一.產品介紹
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植自(zi)上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀五十年代開始在(zai)(zai)(zai)鳴沙鎮二道溝(gou)興起,至2015年底全縣(xian)(xian)硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積發展到(dao)32.5萬畝,分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)白馬鄉、鳴沙鎮、徐套鄉、喊叫水鄉。硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)是(shi)壓(ya)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)地(di)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)的(de)西瓜(gua)(gua)、甜瓜(gua)(gua),所謂壓(ya)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)地(di)是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)(zai)干旱山坡地(di)表面,覆蓋一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)厚(hou)15厘(li)米(mi)左右的(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫,通過砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫層(ceng)的(de)蓄水、保墑、增溫等(deng)作用(yong),提高西瓜(gua)(gua)、甜瓜(gua)(gua)品(pin)質(zhi),同時(shi)隨(sui)著砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫石的(de)逐步(bu)風(feng)化,釋放出(chu)礦物元(yuan)素,隨(sui)雨水沖(chong)刷入土,被植物根系吸收(shou),生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)的(de)瓜(gua)(gua)甘甜爽口,富含硒(xi)(xi)、鐵、鋅(xin)等(deng)對(dui)人體健康(kang)有(you)益(yi)的(de)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素,故名為(wei)“硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)”。獨(du)特的(de)氣候(hou)打造了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)優質(zhi)品(pin)質(zhi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)全年日照時(shi)數(shu)2845小時(shi),日照百分率在(zai)(zai)(zai)60%以(yi)上(shang)(shang),無(wu)霜期153天(tian),有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)積溫3349℃,5-8月(yue)份晝夜溫差一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)15.5℃-12.6℃之間,得天(tian)獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)光(guang)熱資源,砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)礫鋪壓(ya)的(de)節水、增溫、保墑效(xiao)(xiao)果,為(wei)增強硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)同化作用(yong),減少異化作用(yong)對(dui)養分的(de)消耗(hao),積聚大量(liang)糖份、維生(sheng)素、氨基酸(suan)和多種(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素提供(gong)了獨(du)特的(de)自(zi)然條件。“早穿(chuan)皮襖午披紗(sha),晚(wan)上(shang)(shang)圍著火爐吃(chi)西瓜(gua)(gua)”是(shi)該地(di)區氣候(hou)特點的(de)真(zhen)實寫照,據農業部(bu)有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門檢測,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)不僅(jin)含有(you)鋅(xin)、鈣(gai)、鉀、硒(xi)(xi)等(deng)微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素,還含有(you)維生(sheng)素、胡蘿(luo)卜(bu)素和18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan),十分有(you)利于人們(men)身體健康(kang),尤其(qi)硒(xi)(xi)元(yuan)素可使(shi)人延緩衰老,增強免疫力,延年益(yi)壽。硒(xi)(xi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)耐(nai)貯藏(zang),放置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)里、辦公室等(deng)自(zi)然條件下5個月(yue)不腐爛;耐(nai)運輸,長(chang)途拉運數(shu)千公里,完(wan)好無(wu)損,是(shi)目前國內市場最易儲藏(zang)販運的(de)綠色(se)食品(pin)。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
