一.產品介紹
阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)地區(qu)自有(you)史(shi)以(yi)來,當(dang)(dang)地牧民就有(you)從事山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)業的(de)(de)生產(chan)活動(dong)(dong),距今已有(you)300多(duo)年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)。阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)型白絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)屬克什米(mi)爾(er)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)一(yi)支,是在阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)特(te)定生態條件下,經(jing)長期自然選擇(ze)和(he)(he)人工培(pei)育(本品(pin)種(zhong)選育)而形成(cheng)的(de)(de)地方良種(zhong)。1988年(nian)(nian)被自治區(qu)政府命名(ming)為(wei)內蒙古(gu)(gu)白絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)——阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)型,是內蒙古(gu)(gu)白絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)三大類型之一(yi),屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)肉兼(jian)用型,以(yi)其絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)細柔(絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)細度為(wei)13—15um)、光澤(ze)好等(deng)特(te)性馳名(ming)中(zhong)外,曾(ceng)榮獲意(yi)大利“柴格那”絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)獎(jiang)和(he)(he)中(zhong)國第二屆農業博覽(lan)會(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)。在歷史(shi)上,阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)白絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)被賜名(ming)為(wei)“軟黃(huang)金(jin)”,定為(wei)朝廷貢(gong)品(pin)。阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)蒙古(gu)(gu)族冬季(ji)服飾(shi)、被褥、毛(mao)氈、面袋、繩子及山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)高端(duan)產(chan)品(pin)等(deng)生活生產(chan)用品(pin)多(duo)以(yi)阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)白絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(毛(mao))制成(cheng),因(yin)此產(chan)生了花(hua)色品(pin)種(zhong)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)制品(pin)、服飾(shi)文(wen)化(hua)。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)毛(mao)、胡(hu)子可(ke)做狼毫、毛(mao)刷等(deng)生活用品(pin),頭骨、羊(yang)(yang)皮可(ke)做工藝飾(shi)品(pin)和(he)(he)紀(ji)念品(pin)。山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)奶(nai)(nai)和(he)(he)羊(yang)(yang)肉是當(dang)(dang)地傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)飲食文(wen)化(hua)重要組成(cheng)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)。當(dang)(dang)地牧民喜愛將羊(yang)(yang)奶(nai)(nai)制成(cheng)酸奶(nai)(nai)、奶(nai)(nai)酪、酥油、奶(nai)(nai)皮、奶(nai)(nai)茶、奶(nai)(nai)酒(jiu)等(deng)食用。平日(ri)宴請則以(yi)手抓羊(yang)(yang)肉為(wei)主,還有(you)血腸、“古(gu)(gu)日(ri)勒岱”、“祖日(ri)木(mu)”、“夏日(ri)子”、干羊(yang)(yang)肉、羊(yang)(yang)肉餃(jiao)子等(deng)。在傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)那達慕盛會(hui)上與白絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)養殖文(wen)化(hua)有(you)密(mi)切聯(lian)系的(de)(de)表演和(he)(he)活動(dong)(dong)有(you):搓毛(mao)繩、騸羊(yang)(yang)、種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)評比、宰羊(yang)(yang)(剝皮、洗雜碎、剔羊(yang)(yang)骨)比賽、撒羊(yang)(yang)拐等(deng)內容。阿(a)拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)蒙古(gu)(gu)族還保留著(zhu)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)祭羊(yang)(yang)活動(dong)(dong),它是一(yi)種(zhong)集(ji)宗教(jiao)信仰、傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)生產(chan)、人文(wen)思想(xiang)為(wei)一(yi)體的(de)(de)民間活動(dong)(dong),分(fen)(fen)為(wei)祭公羊(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)祭母羊(yang)(yang)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌情況:阿(a)拉善盟地(di)形(xing)呈(cheng)南高北(bei)低(di)(di)狀平均海拔(ba)900—1400米,地(di)貌類(lei)型有(you)(you)(you)沙(sha)漠(mo)戈壁、山(shan)地(di)、低(di)(di)山(shan)丘陵、湖盆、起伏(fu)灘(tan)地(di)等。土(tu)壤受地(di)貌及生(sheng)物氣候條件影響,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)明顯的地(di)帶性(xing)分布(bu)特征,由東(dong)南向西(xi)北(bei)依次分布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)灰鈣(gai)土(tu)、灰漠(mo)土(tu)、灰棕漠(mo)土(tu)。在盆湖和(he)(he)低(di)(di)洼(wa)地(di)區有(you)(you)(you)鹽堿土(tu)和(he)(he)沼澤土(tu)。著名(ming)的巴(ba)丹吉(ji)林、騰格里、烏蘭布(bu)和(he)(he)三(san)大(da)(da)沙(sha)漠(mo)橫貫全境(jing),陰山(shan)余(yu)脈與大(da)(da)片沙(sha)漠(mo)、起伏(fu)灘(tan)地(di)、剝蝕殘丘相間分布(bu)。
