一.產品介紹
中寧縣(xian)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植自上(shang)世(shi)紀五十(shi)年(nian)代開始在鳴沙(sha)鎮二道溝興起,至2015年(nian)底全(quan)縣(xian)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積發(fa)展到32.5萬畝,分(fen)布在白馬(ma)鄉、鳴沙(sha)鎮、徐套鄉、喊(han)叫水(shui)鄉。硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)是(shi)壓砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)地上(shang)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),所謂(wei)壓砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)地是(shi)指(zhi)在干(gan)旱(han)山坡地表面,覆蓋(gai)一(yi)層厚(hou)15厘米左右的(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫(li),通過砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫(li)層的(de)(de)(de)蓄水(shui)、保(bao)墑(di)(di)、增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)溫(wen)等作(zuo)(zuo)用,提高(gao)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)、甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)品質,同時隨著砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫(li)石的(de)(de)(de)逐步風化,釋放(fang)出(chu)礦(kuang)物(wu)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su),隨雨水(shui)沖刷入土(tu),被植物(wu)根系(xi)吸收,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)甘甜爽口,富含(han)硒(xi)(xi)(xi)、鐵(tie)、鋅等對(dui)(dui)人體(ti)健(jian)康有(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su),故名為(wei)“硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)”。獨特的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候打(da)造了中寧硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)優質品質,中寧縣(xian)全(quan)年(nian)日照時數2845小(xiao)時,日照百分(fen)率在60%以上(shang),無(wu)霜期(qi)153天,有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)積溫(wen)3349℃,5-8月(yue)份晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)一(yi)般在15.5℃-12.6℃之間,得天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)光熱資源(yuan),砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫(li)鋪壓的(de)(de)(de)節水(shui)、增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)溫(wen)、保(bao)墑(di)(di)效(xiao)(xiao)果,為(wei)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)同化作(zuo)(zuo)用,減少異(yi)化作(zuo)(zuo)用對(dui)(dui)養分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)消耗,積聚大(da)量(liang)糖份、維生(sheng)素(su)、氨基(ji)酸(suan)和多種(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)提供了獨特的(de)(de)(de)自然條件(jian)。“早穿皮襖午披紗,晚上(shang)圍著火(huo)爐(lu)吃西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)”是(shi)該地區(qu)氣(qi)候特點的(de)(de)(de)真實寫(xie)照,據農業部有(you)關部門(men)檢測(ce),中寧硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)不僅含(han)有(you)鋅、鈣、鉀、硒(xi)(xi)(xi)等微(wei)(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su),還含(han)有(you)維生(sheng)素(su)、胡蘿卜素(su)和18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基(ji)酸(suan),十(shi)分(fen)有(you)利于人們身體(ti)健(jian)康,尤其硒(xi)(xi)(xi)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)可(ke)使人延緩衰老,增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強免疫(yi)力,延年(nian)益(yi)壽。硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)耐貯藏,放(fang)置在家里、辦公(gong)室等自然條件(jian)下5個月(yue)不腐爛;耐運輸,長途拉運數千公(gong)里,完(wan)好無(wu)損,是(shi)目(mu)前國內市場最易儲藏販運的(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色食品。
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
