河(he)(he)、什字河(he)(he)、清涼(liang)河(he)(he)和水(shui)(shui)洛河(he)(he)八大河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),這些河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)春夏(xia)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)充足、無污染,主要用于農田灌溉。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:隆(long)德(de)縣(xian)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征明(ming)顯,海拔(ba)介于1700-2500米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬(shu)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶季風區(qu)半(ban)(ban)濕潤向(xiang)半(ban)(ban)干旱過渡性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),春低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)少雨(yu),夏短(duan)暫多雹,秋陰澇霜(shuang)早(zao),冬嚴(yan)寒(han)綿(mian)長,素有(you)(you)“溽暑有(you)(you)風還透骨,芳春積雪不(bu)(bu)開(kai)(kai)花”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)5.1℃,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)區(qu)最(zui)低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)地(di)區(qu),1月(yue)份最(zui)低(di)(di),極值為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-25.7度;7月(yue)份最(zui)高(gao),極值為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)31.4度。年(nian)平均(jun)日照時(shi)數(shu)2228.1小時(shi),≥10℃的(de)(de)年(nian)有(you)(you)效積溫(wen)(wen)2340℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)110-120天。年(nian)均(jun)降雨(yu)量500-600mm,集中(zhong)在6-8 月(yue)分(fen)份,正值馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊莖(jing)膨大(da)需水最(zui)多的(de)(de)時(shi)期(qi)。 4、人(ren)文歷史(shi)情(qing)況:隆(long)德(de)縣(xian)境內(nei)居(ju)住(zhu)著漢、回(hui)、滿、藏4個(ge)民(min)族,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總人(ren)口(kou)21萬(wan)(wan)人(ren),農業(ye)人(ren)口(kou)19萬(wan)(wan)人(ren),占91.3%。據縣(xian)志記(ji)載,隆(long)德(de)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生產(chan)始于明(ming)末清(qing)初,大(da)約有(you)(you)300年(nian)左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)歷史(shi),農村(cun)有(you)(you)家(jia)家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)。由于自然條件(jian)優(you)越(yue),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)是隆(long)德(de)農民(min)群眾生產(chan)少不(bu)(bu)得(de)、生活離(li)不(bu)(bu)開(kai)(kai)、經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)缺不(bu)(bu)得(de)的(de)(de)重要作(zuo)物(wu)。2003年(nian)自治區(qu)黨委(wei)、人(ren)民(min)政府將馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)確(que)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)區(qu)四(si)(si)大(da)戰略性(xing)主導(dao)產(chan)品之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),隆(long)德(de)縣(xian)委(wei)、政府把馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)確(que)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)推(tui)動全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)經(jing)濟(ji)社(she)會(hui)快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)“四(si)(si)大(da)”支柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。2005年(nian)10月(yue)17日,回(hui)良(liang)玉副(fu)總理給(gei)首屆寧(ning)夏固原(yuan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)節的(de)(de)賀信中(zhong)指出(chu):“希望(wang)你們(men)以(yi)舉辦(ban)(ban)這次馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)節為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)契機,認真貫徹落(luo)實科學發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)觀,堅(jian)持以(yi)市場(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)導(dao)向(xiang),以(yi)科技(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)支撐,以(yi)加(jia)工為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)龍(long)頭(tou),努力將馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)做(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)強,做(zuo)出(chu)特色做(zuo)出(chu)品牌,使之(zhi)(zhi)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帶動農民(min)增收(shou)、促進(jin)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)重要支柱(zhu)產(chan)業(ye),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)設(she)社(she)會(hui)主義新農村(cun)和全(quan)(quan)面建(jian)設(she)小康社(she)會(hui)作(zuo)出(chu)更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)貢獻”。 