一.產品介紹
【歷(li)史文獻】據《同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)志》及《同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)農(nong)業區劃》記載,神奇、美麗(li)、富(fu)饒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)南州同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)東(dong)部(bu)農(nong)業區向青(qing)(qing)(qing)南牧區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,境(jing)內高(gao)(gao)差起(qi)伏大(da)(da),氣(qi)候變化(hua)(hua)復(fu)雜(za),生物(wu)生態(tai)類型多(duo)(duo)樣,有蜿(wan)蜒流淌(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隆務(wu)河,穿境(jing)而(er)過,稱為(wei)“金色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)”。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)歷(li)史悠久,在(zai)(zai)漢朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)北(bei)部(bu)成為(wei)漢朝(chao)屯(tun)田之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。唐(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)宗(zong)時(shi)(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)里作為(wei)金城(cheng)公(gong)(gong)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湯沐邑,賜(si)予吐蕃(fan)。宋代是(shi)角羅蕃(fan)政(zheng)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勢力(li)范圍。元(yuan)明(ming)兩代,始以縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)保安(an)為(wei)觸(chu)角,有中(zhong)(zhong)央屯(tun)軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸入(ru),形成以隆務(wu)寺為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藏傳(chuan)佛教政(zheng)教合一(yi)統治體系,一(yi)直(zhi)延續到清(qing)(qing)代。古為(wei)古羌地(di)(di)(di)(di),西晉末為(wei)吐谷渾(hun)地(di)(di)(di)(di),隋為(wei)達化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di),唐(tang)初為(wei)達化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)、米川縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di),安(an)史之(zhi)亂(luan)后(hou)(hou)為(wei)吐蕃(fan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),宋初吐蕃(fan)角廝轄地(di)(di)(di)(di),元(yuan)為(wei)貴德州地(di)(di)(di)(di),明(ming)為(wei)貴德千戶所轄,清(qing)(qing)隸循(xun)化(hua)(hua)廳,明(ming)國(guo)初隸循(xun)化(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian),1929年(nian)(nian)設立同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)。1949年(nian)(nian)沿舊制仍(reng)設同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi),1952年(nian)(nian)改為(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)藏族自(zi)(zi)治區,1953年(nian)(nian)由同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)藏族自(zi)(zi)治區析(xi)置澤庫縣(xian)(xian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)改同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)藏族自(zi)(zi)治區為(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi),均隸黃(huang)南藏族自(zi)(zi)治州。【歷(li)史傳(chuan)說】說起(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(俗稱酸(suan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)),流傳(chuan)著(zhu)神話傳(chuan)說,明(ming)崇禎年(nian)(nian)間,隆務(wu)寺第(di)一(yi)世夏日(ri)(ri)倉(cang)噶丹(dan)嘉(jia)措(cuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)師(shi)東(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)在(zai)(zai)擴建吾(wu)屯(tun)下(xia)寺,因為(wei)勞(lao)累導致了(le)(le)(le)咳(ke)嗽、氣(qi)喘(chuan),由于正在(zai)(zai)修建寺院,無法(fa)休息,這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi),該(gai)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)位老人(ren)帶來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)包(bao)凍黑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li),對(dui)東(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)(jing)師(shi)說道,大(da)(da)師(shi)你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咳(ke)嗽、氣(qi)喘(chuan)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)這(zhe)(zhe)東(dong)西可以緩解,東(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)(jing)師(shi)客氣(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收下(xia)后(hou)(hou),還想(xiang)這(zhe)(zhe)東(dong)西能吃(chi)(chi)(chi)嗎?