1、土壤(rang)地貌:中(zhong)寧(ning)縣(xian)北部為衛(wei)寧(ning)北山(shan)(shan)及丘陵,中(zhong)部為黃(huang)河沖積平(ping)原,東部和東南(nan)部為山(shan)(shan)地(牛首山(shan)(shan)、煙筒(tong)山(shan)(shan))與丘陵,西南(nan)部為清水河河谷(gu)平(ping)原和米缽(bo)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地。土壤(rang)營養充足切處于平(ping)衡狀態,:pH值8.28、汞0.03mg/kg、鉛13.4 mg/kg、鎘0.16 mg/kg、砷(shen)11.9 mg/kg、鉻60.5 mg/kg、銅19.5 mg/kg。
2、水文情(qing)況(kuang):黃(huang)河流(liu)經68千米,年均流(liu)量325億(yi)立方(fang)米。清水河流(liu)量1.24億(yi)立方(fang)米。境內七星渠、躍進渠、固(gu)海渠、北灘渠4條(tiao)主干渠為主要(yao)灌溉渠道(dao)。湖泊總面積445公(gong)頃。硒砂(sha)瓜種植基地(di)屬靠(kao)天然(ran)降水的旱(han)作農業(ye)區,主要(yao)為山坡地(di)和(he)(he)丘(qiu)陵地(di),遠離(li)城區和(he)(he)工礦業(ye)區,產地(di)內無(wu)污染(ran)企業(ye)和(he)(he)其(qi)它污染(ran)源(yuan)。
3、氣候情(qing)況; 中寧縣(xian)屬大陸性氣候,冬長(chang)(chang)夏短,溫差較(jiao)大,干旱(han)少雨,蒸發(fa)強(qiang)烈,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,熱量豐富。年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫9.1℃。該地區生長(chang)(chang)季節日照(zhao)(zhao)時數1080小(xiao)時,日照(zhao)(zhao)百分(fen)率在(zai)65%,無(wu)霜期165天,有效積溫2529.3℃,5-8月份(fen)晝夜溫差一般在(zai)15.5℃-12.6℃之(zhi)間,年(nian)(nian)降水量221.6毫米,多集中在(zai)7、8、9月。年(nian)(nian)蒸發(fa)量2055.3毫米,為(wei)降水量的(de)9.3倍。年(nian)(nian)均相對濕度為(wei)52%。年(nian)(nian)太陽輻射總量5924兆焦(jiao)耳/㎡。春季多風,年(nian)(nian)均風速為(wei)2.9米/秒,最大風力為(wei)12級。“早穿皮襖午披(pi)紗(sha),晚上(shang)圍(wei)著火爐吃西瓜(gua)”是(shi)該地區氣候特點(dian)的(de)真實(shi)寫(xie)照(zhao)(zhao)。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)(shi)情況:壓砂(sha)(sha)地(di)上積(ji)(ji)聚了(le)我縣(xian)(xian)幾代勞動人(ren)民勤勞智慧的(de)結晶,我縣(xian)(xian)從(cong)上世(shi)紀(ji)四十年(nian)代開始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)中寧(ning)硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),已有70多(duo)年(nian)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。過去苦于(yu)缺乏(fa)資金、交通不便(bian)、沒有政(zheng)策(ce)、受生(sheng)(sheng)活所迫(po),群眾自發(fa)地(di)零星種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),只是(shi)把(ba)硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)作為一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)副業。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),首先要(yao)在荒地(di)鋪上砂(sha)(sha)礫,由于(yu)過去交通運輸(shu)不便(bian),造成(cheng)(cheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)壓砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)投(tou)資時間(jian)(jian)長,產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)效益(yi)時間(jian)(jian)更長,加(jia)上種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)多(duo)年(nian)后要(yao)倒茬,所以在上世(shi)紀(ji)70年(nian)代當地(di)人(ren)們對壓砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)有一(yi)(yi)句順口溜“苦死(si)老子(zi)(zi)(zi)、富死(si)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、愁死(si)孫子(zi)(zi)(zi)”。但隨著(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)平的(de)不斷提高,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)逐(zhu)步擴(kuo)大,和水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)的(de)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步解(jie)決(jue),機(ji)械化(hua)裝備水(shui)(shui)平的(de)提高,勞動程度明(ming)顯降(jiang)低,上世(shi)紀(ji)90年(nian)代壓砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)進(jin)入快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段。硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)被當地(di)百(bai)姓稱為“石頭里(li)長出的(de)西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)”,是(shi)當地(di)人(ren)民充分利用山地(di)資源(yuan)優勢發(fa)展(zhan)起來的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)色種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)模(mo)式,在世(shi)界上也可以說是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獨創,不僅(jin)實現了(le)可觀的(de)經(jing)濟效益(yi),同時也產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)顯的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態效益(yi)和社(she)會效益(yi),減(jian)少了(le)土地(di)荒漠化(hua)面積(ji)(ji),提高了(le)土地(di)利用率(lv),帶動了(le)二、三(san)產(chan)業的(de)快(kuai)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan),到(dao)2008年(nian)我縣(xian)(xian)喊(han)叫水(shui)(shui)鄉、鳴沙鎮(zhen)、白馬鄉等鎮(zhen)鄉硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)面積(ji)(ji)累計(ji)達(da)到(dao)2.3萬公傾(qing),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)農(nong)戶達(da)到(dao)6000戶,成(cheng)(cheng)為寧(ning)夏中部干旱帶農(nong)民“拔窮根”的(de)產(chan)業。
三.地域范圍
中寧(ning)縣(xian)地(di)處寧(ning)夏中部,衛(wei)寧(ning)灌區(qu)的(de)東段。東經(jing)105°26′-106°07′,北緯(wei)37°9′-73°50′之(zhi)間,海(hai)拔1184米(mi)(mi)。東臨利通區(qu)、青銅峽,西依中衛(wei)城(cheng)區(qu),南接同心(xin)縣(xian),北靠內蒙古阿拉善(shan)左旗(qi),縣(xian)境東西寬約50千米(mi)(mi),南北長約60千米(mi)(mi),全縣(xian)面積4198平方公里。中寧(ning)硒砂瓜種植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)主要分布在(zai)白馬(ma)鄉、鳴沙鎮、恩和鎮、舟塔鄉、喊叫水(shui)鄉,種植(zhi)(zhi)面積達2.3萬(wan)公傾,總產量52萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感(gan)觀特(te)征:中寧硒砂瓜個大皮后,果實為橢圓形,果皮濃(nong)綠色(se)條帶。2、內在的(de)(de)品質指標(biao):獨特(te)的(de)(de)種(zhong)植方式和(he)自然條件,生(sheng)產的(de)(de)西(xi)瓜個大、瓤(rang)紅、汁多、果肉鮮嫩、甘甜如(ru)蜜,糖分高(gao)達(da)13.8%。生(sheng)產出(chu)的(de)(de)瓜營(ying)養元(yuan)素(su)含(han)量(liang)全面合理。其(qi)中:人體(ti)必(bi)需的(de)(de)氨基(ji)酸18種(zhong),維生(sheng)素(su)3種(zhong),微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)5種(zhong),其(qi)中含(han)鈣56mg/kg、鉀1090mg/kg,特(te)別含(han)有人體(ti)保健(jian)必(bi)需的(de)(de)硒和(he)鋅等微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su),有延年益(yi)壽、抗衰老(lao)、抗癌作用,獨具保健(jian)價值,因之得(de)名(ming)“硒砂瓜”,是真正無污染(ran)的(de)(de)綠色(se)食品。
3、安全(quan)要求(qiu):中寧(ning)硒砂瓜嚴格按照(NY5109-2005)標準執(zhi)行。
五.特定生產(chan)方式(shi)
1、產地選擇(ze):在干旱(han)地選擇(ze)地勢平(ping)坦或坡(po)度小、土層深(shen)厚、肥力中上(shang)、向陽的(de)歇茬山地或麥地、豆(dou)茬地作為壓砂的(de)田塊。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇:選用抗(kang)病、抗(kang)旱(han)、優質、豐(feng)產、耐貯(zhu)運、商品性好(hao)的品種(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)子質量應符合瓜菜作(zuo)物種(zhong)(zhong)子的要求。可選用黑美人、新金(jin)蘭、金(jin)城5號、西農8號、高(gao)抗(kang)冠龍等品種(zhong)(zhong)。
3、生產(chan)過程管理(li):在硒砂瓜生產(chan)過程中,山地壓砂、種子處理(li)、病蟲害防治是生產(chan)的(de)關鍵環節。
①砂(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)鋪設(she) 選(xuan)擇地(di)(di)勢平坦或(huo)坡度(du)小、土(tu)層深厚(hou)(hou)(hou)、肥力(li)中上(shang)、向陽的(de)(de)(de)歇茬山(shan)地(di)(di)或(huo)麥地(di)(di)、豆(dou)茬地(di)(di)作為(wei)壓(ya)砂(sha)(sha)的(de)(de)(de)田塊。在干旱地(di)(di)區所(suo)采用的(de)(de)(de)鋪壓(ya)砂(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)合物(wu)(砂(sha)(sha)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)合物(wu)比(bi)例3:7或(huo)4:6,壓(ya)砂(sha)(sha)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)15-20厘(li)米(mi)),以(yi)蓄水、保墑、壓(ya)堿并提高地(di)(di)溫種植(zhi)作物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)一類(lei)宜耕地(di)(di)。壓(ya)砂(sha)(sha)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)視砂(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)粗(cu)細(xi)程度(du)確定,砂(sha)(sha)粗(cu)鋪設(she)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)些(xie),砂(sha)(sha)細(xi)鋪設(she)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)薄些(xie)。砂(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)合物(wu)比(bi)例以(yi)4:6為(wei)宜。一般(ban)畝(mu)壓(ya)砂(sha)(sha)用量(liang)在100-120立方米(mi)。土(tu)壤在鋪設(she)前應(ying)犁(li)地(di)(di)曬伐,增(zeng)加養分。
