一.產品介紹
阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善地區自(zi)有(you)(you)史以來,當(dang)地牧民就有(you)(you)從事(shi)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)業的(de)(de)生(sheng)產活(huo)動,距今已有(you)(you)300多年歷(li)史。阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善型(xing)(xing)白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)屬克什米爾絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)一支(zhi),是在阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善特定(ding)生(sheng)態條件(jian)下(xia),經(jing)長(chang)期(qi)自(zi)然選(xuan)擇和人工(gong)培育(本品種選(xuan)育)而形成的(de)(de)地方良種。1988年被(bei)自(zi)治區政府命名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)內蒙(meng)(meng)古白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)——阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善型(xing)(xing),是內蒙(meng)(meng)古白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)三大(da)類型(xing)(xing)之一,屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)用(yong)型(xing)(xing),以其絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)細柔(絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)細度為(wei)(wei)13—15um)、光澤好等(deng)特性馳名(ming)(ming)中(zhong)外,曾榮獲(huo)意大(da)利“柴格那”絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)獎(jiang)和中(zhong)國第二(er)屆農業博覽(lan)會金獎(jiang)。在歷(li)史上,阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)被(bei)賜名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“軟黃金”,定(ding)為(wei)(wei)朝廷貢(gong)品。阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善蒙(meng)(meng)古族(zu)冬季服飾、被(bei)褥、毛(mao)氈(zhan)、面袋(dai)、繩子(zi)(zi)及山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)高端(duan)產品等(deng)生(sheng)活(huo)生(sheng)產用(yong)品多以阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(毛(mao))制成,因此(ci)產生(sheng)了(le)花色品種多樣的(de)(de)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)制品、服飾文(wen)化(hua)。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)、胡子(zi)(zi)可(ke)做狼(lang)毫(hao)、毛(mao)刷(shua)等(deng)生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)品,頭(tou)骨、羊(yang)(yang)皮可(ke)做工(gong)藝飾品和紀念品。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)奶(nai)(nai)和羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)是當(dang)地傳統飲(yin)食文(wen)化(hua)重要組成部分(fen)。當(dang)地牧民喜(xi)愛將羊(yang)(yang)奶(nai)(nai)制成酸奶(nai)(nai)、奶(nai)(nai)酪、酥油、奶(nai)(nai)皮、奶(nai)(nai)茶(cha)、奶(nai)(nai)酒等(deng)食用(yong)。平日(ri)宴請則以手抓羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為(wei)(wei)主,還有(you)(you)血腸、“古日(ri)勒岱”、“祖(zu)日(ri)木”、“夏日(ri)子(zi)(zi)”、干羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)餃子(zi)(zi)等(deng)。在傳統的(de)(de)那達慕盛會上與白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)養殖文(wen)化(hua)有(you)(you)密切聯(lian)系的(de)(de)表演和活(huo)動有(you)(you):搓毛(mao)繩、騸羊(yang)(yang)、種公羊(yang)(yang)評比(bi)、宰羊(yang)(yang)(剝(bo)皮、洗雜碎、剔(ti)羊(yang)(yang)骨)比(bi)賽、撒(sa)羊(yang)(yang)拐等(deng)內容。阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善蒙(meng)(meng)古族(zu)還保(bao)留(liu)著傳統的(de)(de)祭羊(yang)(yang)活(huo)動,它是一種集宗教信仰、傳統生(sheng)產、人文(wen)思(si)想為(wei)(wei)一體的(de)(de)民間活(huo)動,分(fen)為(wei)(wei)祭公羊(yang)(yang)和祭母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)史因素(su)
