一.產品介紹
阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)地區自有(you)史以(yi)來(lai),當(dang)地牧民(min)就有(you)從事山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)業的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產活(huo)動,距今已(yi)有(you)300多年(nian)歷史。阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)型(xing)白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)屬克什米爾絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)一(yi)支,是(shi)(shi)在阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)特定生(sheng)(sheng)態條件(jian)下,經長期自然選擇和(he)(he)人工(gong)培育(yu)(本品(pin)種(zhong)選育(yu))而形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)地方良種(zhong)。1988年(nian)被(bei)自治區政府命名(ming)為內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)——阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)型(xing),是(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)三大(da)類型(xing)之一(yi),屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)(rou)兼用(yong)型(xing),以(yi)其絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)細柔(絨(rong)(rong)(rong)細度為13—15um)、光澤好等特性馳(chi)名(ming)中(zhong)外,曾榮獲意大(da)利“柴格那”絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)獎和(he)(he)中(zhong)國第二屆農業博覽會金獎。在歷史上,阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)被(bei)賜名(ming)為“軟(ruan)黃金”,定為朝廷貢品(pin)。阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)族冬(dong)季服(fu)飾(shi)、被(bei)褥、毛(mao)(mao)氈、面袋、繩子及山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)高端(duan)產品(pin)等生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)產用(yong)品(pin)多以(yi)阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(毛(mao)(mao))制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),因此(ci)產生(sheng)(sheng)了花色品(pin)種(zhong)多樣(yang)的(de)(de)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)制品(pin)、服(fu)飾(shi)文(wen)(wen)化。山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)(mao)、胡子可做(zuo)狼毫、毛(mao)(mao)刷等生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)品(pin),頭骨、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)皮可做(zuo)工(gong)藝飾(shi)品(pin)和(he)(he)紀念品(pin)。山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)奶(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)和(he)(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)是(shi)(shi)當(dang)地傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)飲食文(wen)(wen)化重要組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)。當(dang)地牧民(min)喜(xi)愛將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)奶(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)酸(suan)奶(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)、奶(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)酪(lao)、酥油、奶(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)皮、奶(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)茶、奶(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)酒等食用(yong)。平日(ri)宴請則(ze)以(yi)手抓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為主,還有(you)血腸(chang)、“古(gu)(gu)日(ri)勒岱”、“祖日(ri)木”、“夏(xia)日(ri)子”、干羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)餃子等。在傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)那達慕盛會上與白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)養殖文(wen)(wen)化有(you)密切聯系的(de)(de)表演(yan)和(he)(he)活(huo)動有(you):搓毛(mao)(mao)繩、騸羊(yang)(yang)(yang)、種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)評比、宰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(剝皮、洗雜碎、剔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)骨)比賽(sai)、撒(sa)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)拐(guai)等內(nei)(nei)容。阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)族還保(bao)留著傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)活(huo)動,它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)集宗教信仰、傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)產、人文(wen)(wen)思想(xiang)為一(yi)體的(de)(de)民(min)間活(huo)動,分(fen)為祭(ji)(ji)(ji)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)。
二(er).自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因(yin)素(su)
1、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:阿拉善盟(meng)地(di)(di)形呈南高北(bei)低狀平均海拔(ba)900—1400米,地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型(xing)有沙漠(mo)(mo)(mo)戈壁、山地(di)(di)、低山丘陵、湖盆(pen)、起(qi)伏灘地(di)(di)等(deng)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)受地(di)(di)貌(mao)及生物氣候條件影響,具有明顯的地(di)(di)帶性分布特征,由東南向西北(bei)依次(ci)分布有灰鈣土(tu)(tu)、灰漠(mo)(mo)(mo)土(tu)(tu)、灰棕(zong)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)土(tu)(tu)。在(zai)盆(pen)湖和低洼地(di)(di)區有鹽堿(jian)土(tu)(tu)和沼澤土(tu)(tu)。著名的巴丹吉(ji)林(lin)、騰(teng)格里、烏蘭(lan)布和三大沙漠(mo)(mo)(mo)橫貫全境,陰(yin)山余脈與大片(pian)沙漠(mo)(mo)(mo)、起(qi)伏灘地(di)(di)、剝蝕殘丘相間(jian)分布。
