自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:區(qu)域內主(zhu)(zhu)要土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型以灌淤土(tu)、潮土(tu)為主(zhu)(zhu)。近十余(yu)年瓜州縣(xian)發(fa)展的高標準無公害(hai)甜瓜示范園多集中在砂壤(rang)(rang)和輕(qing)壤(rang)(rang)區(qu)域內極適(shi)宜甜瓜的生長發(fa)育。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機(ji)質平均含量1.23%,全氮0.062%,速效(xiao)磷6.4PPM,速效(xiao)鉀255PPM,PH值7.5-8.5之間。
(2)水資源(yuan)狀(zhuang)況:瓜(gua)州縣境內(nei)有兩條源(yuan)于祁連山的(de)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)。一(yi)條是(shi)疏勒河,在(zai)瓜(gua)州境內(nei)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程242公里(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積1.28萬平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li),年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)3.89億(yi)立米(mi)(mi)(mi);另(ling)一(yi)條是(shi)榆林河,流(liu)(liu)(liu)程118公里(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積5494平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li),年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)0.55億(yi)立米(mi)(mi)(mi)。此外還有露頭泉水和豐富(fu)的(de)地下水資源(yuan)。地面(mian)水年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)4.44億(yi)立米(mi)(mi)(mi),可充分利用(yong)的(de)3.7億(yi)立米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地下水蘊(yun)藏量(liang)(liang)7.6億(yi)立米(mi)(mi)(mi),可開(kai)采量(liang)(liang)7570萬立米(mi)(mi)(mi)。流(liu)(liu)(liu)域內(nei)水質潔(jie)凈,重金屬元素低于無公害產地環境標準。 (3)氣(qi)候特點(dian) 瓜(gua)州縣屬典型的(de)大(da)陸性氣(qi)候。年(nian)(nian)日照總(zong)(zong)數達3260小(xiao)時,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照百分率為(wei)73%,年(nian)(nian)輻(fu)射總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)152.79千卡(ka)/c㎡。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降水量(liang)(liang)45.7mm,年(nian)(nian)蒸發量(liang)(liang)高(gao)達3140.6mm。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫8.8℃。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均無霜期142天。
(4)人文歷史因素 瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian),古(gu)稱“瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”,甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)歷史悠久。西漢元(yuan)狩二年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)前121年(nian)),漢武帝開辟河西四郡,瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)由(you)(you)此立郡。據《漢書·地理志(zhi)》記載:“古(gu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)地生美瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)”,“其地今猶出大(da)(da)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua),長(chang)者狐入(ru)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)中(zhong)(zhong)食之,首(shou)尾不出”。西晉(jin)《廣(guang)志(zhi)》云(yun):“瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大(da)(da)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)如(ru)斛,御(yu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)也,甘勝如(ru)蜜”。“雍正中(zhong)(zhong)徒魯谷(gu)慶回族于瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)皆種(zhong)(zhong)佳瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)入(ru)貢”。 50年(nian)代(dai)(dai)以前,瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)較小(xiao)。七十年(nian)代(dai)(dai),引種(zhong)(zhong)美國(guo)白蘭瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)獲得成功,甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)成為(wei)甘肅的地方特(te)色產(chan)品(pin)而享譽省(sheng)內(nei)外;在八十年(nian)代(dai)(dai)后期(qi),瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生產(chan)迅速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),成為(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)主要(yao)的經(jing)濟作物之一,面積(ji)擴大(da)(da)到2萬(wan)畝左右,年(nian)生產(chan)商(shang)品(pin)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)4.5萬(wan)噸,遠銷香港及北(bei)京、上海(hai)、廣(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、武漢等海(hai)內(nei)外大(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)城市。近年(nian)來瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面積(ji)逐步擴大(da)(da),產(chan)品(pin)打入(ru)了越南(nan)、韓國(guo)市場,大(da)(da)部(bu)分產(chan)品(pin)在國(guo)內(nei)各大(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)城市銷售。2004年(nian)被中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特(te)產(chan)之鄉推薦(jian)及宣傳(chuan)活動組委會授予(yu)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)蜜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)之鄉”稱號,2006年(nian)經(jing)國(guo)家民政部(bu)批(pi)準(zhun),縣(xian)名(ming)由(you)(you)安西縣(xian)更(geng)名(ming)為(wei)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣(xian)。目前瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)甜瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)按照(zhao)無公(gong)害標準(zhun)化的要(yao)求(qiu),生產(chan)手段完善(shan),產(chan)業鏈條銜(xian)接緊密(mi),在國(guo)內(nei)正逐步率(lv)先(xian)走向集(ji)團化、產(chan)業化發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的軌道。
地域范圍
瓜州(zhou)縣(xian)地處河西(xi)(xi)走(zou)廊西(xi)(xi)端,介于北(bei)緯39°52′—41°53′,東(dong)經94°45′—97°00′之(zhi)間。瓜州(zhou)甜瓜種植區(qu)包括瓜州(zhou)縣(xian)行政區(qu)域內的瓜州(zhou)鄉、西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)鄉、南岔鎮、河東(dong)鄉、三道溝(gou)鎮、鎖陽鎮、腰站子(zi)、布隆吉(ji)鄉8個鄉鎮45個行政村。從事瓜州(zhou)甜瓜栽培(pei)(pei)的果(guo)農有1.4萬戶(hu),栽培(pei)(pei)面積3400公頃(qing),年產量15萬噸。
產品品質特性特征
1.外在感觀(guan)特征:果實(shi)呈(cheng)圓(yuan)(yuan)形、橢圓(yuan)(yuan)型,肉厚3.5厘米,單瓜重(zhong)3.5公斤左右(you),含糖(tang)量14-17%。耐儲運,無(wu)農藥殘留。無(wu)碰壓傷、藥害(hai)、日燒、病蟲、傷等(deng)缺陷。
2.安(an)全要求 瓜(gua)(gua)州甜瓜(gua)(gua)地(di)理(li)環境按照NY5110-2002(無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin)(pin),西瓜(gua)(gua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條(tiao)件(jian))執行;產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量達(da)到(dao)了NY5009-2005(無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)西甜瓜(gua)(gua))產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量標準;生產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程控制按照DB62/T1177-2004《A級綠色食品(pin)(pin)甜瓜(gua)(gua)栽培(pei)技術規程》,種植生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)按瓜(gua)(gua)州縣(xian)甜瓜(gua)(gua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工(gong)、包裝、貯運等一(yi)系列技術規范進(jin)行管理(li)。合理(li)使(shi)用(yong)農藥(yao)投入(ru)品(pin)(pin),嚴禁使(shi)用(yong)國家明令禁止的高劇毒(du)農藥(yao),嚴格執行農藥(yao)安(an)全間隔(ge)期。