一.產品介紹
隆德(de)馬鈴薯(shu)農產品(pin)地理標志地域保護范圍為寧夏回族自治區隆德(de)縣城關鎮(zhen)、沙塘鎮(zhen)、神林(lin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、聯(lian)財鎮(zhen)、好水鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、觀莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、楊河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、張程鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、風嶺鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、溫堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、奠安鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、山河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、陳靳鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),128個行政村。地理坐標為東(dong)經105°48′~106°15′,北緯(wei)35°21′~35°47′
二.自然生態環(huan)境和人(ren)文歷史因素(su)
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情(qing)況:地貌類型(xing)分(fen)為黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)丘陵溝(gou)壑區(qu)(qu)(占(zhan)55.70%)、陰濕土(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)山區(qu)(qu)(占(zhan)33.26%)、河谷川道區(qu)(qu)(占(zhan)11.04%)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型(xing)以灰碣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑壚(lu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主,占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤總面積的78.5%,黃(huang)綿(mian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)次之,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤結構好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚且疏松(song),透氣性好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤微酸,PH值在5.6-7.5之間,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥沃,有機質(zhi)含量1.35%,水解(jie)氮49.6g/kg,速(su)效(xiao)磷 7.4g/kg ,速(su)效(xiao)鉀 130.5g/kg。
2、水(shui)文(wen)情況:隆德縣屬陰(yin)濕冷涼區,境內(nei)雨(yu)量較豐富,河(he)(he)流(liu)縱橫,多為山地河(he)(he)流(liu)。縣境內(nei)主(zhu)要河(he)(he)流(liu)有渝河(he)(he)、葫(hu)蘆河(he)(he)、莊(zhuang)浪河(he)(he)、好(hao)水(shui)河(he)(he)、朱莊(zhuang)河(he)(he)、什字河(he)(he)、清涼河(he)(he)和水(shui)洛(luo)河(he)(he)八大河(he)(he)流(liu),這些(xie)河(he)(he)流(liu)春夏蓄水(shui)充足、無污染(ran),主(zhu)要用于農田灌溉。
3、氣(qi)候情況(kuang):隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)縣氣(qi)候特征明(ming)顯,海(hai)拔介(jie)于(yu)1700-2500米之間。氣(qi)候屬中溫(wen)帶季風區(qu)半濕(shi)潤向(xiang)半干旱過(guo)渡性氣(qi)候,春低(di)溫(wen)少雨(yu),夏短暫多雹(bao),秋(qiu)陰澇(lao)霜早(zao),冬嚴(yan)寒(han)綿長,素有(you)(you)“溽暑有(you)(you)風還透(tou)骨,芳(fang)春積雪不(bu)開花”之說。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)5.1℃,為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)區(qu)最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)地(di)區(qu),1月份(fen)最低(di),極值為(wei)(wei)(wei)-25.7度(du);7月份(fen)最高,極值為(wei)(wei)(wei)31.4度(du)。年(nian)(nian)平均日(ri)照(zhao)時數2228.1小時,≥10℃的年(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)效積溫(wen)2340℃,無霜期110-120天。年(nian)(nian)均降(jiang)雨(yu)量500-600mm,集中在6-8 月分份(fen),正值馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊(kuai)莖膨大(da)需水最多的時期。 4、人文(wen)歷史情況(kuang):隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)縣境內居(ju)住著漢、回、滿、藏4個民(min)(min)族,全(quan)縣總(zong)人口(kou)21萬(wan)(wan)人,農業(ye)(ye)(ye)人口(kou)19萬(wan)(wan)人,占91.3%。據縣志記載,隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)始于(yu)明(ming)末清初,大(da)約有(you)(you)300年(nian)(nian)左右的歷史,農村(cun)有(you)(you)家家種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)的經(jing)驗。由于(yu)自(zi)然條件(jian)優越,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積不(bu)斷擴大(da)。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)是隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)農民(min)(min)群(qun)眾生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)少不(bu)得(de)、生(sheng)活離(li)不(bu)開、經(jing)濟發(fa)展缺不(bu)得(de)的重(zhong)(zhong)要作物(wu)。2003年(nian)(nian)自(zi)治區(qu)黨委(wei)、人民(min)(min)政府將馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)確定為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)區(qu)四大(da)戰略性主導產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)之一(yi),隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)縣委(wei)、政府把馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)確定為(wei)(wei)(wei)推(tui)動全(quan)縣經(jing)濟社會快(kuai)速發(fa)展的“四大(da)”支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)之一(yi)。