1、土壤地(di)(di)貌:中寧(ning)縣北(bei)部為衛(wei)寧(ning)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)及(ji)丘(qiu)陵(ling),中部為黃(huang)河(he)沖積(ji)平原(yuan),東(dong)部和(he)東(dong)南部為山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(牛首山(shan)(shan)、煙筒(tong)山(shan)(shan))與丘(qiu)陵(ling),西(xi)南部為清水河(he)河(he)谷平原(yuan)和(he)米缽山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)。土壤營養充足切(qie)處于平衡狀態,:pH值8.28、汞(gong)0.03mg/kg、鉛13.4 mg/kg、鎘(ge)0.16 mg/kg、砷(shen)11.9 mg/kg、鉻60.5 mg/kg、銅19.5 mg/kg。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):黃河流經68千(qian)米(mi)(mi),年(nian)均(jun)流量(liang)325億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。清水(shui)(shui)河流量(liang)1.24億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。境內(nei)七星渠(qu)(qu)、躍進渠(qu)(qu)、固海(hai)渠(qu)(qu)、北灘渠(qu)(qu)4條主干渠(qu)(qu)為(wei)主要灌溉(gai)渠(qu)(qu)道。湖泊總面積445公頃。硒砂瓜種植基地屬靠天然降水(shui)(shui)的旱(han)作農業(ye)(ye)區,主要為(wei)山坡地和(he)丘陵地,遠(yuan)離城區和(he)工礦(kuang)業(ye)(ye)區,產地內(nei)無污染企業(ye)(ye)和(he)其它污染源。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況; 中(zhong)(zhong)寧縣屬大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候,冬長夏短,溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da),干旱少(shao)雨,蒸(zheng)發強烈,光(guang)照充足,熱量豐富(fu)。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)9.1℃。該(gai)地(di)區生長季節日(ri)照時數1080小時,日(ri)照百分(fen)率在(zai)65%,無霜(shuang)期165天,有效積溫(wen)2529.3℃,5-8月(yue)份(fen)晝夜溫(wen)差一般在(zai)15.5℃-12.6℃之間,年降水(shui)量221.6毫米(mi),多集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)7、8、9月(yue)。年蒸(zheng)發量2055.3毫米(mi),為降水(shui)量的9.3倍。年均(jun)相對濕度為52%。年太陽(yang)輻射總量5924兆焦耳/㎡。春(chun)季多風,年均(jun)風速為2.9米(mi)/秒,最大(da)風力為12級。“早(zao)穿皮襖午披紗(sha),晚上圍著火爐吃西瓜”是該(gai)地(di)區氣(qi)(qi)候特點的真實寫(xie)照。
4、人(ren)文歷史(shi)情況:壓砂(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)上(shang)積(ji)聚了(le)我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)幾代勞動人(ren)民(min)勤(qin)勞智慧的(de)(de)結晶,我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)從上(shang)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)四十(shi)年代開(kai)始種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植中寧(ning)硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua),已(yi)有70多(duo)年的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植歷史(shi)。過(guo)去苦于(yu)缺乏資(zi)金、交通不(bu)便、沒有政策(ce)、受生活所迫,群(qun)眾自發(fa)地(di)(di)零星種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,只是(shi)(shi)把硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)作(zuo)為一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)副業。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua),首先(xian)要在荒(huang)地(di)(di)鋪上(shang)砂(sha)(sha)礫,由于(yu)過(guo)去交通運輸不(bu)便,造成種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植壓砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)投資(zi)時(shi)間長(chang),產生效益(yi)時(shi)間更長(chang),加上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)很多(duo)年后要倒茬,所以在上(shang)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)70年代當(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)們對壓砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)有一句順口溜(liu)“苦死老(lao)子(zi)(zi)、富死兒(er)子(zi)(zi)、愁死孫子(zi)(zi)”。但隨(sui)著(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)逐(zhu)步(bu)擴(kuo)大,和水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)的(de)(de)進(jin)一步(bu)解決,機械化(hua)裝(zhuang)備水(shui)(shui)平的(de)(de)提高(gao),勞動程(cheng)度明顯(xian)降低,上(shang)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)90年代壓砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)進(jin)入快速(su)發(fa)展階段。硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)被當(dang)地(di)(di)百姓(xing)稱為“石頭(tou)里(li)長(chang)出的(de)(de)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)”,是(shi)(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)人(ren)民(min)充分利(li)用山(shan)地(di)(di)資(zi)源(yuan)優勢發(fa)展起來(lai)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)色種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)模(mo)式,在世(shi)(shi)界上(shang)也可以說是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獨創,不(bu)僅實現(xian)了(le)可觀的(de)(de)經濟效益(yi),同(tong)時(shi)也產生明顯(xian)的(de)(de)生態效益(yi)和社會效益(yi),減少了(le)土地(di)(di)荒(huang)漠化(hua)面(mian)(mian)積(ji),提高(gao)了(le)土地(di)(di)利(li)用率,帶動了(le)二(er)、三產業的(de)(de)快速(su)發(fa)展,到(dao)2008年我(wo)(wo)縣(xian)喊叫水(shui)(shui)鄉(xiang)、鳴沙鎮、白馬(ma)鄉(xiang)等鎮鄉(xiang)硒(xi)砂(sha)(sha)瓜(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)累(lei)計達到(dao)2.3萬(wan)公傾,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)農戶(hu)達到(dao)6000戶(hu),成為寧(ning)夏中部(bu)干旱帶農民(min)“拔(ba)窮(qiong)根”的(de)(de)產業。
三.地域范圍
中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)縣地處寧(ning)(ning)夏中(zhong)(zhong)部,衛(wei)寧(ning)(ning)灌區(qu)的東(dong)(dong)段。東(dong)(dong)經105°26′-106°07′,北緯37°9′-73°50′之間,海(hai)拔1184米(mi)。東(dong)(dong)臨利(li)通區(qu)、青銅峽,西依中(zhong)(zhong)衛(wei)城區(qu),南(nan)接同心縣,北靠內蒙古阿拉善左旗(qi),縣境東(dong)(dong)西寬約(yue)50千(qian)(qian)米(mi),南(nan)北長(chang)約(yue)60千(qian)(qian)米(mi),全縣面積(ji)4198平方公(gong)里。中(zhong)(zhong)寧(ning)(ning)硒砂瓜種植(zhi)區(qu)域主要分布在白馬鄉、鳴沙(sha)鎮、恩(en)和(he)鎮、舟塔鄉、喊叫水鄉,種植(zhi)面積(ji)達2.3萬公(gong)傾,總產(chan)量52萬噸(dun)。
四(si).產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感觀特(te)(te)征:中(zhong)(zhong)寧硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂瓜(gua)個大皮后,果實為(wei)橢圓形,果皮濃綠色條(tiao)帶。2、內在的品質指(zhi)標:獨(du)特(te)(te)的種植方(fang)式(shi)和(he)自(zi)然條(tiao)件,生產的西瓜(gua)個大、瓤紅、汁多、果肉鮮嫩、甘甜如蜜,糖分高達13.8%。生產出的瓜(gua)營養元素(su)含量全面(mian)合理。其中(zhong)(zhong):人體(ti)必需的氨基酸18種,維生素(su)3種,微量元素(su)5種,其中(zhong)(zhong)含鈣(gai)56mg/kg、鉀1090mg/kg,特(te)(te)別(bie)含有人體(ti)保(bao)健(jian)必需的硒(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)鋅等微量元素(su),有延年益壽(shou)、抗衰老、抗癌作用,獨(du)具保(bao)健(jian)價值,因之(zhi)得名“硒(xi)(xi)(xi)砂瓜(gua)”,是真正無污染的綠色食品。
3、安全要求:中(zhong)寧硒砂瓜嚴格按照(NY5109-2005)標準執(zhi)行。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
1、產地選擇:在干旱地選擇地勢平(ping)坦或坡度小(xiao)、土層深(shen)厚(hou)、肥力中上、向陽的(de)歇(xie)茬山(shan)地或麥(mai)地、豆茬地作(zuo)為壓砂(sha)的(de)田塊。
2、品種選擇:選用抗(kang)病、抗(kang)旱(han)、優質、豐(feng)產、耐貯運(yun)、商品性好的品種,種子質量應符合(he)瓜菜(cai)作物種子的要求。可(ke)選用黑美人、新金蘭、金城5號(hao)、西農(nong)8號(hao)、高抗(kang)冠龍等(deng)品種。
3、生產過(guo)程(cheng)管理(li):在(zai)硒砂(sha)瓜生產過(guo)程(cheng)中,山地(di)壓砂(sha)、種子處理(li)、病(bing)蟲害防治(zhi)是生產的關(guan)鍵環節(jie)。
①砂地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)鋪(pu)(pu)設 選擇地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦或(huo)(huo)坡度(du)小、土層深(shen)厚(hou)、肥(fei)力中上、向陽的(de)(de)歇茬山地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)(huo)麥地(di)(di)(di)、豆茬地(di)(di)(di)作(zuo)為(wei)壓砂的(de)(de)田(tian)塊。在干旱地(di)(di)(di)區所采用的(de)(de)鋪(pu)(pu)壓砂石混(hun)合(he)物(wu)(砂、石混(hun)合(he)物(wu)比例(li)3:7或(huo)(huo)4:6,壓砂厚(hou)度(du)15-20厘米(mi)),以蓄水、保(bao)墑(di)、壓堿并提高地(di)(di)(di)溫種植(zhi)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)一類(lei)宜(yi)(yi)耕地(di)(di)(di)。壓砂厚(hou)度(du)視(shi)砂石粗(cu)(cu)細(xi)程度(du)確定,砂粗(cu)(cu)鋪(pu)(pu)設厚(hou)些,砂細(xi)鋪(pu)(pu)設厚(hou)度(du)薄(bo)些。砂石混(hun)合(he)物(wu)比例(li)以4:6為(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。一般畝壓砂用量在100-120立方米(mi)。土壤(rang)在鋪(pu)(pu)設前應犁地(di)(di)(di)曬伐,增加(jia)養分。