隆(long)德(de)縣(xian)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)區(qu)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、加(jia)工的(de)(de)大(da)縣(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生產(chan)、加(jia)工、銷售呈現良(liang)好發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)勢頭(tou),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)業(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程明(ming)顯加(jia)快(kuai)。2007年(nian)2月(yue),隆(long)德(de)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)毒(du)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)繁育基(ji)地(di)在沙塘良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)建(jian)成,基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設(she)有(you)(you)力的(de)(de)推(tui)動了馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)“兩化(hua)”(種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)毒(du)化(hua),品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)專用化(hua))建(jian)設(she)步伐,形成了生產(chan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)毒(du)原(yuan)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)600萬(wan)(wan)粒(li)、原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1000噸(dun)、一(yi)級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3000噸(dun)的(de)(de)能力。2008年(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)11333公頃,總產(chan)達到33萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)以(yi)上。2005年(nian)10月(yue)在隆(long)德(de)縣(xian)成功舉辦(ban)(ban)了“首屆寧(ning)夏固原(yuan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)節”,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合開(kai)(kai)發(fa)利用創造了基(ji)礎條件(jian)。
三.地域范圍
隆德(de)縣(xian)(xian)位于六盤山西(xi)麓(lu)、寧南邊陲。東(dong)望關陜(shan),西(xi)眺河(he)洮,南走(zou)秦(qin)州,北(bei)(bei)通寧朔(shuo);襟帶秦(qin)涼,擁(yong)衛西(xi)輔。“312”國道(dao)縱(zong)貫東(dong)西(xi),隆(德(de))秦(qin)(安)省道(dao)和隆(德(de))張(易)縣(xian)(xian)道(dao)分別穿越南北(bei)(bei)。地(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經105°48′~106°15′,北(bei)(bei)緯35°21′~35°47′,南北(bei)(bei)長47公里,東(dong)西(xi)寬41公里,總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)985平方公里。 隆德(de)馬鈴薯地(di)理標志保護范圍為(wei)全縣(xian)(xian)13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮,分別為(wei)城關鎮、沙(sha)塘鎮、神林鄉(xiang)(xiang)、聯財(cai)鎮、好水鄉(xiang)(xiang)、觀莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)、楊河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、張程(cheng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、風嶺(ling)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、溫堡鄉(xiang)(xiang)、奠安鄉(xiang)(xiang)、山河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、陳(chen)靳鄉(xiang)(xiang),共轄128個行政村,縣(xian)(xian)境土地(di)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)9.92萬(wan)公頃,耕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)4.3萬(wan)公頃,保護面(mian)積(ji)1.3萬(wan)公頃,現(xian)有種植面(mian)積(ji)1.13萬(wan)公頃,總(zong)產量33萬(wan)噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外在感官特征:隆德(de)馬鈴薯個體(ti)均勻,呈圓形和橢圓形,色彩為淡(dan)青色。