②種(zhong)子(zi)處理措施 種(zhong)子(zi)要購(gou)買優質品種(zhong),采(cai)用溫燙湯(tang)浸種(zhong)、高猛(meng)酸鉀消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)法、多菌靈(ling)或福爾馬林消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)法統(tong)一(yi)進行種(zhong)子(zi)消(xiao)(xiao)毒(du)處理后(hou)播種(zhong)。
③切實加強病(bing)蟲(chong)害防治 采(cai)取農業綜(zong)合措(cuo)施(shi),合理進行輪作倒茬,減輕病(bing)害發生(sheng)。常用(yong)的輪作方(fang)式(shi)有以下三種:
①錯位(wei)稀植倒茬(cha);
②西瓜(gua)-甜瓜(gua)-歇茬法;
③瓜-麥輪作法(fa)。 加強病蟲(chong)害預測預報(bao),及(ji)時(shi)掌握蟲(chong)口(kou)密(mi)度,發布病蟲(chong)害預警情報(bao);在有(you)條(tiao)件的(de)地區開展統防(fang)統治。按照農藥安全合(he)作標準(zhun)(zhun)和農藥合(he)理使用準(zhun)(zhun)則的(de)要求進行,積極推廣生(sheng)物防(fang)治,合(he)理進行化學防(fang)治。 藥劑(ji)防(fang)治應遵(zun)循的(de)原則:
a嚴格執行國(guo)家有關規定(ding),禁止使用高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留、高(gao)生物富(fu)集性、高(gao)三致(zhi)(zhi)(致(zhi)(zhi)毒、致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian))的(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)及(ji)其(qi)混配農(nong)(nong)藥(yao),不(bu)使用未核準登(deng)記的(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。
b使用藥(yao)劑防治時,要嚴(yan)格(ge)執行國家標準(zhun)中(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)合(he)(he)理使用準(zhun)則和規定的施用藥(yao)量、施藥(yao)次數,使用經農(nong)藥(yao)殘留檢測(ce)合(he)(he)格(ge)的農(nong)藥(yao)。
c嚴(yan)(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高(gao)殘留量(liang),使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)限(xian)次和(he)安(an)全間隔期(qi)(qi)。 科(ke)學(xue)(xue)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法:認準病(bing)(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類,有(you)(you)針對(dui)性(xing)地(di)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)病(bing)(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生規律,在(zai)最(zui)佳防(fang)治(zhi)期(qi)(qi)及時防(fang)治(zhi);嚴(yan)(yan)格掌(zhang)(zhang)握(wo)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劑量(liang)和(he)方法,科(ke)學(xue)(xue)合理(li)地(di)混配農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),注意不同(tong)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)交替使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),以(yi)延緩或避(bi)免病(bing)(bing)蟲產生抗藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing);盡量(liang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)靶位用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),清除(chu)中(zhong)心病(bing)(bing)株,對(dui)周圍植(zhi)株噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)封鎖控制(zhi);使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)霧化程度良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)械,做到(dao)細(xi)致均(jun)勻噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),選擇(ze)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時間,提(ti)高(gao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效。 ④普及科(ke)學(xue)(xue)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)術(shu)(shu) 在(zai)硒(xi)砂瓜(gua)生產中(zhong),有(you)(you)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)增(zeng)(zeng)施(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),發(fa)展有(you)(you)機(ji)復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),防(fang)治(zhi)超(chao)量(liang)偏施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、嚴(yan)(yan)格氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)全間隔期(qi)(qi)。