1、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:阿拉善盟地(di)(di)形呈南高北低(di)狀(zhuang)平(ping)均(jun)海拔900—1400米,地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型有(you)沙(sha)漠(mo)戈壁(bi)、山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵、湖(hu)盆、起伏灘地(di)(di)等。土壤受地(di)(di)貌(mao)及生(sheng)物氣候條件(jian)影響,具有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)地(di)(di)帶性分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)特征,由東(dong)南向西北依次分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)灰鈣土、灰漠(mo)土、灰棕漠(mo)土。在盆湖(hu)和(he)(he)低(di)洼地(di)(di)區有(you)鹽堿土和(he)(he)沼澤(ze)土。著名(ming)的(de)巴丹(dan)吉林(lin)、騰格里、烏蘭布(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)三大(da)沙(sha)漠(mo)橫貫全境,陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)余脈(mo)與(yu)大(da)片沙(sha)漠(mo)、起伏灘地(di)(di)、剝蝕(shi)殘丘(qiu)相間分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:黃河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)經阿(a)拉善左旗的(de)(de)烏素(su)圖、巴彥(yan)木仁(ren)蘇木,在(zai)(zai)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)程達85公(gong)(gong)里(li),年入(ru)境(jing)(jing)流(liu)(liu)量300多(duo)億立(li)(li)方米。額(e)濟(ji)納河(he)(he)是盟內(nei)唯一的(de)(de)季(ji)節性內(nei)陸(lu)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),發(fa)源于(yu)祁連山(shan)北麓(lu),流(liu)(liu)至巴彥(yan)寶格德(de)水(shui)閘分(fen)(fen)二支。西為木仁(ren)高勒(le),注(zhu)入(ru)西居(ju)延(yan)海(hai);東(dong)(dong)為鄂木訥高勒(le),夏(xia)季(ji)分(fen)(fen)數支,注(zhu)入(ru)東(dong)(dong)居(ju)延(yan)海(hai)、京斯田淖爾和(he)沙日淖爾。額(e)濟(ji)納河(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)盟境(jing)(jing)內(nei)流(liu)(liu)程200多(duo)公(gong)(gong)里(li),年流(liu)(liu)量10億立(li)(li)方米。賀蘭山(shan)、雅布(bu)賴山(shan),龍首(shou)山(shan)等山(shan)區許多(duo)沖溝(gou)中(zhong)一般有(you)潛水(shui),有(you)些(xie)山(shan)露成泉(quan)。在(zai)(zai)三大(da)(da)沙漠(mo)中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)大(da)(da)小不(bu)等的(de)(de)湖盆500多(duo)個,面積約1.1萬平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),其中(zhong)草地(di)湖盆面積1.07萬平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),集(ji)水(shui)湖面積400多(duo)平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),地(di)表水(shui)礦(kuang)化(hua)度1—2克/升。
3、氣候情況:地(di)處亞洲大陸(lu)腹地(di),為內陸(lu)高(gao)原,遠離(li)海(hai)洋,周圍群山環抱,形(xing)成(cheng)典(dian)(dian)型的(de)大陸(lu)性氣候,氣候條件惡劣。干(gan)旱少雨(yu)、風大沙(sha)多(duo),四季氣候特征明顯,晝夜溫(wen)差大。年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)6-8.5℃,1月平均氣溫(wen)-9—14℃。極端(duan)最(zui)低氣溫(wen)-36.4℃;7月平均氣溫(wen)22—26.4℃,極端(duan)最(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)41.7℃。年(nian)平均無霜期130-165天。由于受東南(nan)季風影(ying)響,雨(yu)季多(duo)集中(zhong)(zhong)在七、八、九月。降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)從東南(nan)部的(de)200多(duo)毫(hao)米,向西北部遞減至40毫(hao)米以下(xia);而蒸發量(liang)(liang)由東南(nan)部的(de)2400毫(hao)米向西北部遞增(zeng)到4200毫(hao)米。