又不(bu)想(xiang)讓(rang)老人(ren)失望(wang),當(dang)面(mian)吃(chi)(chi)(chi)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)顆,感覺肺特(te)別舒(shu)服,咳(ke)嗽也少(shao)了(le)(le)(le),過了(le)(le)(le)兩三天,梨(li)(li)(li)(li)也吃(chi)(chi)(chi)完了(le)(le)(le),東(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)(jing)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咳(ke)嗽,氣(qi)喘(chuan)也好了(le)(le)(le),這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)東(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)(jing)師(shi)派(pai)人(ren)去找那個送梨(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老人(ren)打聽,這(zhe)(zhe)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)就在(zai)(zai)不(bu)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈(ha)拉(la)巴圖村生長(chang)時(shi)(shi),就派(pai)人(ren)移栽樹(shu)苗,因此(ci),現在(zai)(zai)年(nian)(nian)都(dou)乎寺院,郭么日(ri)(ri)寺院、尕(ga)沙(sha)日(ri)(ri)寺院都(dou)種植(zhi)有百年(nian)(nian)老果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)。【同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)特(te)性】同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)鵝卵形,長(chang)10-14cm,橫徑7-10cm;色澤金黃(huang),皮薄松軟(ruan);果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉酸(suan)味(wei)獨特(te),清(qing)(qing)香沁人(ren);經(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)熟自(zi)(zi)然冷凍后(hou)(hou)逐漸變為(wei)黑褐色,出汁率高(gao)(gao),口味(wei)酸(suan)甜適中(zhong)(zhong)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)養分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)豐(feng)富(fu),黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)冠面(mian)積(ji)大(da)(da),根系發達,微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)吸(xi)收量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da),因此(ci)該(gai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)分(fen)為(wei)85.75%,氨基酸(suan)總量(liang)(liang)達0.30%,總糖分(fen)9.01%,總酸(suan)28.84%,類胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)(su)0.038%,并(bing)含有多(duo)(duo)種礦物(wu)質元(yuan)素(su)(su)及各種微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su),該(gai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)涼(liang)解熱,降壓止咳(ke),消痰潤(run)肺方面(mian)具有獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保鍵功(gong)能,還能增(zeng)進食欲、助消化(hua)(hua),對(dui)體虛(xu)、津液(ye)不(bu)足者裨益,長(chang)期食用(yong)可補充(chong)人(ren)體鈣、磷、鐵等微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su),增(zeng)強(qiang)免疫(yi)力(li)。【發展(zhan)前景】進入(ru)二十世紀,特(te)別是(shi)近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai),隨著(zhu)科(ke)學知識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普(pu)及和(he)人(ren)們飲(yin)食健康理念(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成,人(ren)們對(dui)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養價值(zhi)和(he)保健作用(yong)越來(lai)(lai)越重視,目前同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)達0.068公(gong)(gong)頃,年(nian)(nian)產黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)0.042萬噸,針對(dui)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)唯(wei)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名特(te)優質果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin),近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)州縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)政(zheng)府積(ji)極扶持籌資興建了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)飲(yin)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)工(gong)企業,該(gai)企業年(nian)(nian)加(jia)工(gong)能力(li)500噸,開發了(le)(le)(le)晶黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)飲(yin)料、黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)醋、黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)酒等高(gao)(gao)附(fu)價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)產品(pin)(pin),有利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推動了(le)(le)(le)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產發展(zhan),也提高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)民收入(ru),種植(zhi)黃(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)具有廣闊(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場和(he)開發前景。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和(he)人文歷(li)史因素