2005年(nian)(nian)10月17日(ri),回良玉副總(zong)理給(gei)首(shou)屆(jie)寧夏固(gu)原(yuan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)節(jie)的賀信中指(zhi)出:“希望你們以(yi)(yi)舉辦(ban)這(zhe)次(ci)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)節(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)契(qi)機(ji),認(ren)真貫徹落實科(ke)學發(fa)展觀,堅持以(yi)(yi)市(shi)場(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)導向(xiang),以(yi)(yi)科(ke)技為(wei)(wei)(wei)支(zhi)撐,以(yi)(yi)加(jia)工為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍頭,努力(li)將馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)大(da)做(zuo)(zuo)強,做(zuo)(zuo)出特色做(zuo)(zuo)出品(pin)(pin)牌(pai),使之成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)帶動農民(min)(min)增收(shou)、促進(jin)經(jing)濟發(fa)展的重(zhong)(zhong)要支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye),為(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)設(she)社會主義新農村(cun)和全(quan)面建(jian)設(she)小康社會作出更大(da)的貢獻”。 隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)縣作為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)區(qu)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)、加(jia)工的大(da)縣之一(yi),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、加(jia)工、銷售呈現良好發(fa)展勢頭,馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)化進(jin)程明(ming)顯加(jia)快(kuai)。2007年(nian)(nian)2月,隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)(tuo)毒種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)繁育基地(di)在沙塘(tang)良種(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng),基地(di)建(jian)設(she)有(you)(you)力(li)的推(tui)動了馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)“兩化”(種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)(tuo)毒化,品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)專用(yong)化)建(jian)設(she)步伐,形成(cheng)(cheng)了生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)(tuo)毒原(yuan)原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)600萬(wan)(wan)粒、原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)1000噸、一(yi)級種(zhong)(zhong)3000噸的能力(li)。2008年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)11333公(gong)頃,總(zong)產(chan)(chan)達到33萬(wan)(wan)噸以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。2005年(nian)(nian)10月在隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)縣成(cheng)(cheng)功舉辦(ban)了“首(shou)屆(jie)寧夏固(gu)原(yuan)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)節(jie)”,為(wei)(wei)(wei)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)資源的綜合開發(fa)利用(yong)創造(zao)了基礎條件(jian)。
三.地域范圍
隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)縣(xian)位于六盤山(shan)西(xi)麓、寧南(nan)(nan)邊陲。東(dong)(dong)(dong)望關(guan)陜,西(xi)眺河洮,南(nan)(nan)走秦州,北(bei)通寧朔;襟帶秦涼,擁衛西(xi)輔。“312”國道縱貫東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi),隆(long)(long)(long)(德(de)(de))秦(安)省道和隆(long)(long)(long)(德(de)(de))張(易)縣(xian)道分別穿(chuan)越南(nan)(nan)北(bei)。地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)經105°48′~106°15′,北(bei)緯35°21′~35°47′,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長47公(gong)(gong)里,東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬41公(gong)(gong)里,總面積985平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。 隆(long)(long)(long)德(de)(de)馬鈴薯地理標(biao)志保護(hu)范圍(wei)為(wei)全縣(xian)13個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen),分別為(wei)城關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、沙塘鎮(zhen)(zhen)、神林鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、聯(lian)財(cai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、好水鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、觀莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、楊河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、張程鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、風嶺鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、溫堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、奠安鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、山(shan)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、陳靳(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),共轄128個(ge)行政村,縣(xian)境土地總面積9.92萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃,耕地面積4.3萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃,保護(hu)面積1.3萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃,現有種植面積1.13萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃,總產量33萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官(guan)特征:隆(long)德馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)個體均勻,呈(cheng)圓形和(he)橢(tuo)圓形,色(se)彩為淡青(qing)色(se)。