禁(jin)(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未經無(wu)害化處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)其(qi)他有(you)(you)毒肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及管理(li):使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商品肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料經技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員認可(ke),或到(dao)指定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料供應(ying)點購買。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必須符合技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規程中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。 施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則:壓砂瓜(gua)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養分(fen)隨種(zhong)植(zhi)年限(xian)增(zeng)(zeng)加逐步減少(shao),砂地(di)也隨種(zhong)植(zhi)時間延續出(chu)現(xian)板結,因此必須嚴(yan)(yan)格進(jin)(jin)行(xing)松(song)砂、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。 安(an)全施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求:根據具體情況,調整施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang),做到(dao)經濟合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);嚴(yan)(yan)格執(zhi)行(xing)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安(an)全間隔期(qi)(qi),以(yi)莖葉(xie)為食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器(qi)官的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬(shu)菜,收獲前(qian)20天,禁(jin)(jin)止追施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);推廣“控氮(dan)、穩磷、增(zeng)(zeng)鉀”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)模式。
4、產(chan)品收(shou)獲(huo):區外銷(xiao)售7-8成熟時采摘(zhai),區內(nei)銷(xiao)售的完全(quan)成熟后采收(shou),切忌生瓜上市,采摘(zhai)前15天內(nei)嚴禁噴灑各種防病防蟲農藥(yao)。
5、生產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要求:要求農戶在(zai)種植過(guo)程(cheng)中,對使用的農藥、化肥的名稱、劑型規格、使用方(fang)法、使用時間、每次用量、全(quan)年使用次數、末次使用時間有詳(xiang)細記(ji)錄(lu)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
1、包裝:用于包裝的容(rong)器整(zheng)潔、干燥、牢固、透(tou)氣、無(wu)(wu)污染、無(wu)(wu)異味(wei),內壁無(wu)(wu)尖突物、紙箱(xiang)無(wu)(wu)受潮、了層現象。
2、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用人應在其產品(pin)或其包裝上(shang)統(tong)一使(shi)用農產品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(中寧硒砂瓜名稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注型式)。
3、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu):裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)中(zhong)應快(kuai)運(yun)(yun)、輕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)輕放、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)途中(zhong)應防暴雨(yu)淋。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)散裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)瓜時,運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工具(ju)的(de)(de)底(di)部(bu)及四周與果實接觸的(de)(de)地方應加(jia)鋪(pu)墊物,以防機械(xie)損(sun)傷。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)用(yong)的(de)(de)車輛(liang)、工具(ju)、鋪(pu)墊物、防雨(yu)設施等,應清潔(jie)、衛生、干燥(zao)、無污染、不得與其(qi)他(ta)有(you)毒(du)有(you)害物品(pin)混裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)混運(yun)(yun)。
4、貯藏:貯存(cun)(cun)(cun)時宜(yi)在通風、陰涼、清潔衛生(sheng)的場所進(jin)行(xing),堆碼整齊,防止擠(ji)壓損傷(shang),防日曬、雨淋、凍(dong)害及(ji)有(you)毒有(you)害物質的污染(ran)。長期(qi)貯存(cun)(cun)(cun)時,應存(cun)(cun)(cun)入低溫冷庫,貯存(cun)(cun)(cun)時應按(an)品(pin)種、規格分(fen)別貯存(cun)(cun)(cun),存(cun)(cun)(cun)入前應逐步降溫預冷。貯存(cun)(cun)(cun)室(shi)有(you)適宜(yi)的溫度和空氣相(xiang)對濕(shi)度。在貯存(cun)(cun)(cun)過程中,應經常進(jin)行(xing)檢查,發現(xian)病瓜立即(ji)清除(chu),貯存(cun)(cun)(cun)時,嚴(yan)禁其它有(you)毒、有(you)異味、有(you)害、發霉(mei)散熱及(ji)傳播病蟲害的物品(pin)混合存(cun)(cun)(cun)放(fang)。