1.土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:同仁(ren)市地(di)(di)處(chu)青藏高(gao)(gao)原與黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)原的過渡地(di)(di)帶,隆務(wu)河(he)縱貫全境南北,形成東西部(bu)山區(qu)和中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)河(he)谷地(di)(di)區(qu)。境內山巒起(qi)伏(fu),河(he)谷相(xiang)間,地(di)(di)貌復(fu)雜(za)多樣。地(di)(di)勢南高(gao)(gao)北低,全縣最高(gao)(gao)點為(wei)(wei)阿米夏瓊山(海拔4767米),最低點麻巴溝口(海拔2160米),相(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)差2607米。全縣總耕(geng)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)0.75萬公頃(qing),其中(zhong)(zhong)水澆地(di)(di)0.18萬公頃(qing),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型以栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)和灌(guan)淤(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,質地(di)(di)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),微堿性(xing),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質豐(feng)富,物理性(xing)狀良(liang)好,地(di)(di)下水資源豐(feng)富,適宜(yi)同仁(ren)黃(huang)果梨的生長和發(fa)育。
2、水文情況(kuang):同仁黃果梨生長(chang)區域年平均降水量(liang)為425.7mm,主要集中在(zai)6至9月份,加之地處(chu)隆務(wu)河畔,隆務(wu)河等水源能滿足黃果梨整個生長(chang)期需水量(liang)。
3、氣(qi)候情況:同仁市地(di)處青藏高原(yuan),因海拔高而形(xing)成了(le)典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)高原(yuan)大陸性(xing)氣(qi)候特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian),并具有顯(xian)著的(de)(de)(de)區域性(xing)氣(qi)候特(te)(te)(te)征。總的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)溫度(du)垂直變化(hua)明(ming)顯(xian),地(di)區差(cha)(cha)(cha)異顯(xian)著,光照(zhao)充足(zu),日射強,全年平均氣(qi)溫5.2℃,年日照(zhao)總時數達2634.9小(xiao)時,無霜期約150天(tian),年氣(qi)溫較差(cha)(cha)(cha)13.7℃。生長(chang)(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)積(ji)溫可達2500℃,其優點(dian)(dian)是(shi)日照(zhao)時間長(chang)(chang)、晝夜溫差(cha)(cha)(cha)大,有利于植(zhi)物(wu)光合作用和(he)(he)干物(wu)質(zhi)積(ji)累,同仁隆務(wu)河谷地(di)帶為涼溫氣(qi)候區,具備(bei)更好的(de)(de)(de)熱量條件和(he)(he)灌溉(gai)條件,典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)高原(yuan)特(te)(te)(te)色小(xiao)氣(qi)候條件形(xing)成獨特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)同仁黃果梨(li)品種(zhong)。
三.地域范圍
黃(huang)(huang)南(nan)州同仁(ren)市位于青(qing)海省東南(nan)部,東鄰甘肅省夏(xia)河縣(xian),西連貴德縣(xian),南(nan)接澤庫縣(xian),北(bei)與循(xun)化、尖扎縣(xian)接壤。同仁(ren)黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)梨種(zhong)植區(qu)域為東經(jing)101°38′—102°27′,北(bei)緯35°01′ —35°47′之間,南(nan)北(bei)長45公里,東西寬(kuan)15公里,涵蓋總(zong)面積為0.675萬(wan)公頃,同仁(ren)黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)梨種(zhong)植區(qu)域遍及全縣(xian)6個鄉鎮(zhen),種(zhong)植面積為0.068萬(wan)公頃,年(nian)總(zong)產量0.042萬(wan)噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征
1、獨特(te)外在感官特(te)征:同仁黃果梨(li)鵝卵形,長10-14cm,橫(heng)徑7-10cm;色澤金黃,皮薄松軟;果肉(rou)酸(suan)味獨特(te),清香沁人;經后(hou)熟自然(ran)冷凍(dong)后(hou)逐漸變為黑褐色,出汁率(lv)高,口味酸(suan)甜適(shi)中。
2、獨特(te)(te)的(de)內含(han)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen):同(tong)仁(ren)(ren)黃果梨養分(fen)(fen)含(han)量豐富,通過中國科學(xue)院西北高原生物(wu)研究所分(fen)(fen)析測試表明,其(qi)中水分(fen)(fen)為85.75%≥80%,氨基酸(suan)總量達0.30%≥0.20%,總糖(tang)分(fen)(fen)9.01%≥7.0%,總酸(suan)28.84≥25.0g/kg,類胡蘿卜素(su)0.038g/kg≥0.02g/kg,并含(han)有(you)多種礦物(wu)質元素(su),在清(qing)涼(liang)解渴(ke),降壓止咳,化痰利(li)肺(fei)方面具有(you)獨特(te)(te)的(de)功效(xiao),是加工天(tian)然(ran)綠色食品的(de)優(you)質原料。同(tong)仁(ren)(ren)黃果梨與(yu)黃土(tu)坎鴨梨有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)含(han)量對(dui)比表(略)
3、質量安全規(gui)定(ding):在同仁黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)梨農(nong)產品地理標志保護范圍(wei)內的黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)梨生產過程及產品應符合(he)以下(xia)規(gui)定(ding):NY/T393-2000《農(nong)藥使用(yong)準則》 GB/T10650-2008《鮮(xian)梨》DB63/T1126-2012《黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)梨苗木繁育技術規(gui)程》;DB63/T1127-2012《黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)梨施(shi)肥技術規(gui)范》;DB63/T1128-2012《黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)梨病蟲害技術規(gui)范》;DB63/T1129-2012《黃(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)梨栽培(pei)技術規(gui)程》。