2、內在品質指標(biao)(biao):粗淀粉17.85g/100g,維(wei)生(sheng)素C15.57g/100g,干物(wu)質23.6g/100g。 3、安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu):大氣、灌(guan)溉水、地面水、藥(yao)防(fang)執行標(biao)(biao)準(zhun) GB3095—1996大氣質量標(biao)(biao)準(zhun) GB5084—1992農田灌(guan)溉水質標(biao)(biao)準(zhun) GB3838—1988國家地面水質量標(biao)(biao)準(zhun) GB4285—1989農藥(yao)安(an)全使用標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)
五.特定生產方式(shi)
1、產(chan)地選擇(ze):選擇(ze)排灌條件好、土質較輕、土壤耕層深(shen)厚(hou),理化性(xing)狀良好,保水(shui)保肥力強的地塊。
2、品(pin)(pin)種選擇(ze)及特定要求:選擇(ze)脫毒的馬鈴薯(shu)種薯(shu)作為生產用(yong)種。根據市場商品(pin)(pin)要求,菜用(yong)型選擇(ze)寧薯(shu)4號(hao),寧薯(shu)8號(hao)、青薯(shu)168、青薯(shu)2號(hao)等品(pin)(pin)種,淀粉型選擇(ze)隴薯(shu)3號(hao)、大白花等。種植方式實行雙(shuang)行靠種植,寬行行距50-60厘米(mi)(mi),窄行行距20厘米(mi)(mi),株(zhu)距33-47厘米(mi)(mi)。一般早熟品(pin)(pin)種畝保苗4500株(zhu)左(zuo)右(you),中熟品(pin)(pin)種畝保苗4000-4500株(zhu),晚熟品(pin)(pin)種保苗3500-4000株(zhu)。
3、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li):實(shi)行(xing)二茬以上輪作(zuo)(zuo),以麥類、豆類、玉米等為(wei)前茬,禁忌與茄科作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)連(lian)作(zuo)(zuo)。整(zheng)地(di)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei):前茬作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)收(shou)獲后徹底(di)清潔田園,入冬時深翻(fan),同時撒施(shi)農家肥(fei)(fei)1500-2500公斤/畝,耕深25cm,播(bo)種前耙(pa)細、耙(pa)勻,做(zuo)到上松(song)(song)下實(shi)。生產(chan)(chan)(chan)中推(tui)廣“脫毒良種、適時早播(bo),增施(shi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)、平衡施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),深松(song)(song)整(zheng)地(di)、雙行(xing)壟(long)作(zuo)(zuo),密度(du)(du)(du)四千(qian)、壟(long)土三(san)次,綜防病蟲、科學管(guan)理(li)(li)”40字綜合配套技(ji)術。 為(wei)加強(qiang)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)高標準(zhun)高質量的(de)馬鈴薯,完善質量控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)系,特制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定以下各項管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du),進行(xing)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li):一是基地(di)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);二是農業投入品管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);三(san)是技(ji)術指導(dao)和推(tui)廣制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);四是培訓制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);五(wu)是環境(jing)保護制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);六是監督管(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。
4、產品收(shou)獲(huo):馬鈴薯莖葉全部由綠變黃、塊莖停(ting)止(zhi)膨大后,根據鮮(xian)薯上市或銷售、貯藏時間適期(qi)收(shou)獲(huo)。收(shou)獲(huo)前(qian)一周殺(sha)秧,收(shou)獲(huo)的鮮(xian)薯先要充分攤晾,待薯皮木栓化后方可運輸、貯藏。
5、生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求:對產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)地點,土壤(rang)耕作(zuo)茬口,所使用農(nong)機具,施(shi)(shi)用肥料名(ming)稱、施(shi)(shi)肥方式、時間、施(shi)(shi)肥量(liang),播種、收獲時間,施(shi)(shi)用農(nong)藥(yao)名(ming)稱、方式、時間及施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)對象(xiang),產(chan)品收獲、銷售(shou)等項目的(de)日期(qi)、方式、數量(liang)等進(jin)行詳(xiang)細的(de)記(ji)錄(lu)。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定(ding)
1、包(bao)裝(zhuang)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)方(fang)式上采(cai)用箱式包(bao)裝(zhuang)和袋(dai)式包(bao)裝(zhuang)兩種(zhong)。標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人應在(zai)其產(chan)品或包(bao)裝(zhuang)上使(shi)(shi)用“隆德馬鈴薯”字樣和農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)識組合標(biao)注型(xing)式。每一包(bao)裝(zhuang)上應標(biao)明產(chan)于何處、產(chan)品的標(biao)準編號(hao)、商標(biao)、生產(chan)單位名(ming)稱、詳細地址、規格、凈含量和采(cai)收日期、包(bao)裝(zhuang)日期等(deng),標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)上的字跡要清晰、完整、準確。
2、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu):運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)過程中,注意嚴(yan)防雨(yu)淋,嚴(yan)禁用含殘毒污(wu)染(ran)的倉(cang)庫和(he)車廂,不允許(xu)和(he)有毒物(wu)品混裝(zhuang)混放(fang)。