一.產品介紹
阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)地(di)區(qu)自有(you)(you)史(shi)以(yi)(yi)來,當(dang)(dang)地(di)牧(mu)民就有(you)(you)從事(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)活(huo)(huo)動(dong),距今(jin)已(yi)有(you)(you)300多(duo)年歷史(shi)。阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)型(xing)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬克什米爾絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)一支,是(shi)在(zai)阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)特(te)定生(sheng)(sheng)態條件(jian)下,經長(chang)期(qi)自然選(xuan)擇和(he)人工培(pei)育(本品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)育)而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方良(liang)種。1988年被(bei)自治區(qu)政府命名(ming)(ming)為內蒙古(gu)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)——阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)型(xing),是(shi)內蒙古(gu)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)三大(da)類型(xing)之一,屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)兼用型(xing),以(yi)(yi)其絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛細(xi)(xi)柔(絨(rong)(rong)(rong)細(xi)(xi)度為13—15um)、光澤好(hao)等(deng)(deng)特(te)性(xing)馳名(ming)(ming)中外,曾(ceng)榮獲意(yi)大(da)利“柴(chai)格那”絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛獎和(he)中國(guo)第二(er)屆農(nong)業(ye)(ye)博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎。在(zai)歷史(shi)上(shang),阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)被(bei)賜(si)名(ming)(ming)為“軟黃金(jin)”,定為朝廷貢品(pin)(pin)。阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)蒙古(gu)族冬季(ji)服(fu)飾(shi)(shi)、被(bei)褥、毛氈、面(mian)袋(dai)、繩子(zi)及(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)高端產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)等(deng)(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)用品(pin)(pin)多(duo)以(yi)(yi)阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(毛)制成(cheng)(cheng),因(yin)此產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了花色品(pin)(pin)種多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛制品(pin)(pin)、服(fu)飾(shi)(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛、胡(hu)子(zi)可(ke)做狼毫、毛刷等(deng)(deng)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)用品(pin)(pin),頭(tou)骨(gu)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皮可(ke)做工藝飾(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)和(he)紀念品(pin)(pin)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)奶和(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)是(shi)當(dang)(dang)地(di)傳統飲食(shi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)重要組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)。當(dang)(dang)地(di)牧(mu)民喜愛將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)奶制成(cheng)(cheng)酸奶、奶酪、酥油、奶皮、奶茶(cha)、奶酒等(deng)(deng)食(shi)用。