五(wu).特定生產(chan)方式
1、種(zhong)植區域:同仁黃果梨適宜種(zhong)植在海(hai)拔高(gao)度2200-2750m的隆務河谷地(di)。2、苗木(mu)(mu)繁育與栽培方(fang)式:選地(di)勢平坦、土層深厚、有機質含量高(gao),交通便利、有良好的灌(guan)溉條件地(di)塊(kuai)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)苗圃地(di)。砧木(mu)(mu)選用(yong)胸徑1厘米以上的杜梨苗,將無病蟲害的優質豐產樹作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)采(cai)穗母株,接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗在植株落葉后(hou)至(zhi)萌芽(ya)前(qian)采(cai)集,選用(yong)60-80厘米生(sheng)長充實的一(yi)年生(sheng)枝條,采(cai)后(hou)每50根綁(bang)成(cheng)一(yi)捆,放在濕潤、低溫的地(di)窖或冷庫貯藏。春(chun)季接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗現采(cai)現用(yong),接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗保留(liu)2-3個芽(ya),截成(cheng)9-12厘米的枝段。早春(chun)砧木(mu)(mu)萌芽(ya)時進行嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),采(cai)用(yong)劈(pi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)式。
3、栽培技術
3.1挖(wa)(wa)穴(xue)(xue)、施肥(fei)(fei):選擇(ze)土(tu)壤疏松、土(tu)層深厚、有機質高、肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)方便的大田挖(wa)(wa)栽(zai)植穴(xue)(xue),穴(xue)(xue)直徑50厘米、穴(xue)(xue)深60厘米,表土(tu)和(he)底(di)土(tu)分(fen)別放置,挖(wa)(wa)好后(hou)放入(ru)0.5-1公(gong)斤有機肥(fei)(fei),回填底(di)土(tu)。
3.2確定(ding)株行距(ju)、栽植(zhi):根(gen)據黃(huang)果樹的樹冠高大特性,株行距(ju)應控制在4×5米(35株/畝)左右。栽植(zhi)后要及時澆水、打(da)頂(ding)。
3.3栽(zai)植(zhi)后(hou)的田(tian)間管理:幼樹(shu)(shu)防寒(han):冬季寒(han)冷,西北風大,用樹(shu)(shu)干涂白或綁草(cao)幼樹(shu)(shu)進行防寒(han)。幼樹(shu)(shu)定干:已成(cheng)(cheng)活的幼樹(shu)(shu),于(yu)春季末發(fa)芽(ya)前進行整形修剪,促使果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)提早成(cheng)(cheng)形,提早擴(kuo)大樹(shu)(shu)冠、提早結(jie)果(guo)(guo)。施肥(fei)與灌水:秋季采果(guo)(guo)后(hou)成(cheng)(cheng)年樹(shu)(shu)結(jie)合深耕畝施腐熟有機肥(fei)(畜禽糞水)5000公(gong)斤,磷肥(fei)50公(gong)斤,草(cao)木灰100公(gong)斤,尿(niao)素15公(gong)斤。年追肥(fei)2次(ci),第一(yi)次(ci)于(yu)果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)發(fa)芽(ya)前施用;第二次(ci)于(yu)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)施用。幼齡樹(shu)(shu)一(yi)次(ci)性(xing)畝施果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)專用肥(fei)20公(gong)斤。適時灌水期(qi)(qi)一(yi)般在(zai)開花、結(jie)果(guo)(guo)、果(guo)(guo)實(shi)增(zeng)大期(qi)(qi)等(deng)主要生理時期(qi)(qi)。
3.4整形修剪:春秋(qiu)季及時進行整形修剪。整形時要充分利(li)用枝條,做(zuo)到隨枝作形、因樹而宜。
3.5害(hai)蟲防治(zhi):黃(huang)果(guo)梨害(hai)蟲主(zhu)要有:蚜蟲、梨樹臭板蟲、卷葉蛾(e)等(deng)。防治(zhi)方法:可用5%的高效氯氰菊酯、70%艾美樂水分散(san)顆(ke)粒(li)劑等(deng)進行(xing)防治(zhi)
3.6病(bing)害防(fang)(fang)治:黃果梨病(bing)害主要有:干腐病(bing)。防(fang)(fang)治方法:用70%甲基托(tuo)布津、50%多菌(jun)靈可濕性(xing)粉劑和生石(shi)灰按1:1:10比例調成糊狀對發病(bing)部位進行涂(tu)抹(mo)。
3.7采(cai)(cai)收(shou)標準:黃果(guo)梨(li)果(guo)實(shi)充分膨大,表皮呈(cheng)金黃色時及(ji)時采(cai)(cai)收(shou)。
3.8分級以果實形狀、大(da)小(xiao)、色差(cha),光潔度為劃分質量等級的主要(yao)依據(ju),三項中以最(zui)低一(yi)項指(zhi)標定(ding)級,分為3級。
3.9包(bao)裝(zhuang)同仁黃果梨可(ke)選用紙箱及其它包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料進行包(bao)裝(zhuang),便于搬運(yun)(yun),裝(zhuang)卸,貯藏(zang)和(he)運(yun)(yun)輸等。
3.10運(yun)輸(shu)運(yun)輸(shu)時要做到輕(qing)裝、輕(qing)卸、防止機械損傷。短途(tu)運(yun)輸(shu)中要防日曬雨淋(lin)。長途(tu)運(yun)輸(shu)中注意采取防凍保溫或降溫措施,不使產品(pin)質量受到影響。
六.包裝標(biao)識相關規定
標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)嚴格按(an)照《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)辦法(fa)》中規(gui)(gui)定(ding)使用(yong),在確定(ding)的地域范(fan)圍(wei)內生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)者(zhe)或(huo)企業(ye)在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包(bao)裝上(shang)使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)以向登記證書持(chi)有人簽訂農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)協(xie)議(yi),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)包(bao)裝上(shang)應標(biao)(biao)明(ming)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)、質(zhi)量等級、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地、企業(ye)名稱(cheng)、郵政編(bian)碼(ma)、電話號碼(ma)、貯運(yun)圖形等內容,保(bao)證地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的品(pin)質(zhi)和信譽,正確規(gui)(gui)范(fan)地使用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。