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標:粗淀粉17.85g/100g,維生(sheng)素C15.57g/100g,干物質(zhi)23.6g/100g。 3、安全(quan)要求:大(da)氣、灌溉水、地(di)面水、藥防執行標準 GB3095—1996大(da)氣質(zhi)量(liang)標準 GB5084—1992農(nong)(nong)田灌溉水質(zhi)標準 GB3838—1988國(guo)家地(di)面水質(zhi)量(liang)標準 GB4285—1989農(nong)(nong)藥安全(quan)使用標準
五.特定生產方式
1、產地(di)選擇(ze):選擇(ze)排(pai)灌條(tiao)件好、土(tu)質(zhi)較輕、土(tu)壤耕層深厚,理化性狀良好,保(bao)水保(bao)肥力強(qiang)的地(di)塊。
2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)及特定要求:選(xuan)擇(ze)脫(tuo)毒的馬(ma)鈴薯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯作為生產用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根(gen)據市(shi)場商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)要求,菜(cai)用(yong)型選(xuan)擇(ze)寧薯4號(hao)(hao),寧薯8號(hao)(hao)、青(qing)薯168、青(qing)薯2號(hao)(hao)等品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),淀粉型選(xuan)擇(ze)隴薯3號(hao)(hao)、大白花等。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植方式實行(xing)雙(shuang)行(xing)靠種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,寬行(xing)行(xing)距50-60厘(li)(li)米(mi),窄行(xing)行(xing)距20厘(li)(li)米(mi),株距33-47厘(li)(li)米(mi)。一般早熟品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畝(mu)保苗4500株左右,中(zhong)熟品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畝(mu)保苗4000-4500株,晚熟品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保苗3500-4000株。
3、生(sheng)產過程管(guan)理:實行(xing)(xing)二茬以上輪作,以麥(mai)類(lei)、豆類(lei)、玉米(mi)等為前茬,禁(jin)忌與茄科作物連(lian)作。整地施肥(fei):前茬作物收獲(huo)后徹(che)底(di)清潔(jie)田園,入冬時深翻,同時撒施農(nong)家肥(fei)1500-2500公斤/畝,耕深25cm,播種前耙細、耙勻,做(zuo)到上松下實。生(sheng)產中推廣“脫毒良種、適時早播,增施磷鉀、平衡施肥(fei),深松整地、雙(shuang)行(xing)(xing)壟作,密度(du)(du)(du)四千(qian)、壟土三(san)次,綜防病(bing)蟲、科學(xue)管(guan)理”40字綜合配套技術。 為加強生(sheng)產高標準高質量(liang)的馬(ma)鈴薯(shu),完善質量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)體系,特制(zhi)(zhi)定以下各項管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du),進行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產過程管(guan)理:一是(shi)基地生(sheng)產管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);二是(shi)農(nong)業投(tou)入品管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);三(san)是(shi)技術指導和推廣制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);四是(shi)培(pei)訓制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);五是(shi)環境保護制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du);六是(shi)監(jian)督管(guan)理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)。
4、產(chan)品收獲(huo):馬鈴(ling)薯(shu)莖(jing)(jing)葉全(quan)部由綠變黃、塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)停(ting)止膨大后(hou),根據鮮(xian)薯(shu)上市或銷售、貯藏(zang)時(shi)間適期收獲(huo)。收獲(huo)前一周殺(sha)秧,收獲(huo)的鮮(xian)薯(shu)先要充分攤晾(liang),待薯(shu)皮木栓化后(hou)方可運輸、貯藏(zang)。
5、生產記錄(lu)要(yao)求:對產品生產地點(dian),土壤(rang)耕作(zuo)茬口,所(suo)使用農機具,施(shi)用肥料(liao)名稱、施(shi)肥方(fang)式(shi)、時間(jian)、施(shi)肥量(liang),播種、收獲時間(jian),施(shi)用農藥名稱、方(fang)式(shi)、時間(jian)及施(shi)藥對象,產品收獲、銷售等項目的日(ri)期、方(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)等進(jin)行詳細的記錄(lu)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
1、包(bao)裝標(biao)(biao)(biao)志:在包(bao)裝方(fang)式(shi)(shi)上采用箱(xiang)式(shi)(shi)包(bao)裝和袋式(shi)(shi)包(bao)裝兩種。標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用人應(ying)在其產(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用“隆德馬鈴薯”字樣(yang)和農產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注型式(shi)(shi)。每(mei)一包(bao)裝上應(ying)標(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)于何(he)處、產(chan)品(pin)的標(biao)(biao)(biao)準編號、商標(biao)(biao)(biao)、生產(chan)單位名(ming)稱、詳細地址、規格、凈含量和采收日(ri)期(qi)、包(bao)裝日(ri)期(qi)等,標(biao)(biao)(biao)志上的字跡要清晰(xi)、完整、準確(que)。
2、運輸:運輸過(guo)程中,注意嚴(yan)防雨(yu)淋,嚴(yan)禁用含(han)殘毒污染的倉庫和車廂,不允許和有毒物品混(hun)裝混(hun)放。