平日宴請則以(yi)(yi)手(shou)抓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)為主,還(huan)有(you)(you)血腸、“古(gu)日勒岱”、“祖日木”、“夏(xia)日子(zi)”、干羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)餃子(zi)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)傳統的(de)(de)(de)那達慕盛會(hui)上(shang)與白(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養殖文(wen)化(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)密切聯(lian)系的(de)(de)(de)表演和(he)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)有(you)(you):搓毛繩、騸羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、種公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評比、宰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(剝皮、洗雜(za)碎、剔(ti)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)骨(gu))比賽、撒羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)拐(guai)等(deng)(deng)內容。阿(a)(a)(a)拉(la)(la)善(shan)(shan)蒙古(gu)族還(huan)保留著傳統的(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)動(dong),它是(shi)一種集宗(zong)教(jiao)信仰(yang)、傳統生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、人文(wen)思(si)想為一體的(de)(de)(de)民間活(huo)(huo)動(dong),分(fen)為祭(ji)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)祭(ji)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。
二(er).自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):阿拉(la)善盟地(di)(di)形(xing)呈南高(gao)北低(di)(di)狀平均海(hai)拔(ba)900—1400米,地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型有沙(sha)漠戈壁、山地(di)(di)、低(di)(di)山丘陵、湖盆、起伏(fu)灘地(di)(di)等。土(tu)壤受地(di)(di)貌(mao)及(ji)生(sheng)物氣候條件影響(xiang),具(ju)有明顯(xian)的地(di)(di)帶性(xing)分(fen)(fen)布特征,由東南向西北依次分(fen)(fen)布有灰鈣土(tu)、灰漠土(tu)、灰棕漠土(tu)。在盆湖和(he)低(di)(di)洼地(di)(di)區(qu)有鹽(yan)堿土(tu)和(he)沼澤土(tu)。著名的巴丹吉(ji)林、騰格里(li)、烏蘭布和(he)三大沙(sha)漠橫(heng)貫(guan)全境,陰山余脈與大片沙(sha)漠、起伏(fu)灘地(di)(di)、剝蝕殘丘相間(jian)分(fen)(fen)布。
2、水(shui)文情況:黃河流(liu)(liu)經阿拉善左旗的(de)烏素圖、巴彥木(mu)仁(ren)(ren)蘇木(mu),在(zai)境(jing)內流(liu)(liu)程達85公里(li)(li),年入(ru)境(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)300多(duo)(duo)億立方(fang)米。額濟(ji)納河是盟內唯一的(de)季節性內陸河流(liu)(liu),發源于(yu)祁(qi)連山(shan)北麓,流(liu)(liu)至巴彥寶(bao)格(ge)德水(shui)閘(zha)分(fen)(fen)二支。西為木(mu)仁(ren)(ren)高(gao)勒(le),注(zhu)入(ru)西居延海;東(dong)為鄂木(mu)訥高(gao)勒(le),夏季分(fen)(fen)數支,注(zhu)入(ru)東(dong)居延海、京斯田(tian)淖爾和沙(sha)日(ri)淖爾。額濟(ji)納河在(zai)盟境(jing)內流(liu)(liu)程200多(duo)(duo)公里(li)(li),年流(liu)(liu)量(liang)10億立方(fang)米。賀蘭山(shan)、雅(ya)布賴(lai)山(shan),龍首山(shan)等山(shan)區許多(duo)(duo)沖溝中一般(ban)有潛(qian)水(shui),有些山(shan)露成泉。在(zai)三(san)大(da)沙(sha)漠中分(fen)(fen)布有大(da)小不等的(de)湖(hu)盆500多(duo)(duo)個,面積約1.1萬平方(fang)公里(li)(li),其中草地湖(hu)盆面積1.07萬平方(fang)公里(li)(li),集水(shui)湖(hu)面積400多(duo)(duo)平方(fang)公里(li)(li),地表水(shui)礦化度1—2克/升。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)情況(kuang):地處亞洲大(da)(da)陸(lu)腹地,為(wei)內陸(lu)高原,遠離海洋,周(zhou)圍群山(shan)環抱,形成典(dian)型的(de)(de)大(da)(da)陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)條件(jian)惡劣。干旱(han)少雨(yu)、風(feng)大(da)(da)沙多,四(si)季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)特征明顯(xian),晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)6-8.5℃,1月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-9—14℃。