②種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)處(chu)(chu)理措施 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)要(yao)購買(mai)優質品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),采(cai)用(yong)溫燙(tang)湯(tang)浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、高猛酸鉀消(xiao)毒(du)法、多菌靈或福爾馬林消(xiao)毒(du)法統一進行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)消(xiao)毒(du)處(chu)(chu)理后播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
③切實加強病蟲害防治 采(cai)取農業綜合(he)措施(shi),合(he)理(li)進行輪作倒茬(cha),減輕(qing)病害發生。常用的輪作方式有以下三種:
①錯位稀植倒(dao)茬(cha);
②西瓜(gua)-甜瓜(gua)-歇茬法(fa);
③瓜-麥輪作法。 加強病(bing)蟲害(hai)預(yu)測預(yu)報,及時(shi)掌握蟲口(kou)密度(du),發布病(bing)蟲害(hai)預(yu)警情報;在有條件的地區開(kai)展統防統治。按照農藥安(an)全(quan)合作標(biao)準和(he)農藥合理使用準則(ze)的要求進行(xing),積極(ji)推廣生物防治,合理進行(xing)化(hua)學防治。 藥劑防治應遵循的原則(ze):
a嚴格(ge)執行(xing)國家有關規定,禁止(zhi)使用高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘(can)留、高(gao)(gao)生物富集性、高(gao)(gao)三致(zhi)(致(zhi)毒、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突(tu)變(bian))的(de)農藥(yao)及其混配農藥(yao),不使用未核準登(deng)記的(de)農藥(yao)。
b使用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)劑防治(zhi)時,要(yao)嚴格執行國家標準(zhun)中(zhong)農(nong)藥(yao)合理(li)使用(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則和規定的(de)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)量、施(shi)藥(yao)次數,使用(yong)(yong)經農(nong)藥(yao)殘留檢測合格的(de)農(nong)藥(yao)。
c嚴(yan)格(ge)執行農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)高殘留量(liang),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)限次(ci)和安全間(jian)隔期(qi)。 科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法:認(ren)準(zhun)病(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種類,有(you)針(zhen)對性(xing)地使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),掌握病(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生規律,在(zai)最(zui)佳防治期(qi)及時防治;嚴(yan)格(ge)掌握農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劑量(liang)和方法,科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)合(he)理地混配農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),注意不同作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)交替使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),以延(yan)緩或避(bi)免病(bing)蟲產生抗藥(yao)性(xing);盡量(liang)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)靶位(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao),清除中(zhong)心病(bing)株,對周圍(wei)植株噴藥(yao)進(jin)行封(feng)鎖(suo)控制;使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)霧化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)度良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)械,做(zuo)到(dao)細致(zhi)均勻噴藥(yao),選擇(ze)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打藥(yao)時間(jian),提高藥(yao)效。 ④普及科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)術 在(zai)硒砂瓜(gua)生產中(zhong),有(you)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)增施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),發展有(you)機(ji)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),防治超量(liang)偏施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、嚴(yan)格(ge)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安全間(jian)隔期(qi)。禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未(wei)經(jing)無害化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和其他有(you)毒肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及管(guan)理:使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商品肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料經(jing)技(ji)(ji)術人員(yuan)認(ren)可,或到(dao)指定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料供應(ying)點購買。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必須(xu)符合(he)技(ji)(ji)術規程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則(ze):壓(ya)砂瓜(gua)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養分(fen)隨種植年限增加逐步(bu)減少,砂地也(ye)隨種植時間(jian)延(yan)續出現板結,因此必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)進(jin)行松砂、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。 安全施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求:根據(ju)具體情況,調(diao)整施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang),做(zuo)到(dao)經(jing)濟(ji)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);嚴(yan)格(ge)執行氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)安全間(jian)隔期(qi),以莖葉(xie)為食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器官的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔬菜,收獲前(qian)20天,禁(jin)止(zhi)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);推廣“控氮(dan)、穩磷、增鉀”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)模式(shi)。
4、產品收獲:區外(wai)銷售(shou)7-8成熟時(shi)采(cai)摘(zhai),區內銷售(shou)的完全成熟后采(cai)收,切忌生(sheng)瓜(gua)上市,采(cai)摘(zhai)前(qian)15天內嚴禁噴灑各種防病防蟲農藥。
5、生產記錄(lu)要(yao)求(qiu):要(yao)求(qiu)農戶在種植(zhi)過(guo)程中,對(dui)使用(yong)的農藥、化(hua)肥的名稱、劑型規(gui)格、使用(yong)方(fang)法、使用(yong)時間、每次(ci)(ci)用(yong)量、全年(nian)使用(yong)次(ci)(ci)數、末次(ci)(ci)使用(yong)時間有詳細記錄(lu)。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規(gui)定
1、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang):用于包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)的容器整(zheng)潔、干燥(zao)、牢固(gu)、透(tou)氣、無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)、無(wu)(wu)異(yi)味,內壁無(wu)(wu)尖突物、紙箱無(wu)(wu)受潮、了層現象。
2、標(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)應在其(qi)產品或其(qi)包裝上(shang)統(tong)一(yi)使(shi)用(yong)農產品地理標(biao)(biao)志(中寧硒(xi)砂瓜名(ming)稱和公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)注型式(shi))。
3、運(yun)輸(shu):裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸運(yun)輸(shu)中應(ying)快(kuai)運(yun)、輕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)輕放、運(yun)輸(shu)途中應(ying)防(fang)暴雨淋。運(yun)輸(shu)散裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)瓜(gua)時,運(yun)輸(shu)工具的底部(bu)及四周(zhou)與果實接觸的地方應(ying)加鋪(pu)墊物(wu),以防(fang)機械損(sun)傷。運(yun)輸(shu)用的車輛、工具、鋪(pu)墊物(wu)、防(fang)雨設施(shi)等(deng),應(ying)清潔、衛生(sheng)、干燥(zao)、無污染、不(bu)得(de)與其他(ta)有毒有害(hai)物(wu)品混裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)混運(yun)。
4、貯藏:貯存(cun)時宜在通風、陰涼(liang)、清潔衛生的場所進(jin)行,堆(dui)碼整齊,防止(zhi)擠壓損傷,防日(ri)曬、雨(yu)淋、凍害及有(you)毒(du)有(you)害物質(zhi)的污染(ran)。長期貯存(cun)時,應(ying)存(cun)入(ru)(ru)低(di)溫冷庫,貯存(cun)時應(ying)按品種(zhong)、規格分別貯存(cun),存(cun)入(ru)(ru)前應(ying)逐(zhu)步降溫預(yu)冷。貯存(cun)室有(you)適(shi)宜的溫度和空氣相(xiang)對濕(shi)度。在貯存(cun)過(guo)程中(zhong),應(ying)經常(chang)進(jin)行檢查(cha),發(fa)現病瓜立(li)即清除,貯存(cun)時,嚴禁其它有(you)毒(du)、有(you)異味、有(you)害、發(fa)霉散熱(re)及傳播(bo)病蟲害的物品混合存(cun)放(fang)。