年(nian)日照時數達2600-3500小時,年(nian)太陽總輻射量(liang)(liang)147-165千卡/千方(fang)厘(li)米。多(duo)西北風,平均風速(su)每秒2.9—5米,年(nian)均風日70天左右。在這(zhe)種(zhong)典(dian)(dian)型的(de)荒漠草原地(di)理(li)環境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)經過自然選擇和演化,形(xing)成(cheng)了獨特的(de)阿拉(la)善(shan)白絨山羊適應性和種(zhong)質類型。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)拉(la)善白(bai)絨山(shan)羊主(zhu)要產自于內(nei)蒙古(gu)自治區(qu)最(zui)西端阿(a)拉(la)善盟(meng),地域保護范圍包括阿(a)拉(la)善左(zuo)旗(qi)(qi)、阿(a)拉(la)善右旗(qi)(qi)、額(e)(e)濟納旗(qi)(qi)等(deng)三個(ge)現轄(xia)行政區(qu)域。包括巴彥(yan)(yan)浩(hao)特(te)鎮(zhen)、額(e)(e)肯(ken)呼都格鎮(zhen)、達來(lai)庫布鎮(zhen)等(deng)23個(ge)蘇木鎮(zhen)。盟(meng)境西與甘肅省(sheng)酒泉(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、張掖市(shi)(shi)(shi)、金昌(chang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、武威市(shi)(shi)(shi)、白(bai)銀市(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)連,東(dong)南(nan)隔(ge)賀蘭山(shan)與寧夏回族(zu)自治區(qu)中衛市(shi)(shi)(shi)、吳忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、銀川(chuan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、石嘴山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)望,東(dong)北與巴彥(yan)(yan)淖爾(er)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、烏海市(shi)(shi)(shi)、鄂爾(er)多斯市(shi)(shi)(shi)接壤,北與蒙古(gu)國交界。地理(li)坐(zuo)標:東(dong)經97°10′—106°52′,北緯37°21′—42°47′之間(jian),總面積(ji)27萬平(ping)方公里。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外貌特征:阿拉善白絨山羊(yang)體(ti)軀結構勻稱,骨骼結實,四肢強健有力,公母羊(yang)均有角(jiao),額部有半(ban)彎形粗毛(mao)(mao),須(xu)長頸粗,體(ti)形長方,全身被毛(mao)(mao)純白,分(fen)內外兩層(ceng),外層(ceng)為(wei)有髓(sui)粗毛(mao)(mao),長10—30厘米,內層(ceng)為(wei)無髓(sui)絨毛(mao)(mao),自然厚度4—5厘米,絨毛(mao)(mao)與粗毛(mao)(mao)混生,腰毛(mao)(mao)較短。公羊(yang)體(ti)重45公斤,母羊(yang)體(ti)重35公斤。
2、品種(zhong)適(shi)應性(xing)(xing):阿拉善白(bai)絨(rong)山(shan)羊體質結(jie)實(shi),抗(kang)旱抗(kang)病能力強,耐粗飼(si)、耐鹽(yan)堿、耐酷暑(shu)嚴(yan)寒,在(zai)自然狀態(tai)下適(shi)應范圍廣(guang),通過長期進化,具備了穩(wen)定的生(sheng)態(tai)性(xing)(xing)。
3、肉(rou)(rou)(rou)內在(zai)品質(zhi):阿(a)拉善白(bai)(bai)絨山羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)具有(you)(you)香(xiang)味濃郁的特點、鮮(xian)嫩多汁、無膻味、肥(fei)而不膩、色澤鮮(xian)美、肉(rou)(rou)(rou)層厚(hou)實(shi)緊(jin)湊(cou)。鮮(xian)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)外表微干或(huo)有(you)(you)風(feng)干膜、不粘手(shou),肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色澤鮮(xian)紅(hong)或(huo)深紅(hong)、有(you)(you)光澤、脂(zhi)肪呈乳白(bai)(bai)色,肌(ji)(ji)纖維致密、堅實(shi)、有(you)(you)彈性、指(zhi)壓后的凹陷立即恢復;凍(dong)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)外表微干或(huo)有(you)(you)風(feng)干膜、或(huo)濕(shi)潤、不粘手(shou),肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)有(you)(you)光澤、色鮮(xian)艷,肉(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)緊(jin)密,有(you)(you)堅實(shi)感、肌(ji)(ji)纖維韌性強(qiang)。脂(zhi)肪呈乳白(bai)(bai)色。每(mei)百(bai)克鮮(xian)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)含量高于16.00%,脂(zhi)肪含量在(zai)3.00%左(zuo)右(you),富含17種氨基酸(suan),總(zong)氨基酸(suan)含量在(zai)29.62%左(zuo)右(you)。