2、水(shui)文情況:黃河(he)流經(jing)阿(a)拉善左旗的烏(wu)素圖、巴彥(yan)木仁(ren)蘇木,在(zai)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)流程(cheng)達(da)85公(gong)(gong)里(li),年(nian)入(ru)境(jing)(jing)流量(liang)300多億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。額濟納河(he)是盟(meng)內(nei)唯(wei)一的季節性內(nei)陸河(he)流,發源于祁連(lian)山北麓(lu),流至巴彥(yan)寶格(ge)德水(shui)閘(zha)分二支。西為木仁(ren)高(gao)勒,注入(ru)西居延(yan)海(hai);東為鄂木訥高(gao)勒,夏(xia)季分數支,注入(ru)東居延(yan)海(hai)、京斯田(tian)淖(nao)爾(er)和沙日淖(nao)爾(er)。額濟納河(he)在(zai)盟(meng)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)流程(cheng)200多公(gong)(gong)里(li),年(nian)流量(liang)10億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米。賀蘭山、雅布(bu)賴山,龍首山等(deng)山區許多沖(chong)溝中一般有潛水(shui),有些山露成泉。在(zai)三大(da)沙漠中分布(bu)有大(da)小不等(deng)的湖(hu)(hu)盆(pen)500多個,面積(ji)約1.1萬平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),其中草地湖(hu)(hu)盆(pen)面積(ji)1.07萬平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),集水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)面積(ji)400多平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),地表水(shui)礦化(hua)度1—2克/升。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:地(di)處亞洲(zhou)大(da)陸腹地(di),為內陸高原,遠(yuan)離海(hai)洋,周圍(wei)群(qun)山環抱,形成典(dian)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件惡(e)劣。干旱(han)少雨、風大(da)沙多,四(si)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)征明顯,晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)6-8.5℃,1月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-9—14℃。極(ji)端最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-36.4℃;7月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)22—26.4℃,極(ji)端最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41.7℃。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)無霜期130-165天(tian)。由于受東(dong)南(nan)季(ji)風影響(xiang),雨季(ji)多集(ji)中在七(qi)、八、九月。降雨量(liang)從東(dong)南(nan)部的(de)(de)200多毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),向(xiang)西北部遞(di)減至40毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)以下(xia);而蒸(zheng)發量(liang)由東(dong)南(nan)部的(de)(de)2400毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)向(xiang)西北部遞(di)增到4200毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。年(nian)日照時數達2600-3500小時,年(nian)太(tai)陽總(zong)輻射量(liang)147-165千(qian)卡/千(qian)方厘米(mi)(mi)。多西北風,平(ping)均(jun)風速每秒2.9—5米(mi)(mi),年(nian)均(jun)風日70天(tian)左右。在這種(zhong)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)荒漠草原地(di)理環境(jing)中經過自(zi)然選(xuan)擇和演化,形成了獨特(te)的(de)(de)阿(a)拉善白絨山羊適(shi)應性和種(zhong)質類型(xing)(xing)。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)白絨山(shan)(shan)羊主要(yao)產自于(yu)內(nei)蒙古自治區最西(xi)端阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)盟,地域(yu)保護范圍包(bao)括阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)左旗(qi)、阿(a)(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)右旗(qi)、額(e)濟(ji)納旗(qi)等(deng)三個(ge)(ge)現轄行政區域(yu)。包(bao)括巴(ba)彥浩特鎮、額(e)肯呼都格(ge)鎮、達來庫布鎮等(deng)23個(ge)(ge)蘇木鎮。盟境(jing)西(xi)與(yu)(yu)甘肅省酒泉市(shi)(shi)、張掖市(shi)(shi)、金(jin)昌市(shi)(shi)、武(wu)威市(shi)(shi)、白銀市(shi)(shi)相(xiang)連,東(dong)(dong)南隔賀蘭山(shan)(shan)與(yu)(yu)寧夏(xia)回(hui)族自治區中衛市(shi)(shi)、吳忠市(shi)(shi)、銀川市(shi)(shi)、石嘴山(shan)(shan)市(shi)(shi)相(xiang)望,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)與(yu)(yu)巴(ba)彥淖(nao)爾市(shi)(shi)、烏海市(shi)(shi)、鄂爾多斯市(shi)(shi)接壤,北(bei)與(yu)(yu)蒙古國交界。地理坐標:東(dong)(dong)經97°10′—106°52′,北(bei)緯37°21′—42°47′之間,總面積27萬平方公(gong)里。
四.產品品質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
1、外(wai)(wai)貌(mao)特征:阿拉善(shan)白(bai)絨(rong)山羊體(ti)軀結構勻稱,骨骼結實,四肢(zhi)強健有(you)(you)力,公(gong)(gong)母羊均有(you)(you)角,額部有(you)(you)半彎形(xing)粗毛(mao)(mao)(mao),須長(chang)頸粗,體(ti)形(xing)長(chang)方,全身被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)純白(bai),分(fen)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)兩層,外(wai)(wai)層為有(you)(you)髓粗毛(mao)(mao)(mao),長(chang)10—30厘米(mi),內(nei)層為無髓絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),自然厚度4—5厘米(mi),絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)與粗毛(mao)(mao)(mao)混(hun)生,腰(yao)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)較短。公(gong)(gong)羊體(ti)重45公(gong)(gong)斤,母羊體(ti)重35公(gong)(gong)斤。
2、品種(zhong)適(shi)應性:阿拉善白絨山羊體(ti)質結實,抗(kang)旱抗(kang)病能(neng)力(li)強,耐粗飼、耐鹽堿、耐酷暑(shu)嚴寒,在自然狀(zhuang)態下適(shi)應范圍廣(guang),通(tong)過長期進化,具備了穩定(ding)的生態性。
3、肉(rou)(rou)(rou)內在品質(zhi):阿拉(la)善白(bai)絨山羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)具有(you)(you)香(xiang)味濃郁的(de)特點、鮮嫩多汁、無膻味、肥而不(bu)(bu)膩、色(se)(se)(se)澤鮮美、肉(rou)(rou)(rou)層(ceng)厚實(shi)(shi)緊(jin)湊。鮮羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)外表微(wei)干或(huo)有(you)(you)風干膜、不(bu)(bu)粘手,肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色(se)(se)(se)澤鮮紅(hong)(hong)或(huo)深紅(hong)(hong)、有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)澤、脂(zhi)肪呈乳(ru)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),肌(ji)(ji)纖維致密、堅實(shi)(shi)、有(you)(you)彈性、指壓后的(de)凹陷(xian)立即恢(hui)復;凍羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)外表微(wei)干或(huo)有(you)(you)風干膜、或(huo)濕(shi)潤、不(bu)(bu)粘手,肌(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)有(you)(you)光(guang)(guang)澤、色(se)(se)(se)鮮艷(yan),肉(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)緊(jin)密,有(you)(you)堅實(shi)(shi)感、肌(ji)(ji)纖維韌(ren)性強。脂(zhi)肪呈乳(ru)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)。每百克鮮羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中蛋白(bai)質(zhi)含量高于(yu)16.00%,脂(zhi)肪含量在3.00%左(zuo)右,富(fu)含17種氨(an)基酸,總氨(an)基酸含量在29.62%左(zuo)右。