極(ji)端(duan)最低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-36.4℃;7月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)22—26.4℃,極(ji)端(duan)最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41.7℃。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜期130-165天。由于受東南(nan)季(ji)風(feng)影響,雨(yu)季(ji)多集中在七、八、九月。降(jiang)雨(yu)量從東南(nan)部(bu)的(de)(de)200多毫(hao)(hao)米,向西北部(bu)遞減至40毫(hao)(hao)米以下;而蒸(zheng)發量由東南(nan)部(bu)的(de)(de)2400毫(hao)(hao)米向西北部(bu)遞增到(dao)4200毫(hao)(hao)米。年(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數達(da)2600-3500小時(shi),年(nian)太陽總(zong)輻(fu)射量147-165千卡/千方厘米。多西北風(feng),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)風(feng)速每秒2.9—5米,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)風(feng)日(ri)70天左右(you)。在這種典(dian)型的(de)(de)荒漠草原地理環境中經過自然選擇和(he)演化,形成了獨特的(de)(de)阿拉善白絨山(shan)羊適(shi)應(ying)性和(he)種質類(lei)型。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)拉(la)善白(bai)絨山羊(yang)主要(yao)產自于內蒙(meng)(meng)古自治區最(zui)西端阿(a)拉(la)善盟,地(di)域(yu)保護范圍包(bao)括阿(a)拉(la)善左旗、阿(a)拉(la)善右旗、額濟納旗等(deng)三個(ge)現轄行政區域(yu)。包(bao)括巴彥浩特鎮(zhen)(zhen)、額肯呼都(dou)格(ge)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、達來庫(ku)布(bu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)等(deng)23個(ge)蘇木(mu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)。盟境(jing)西與甘(gan)肅省酒泉市(shi)、張掖(ye)市(shi)、金昌市(shi)、武(wu)威(wei)市(shi)、白(bai)銀市(shi)相連(lian),東(dong)南隔(ge)賀(he)蘭(lan)山與寧(ning)夏回族自治區中衛市(shi)、吳忠市(shi)、銀川市(shi)、石嘴山市(shi)相望,東(dong)北與巴彥淖爾市(shi)、烏海市(shi)、鄂爾多斯市(shi)接壤,北與蒙(meng)(meng)古國交界。地(di)理坐(zuo)標:東(dong)經97°10′—106°52′,北緯37°21′—42°47′之間,總面積27萬平方公里(li)。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征
1、外貌特征:阿拉善白絨山羊體軀結構勻稱(cheng),骨(gu)骼結實,四肢強健有力,公母羊均有角,額部有半彎形粗(cu)毛(mao)(mao),須長頸(jing)粗(cu),體形長方,全身被毛(mao)(mao)純白,分內外兩(liang)層(ceng),外層(ceng)為(wei)有髓粗(cu)毛(mao)(mao),長10—30厘(li)米(mi),內層(ceng)為(wei)無髓絨毛(mao)(mao),自然厚(hou)度4—5厘(li)米(mi),絨毛(mao)(mao)與(yu)粗(cu)毛(mao)(mao)混生(sheng),腰毛(mao)(mao)較短。公羊體重(zhong)45公斤(jin),母羊體重(zhong)35公斤(jin)。
2、品種(zhong)適應(ying)性(xing):阿拉(la)善白(bai)絨山羊體質結實,抗(kang)旱(han)抗(kang)病(bing)能力(li)強,耐(nai)粗飼、耐(nai)鹽堿、耐(nai)酷暑嚴寒,在自然(ran)狀態(tai)下適應(ying)范圍(wei)廣,通(tong)過長期進化,具(ju)備了穩定的(de)生態(tai)性(xing)。
3、肉內在品質:阿拉善(shan)白(bai)(bai)絨山羊肉具有(you)香味濃郁的特點、鮮嫩多汁、無膻(shan)味、肥(fei)而不膩、色澤鮮美、肉層厚實(shi)緊(jin)湊。鮮羊肉外表(biao)微(wei)干(gan)(gan)或有(you)風干(gan)(gan)膜(mo)、不粘(zhan)手,肌(ji)肉色澤鮮紅或深紅、有(you)光澤、脂(zhi)肪呈乳白(bai)(bai)色,肌(ji)纖維致密(mi)、堅(jian)實(shi)、有(you)彈性(xing)、指壓后的凹陷立即恢復;凍羊肉外表(biao)微(wei)干(gan)(gan)或有(you)風干(gan)(gan)膜(mo)、或濕潤、不粘(zhan)手,肌(ji)肉有(you)光澤、色鮮艷,肉質緊(jin)密(mi),有(you)堅(jian)實(shi)感、肌(ji)纖維韌(ren)性(xing)強。脂(zhi)肪呈乳白(bai)(bai)色。每百克鮮羊肉中蛋白(bai)(bai)質含量高于16.00%,脂(zhi)肪含量在3.00%左右(you),富(fu)含17種(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan),總(zong)氨(an)基酸(suan)含量在29.62%左右(you)。