2、水(shui)文情況:黃(huang)河(he)(he)流(liu)經阿拉善左旗的烏素圖(tu)、巴(ba)彥木(mu)(mu)(mu)仁蘇木(mu)(mu)(mu),在(zai)境內(nei)流(liu)程達85公(gong)里(li)(li),年(nian)入境流(liu)量300多億(yi)立方米。額(e)濟納河(he)(he)是(shi)盟(meng)內(nei)唯一的季(ji)節(jie)性內(nei)陸河(he)(he)流(liu),發源于祁連山(shan)北麓,流(liu)至巴(ba)彥寶格德水(shui)閘分二支(zhi)。西(xi)為木(mu)(mu)(mu)仁高勒(le),注入西(xi)居(ju)延海;東為鄂木(mu)(mu)(mu)訥高勒(le),夏季(ji)分數支(zhi),注入東居(ju)延海、京(jing)斯田淖(nao)爾和(he)沙(sha)(sha)日淖(nao)爾。額(e)濟納河(he)(he)在(zai)盟(meng)境內(nei)流(liu)程200多公(gong)里(li)(li),年(nian)流(liu)量10億(yi)立方米。賀蘭山(shan)、雅布賴山(shan),龍(long)首(shou)山(shan)等山(shan)區(qu)許多沖(chong)溝中(zhong)一般有(you)潛水(shui),有(you)些山(shan)露成泉。在(zai)三(san)大沙(sha)(sha)漠中(zhong)分布有(you)大小不(bu)等的湖盆500多個,面積約1.1萬(wan)平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li),其中(zhong)草(cao)地湖盆面積1.07萬(wan)平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li),集水(shui)湖面積400多平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li),地表水(shui)礦化(hua)度1—2克/升。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:地處亞洲(zhou)大(da)陸(lu)腹(fu)地,為內陸(lu)高原(yuan),遠離海洋,周圍群山環抱,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)典(dian)型的(de)大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件惡劣。干旱少(shao)雨(yu)、風大(da)沙(sha)多(duo),四季氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)征明顯(xian),晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差大(da)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)6-8.5℃,1月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-9—14℃。極端最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-36.4℃;7月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)22—26.4℃,極端最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41.7℃。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)無霜(shuang)期130-165天(tian)。由于(yu)受東(dong)南(nan)季風影響,雨(yu)季多(duo)集中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)七、八、九月(yue)。降雨(yu)量從東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)的(de)200多(duo)毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),向(xiang)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)遞(di)(di)減(jian)至40毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)以(yi)下;而蒸發(fa)量由東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)的(de)2400毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)向(xiang)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)遞(di)(di)增到4200毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)日照時(shi)數達2600-3500小時(shi),年(nian)(nian)太陽(yang)總輻射量147-165千卡/千方厘米(mi)(mi)。多(duo)西(xi)北(bei)風,平(ping)均(jun)風速每秒2.9—5米(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)均(jun)風日70天(tian)左右。在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)典(dian)型的(de)荒漠(mo)草原(yuan)地理環境中(zhong)(zhong)經過(guo)自(zi)然選(xuan)擇和(he)演化(hua),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)獨特(te)的(de)阿拉善白絨山羊適應性(xing)(xing)和(he)種(zhong)質類型。
三.地域范圍
阿(a)拉善白(bai)絨山羊主(zhu)要產自于內(nei)蒙(meng)古自治區最西(xi)端阿(a)拉善盟,地(di)域(yu)保護范圍包括(kuo)(kuo)阿(a)拉善左旗(qi)(qi)、阿(a)拉善右旗(qi)(qi)、額濟納旗(qi)(qi)等三個現轄行政區域(yu)。包括(kuo)(kuo)巴彥浩特鎮、額肯呼都格鎮、達(da)來(lai)庫(ku)布鎮等23個蘇木鎮。盟境西(xi)與(yu)甘肅(su)省(sheng)酒泉(quan)市(shi)、張(zhang)掖市(shi)、金昌市(shi)、武威市(shi)、白(bai)銀(yin)市(shi)相(xiang)連,東(dong)南隔賀蘭山與(yu)寧夏回族自治區中衛市(shi)、吳(wu)忠(zhong)市(shi)、銀(yin)川市(shi)、石嘴山市(shi)相(xiang)望,東(dong)北與(yu)巴彥淖爾(er)市(shi)、烏海(hai)市(shi)、鄂爾(er)多斯市(shi)接壤,北與(yu)蒙(meng)古國(guo)交界。地(di)理坐標:東(dong)經97°10′—106°52′,北緯37°21′—42°47′之間(jian),總面積27萬平方公里。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外(wai)(wai)貌特征:阿拉善白(bai)絨(rong)山羊(yang)體軀結(jie)構勻稱,骨骼(ge)結(jie)實,四肢強健有(you)(you)力,公(gong)母(mu)羊(yang)均有(you)(you)角(jiao),額部有(you)(you)半彎形(xing)粗(cu)毛(mao)(mao),須長(chang)頸粗(cu),體形(xing)長(chang)方,全身被毛(mao)(mao)純白(bai),分(fen)內外(wai)(wai)兩層,外(wai)(wai)層為有(you)(you)髓粗(cu)毛(mao)(mao),長(chang)10—30厘米,內層為無髓絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao),自然厚(hou)度4—5厘米,絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)與粗(cu)毛(mao)(mao)混生,腰毛(mao)(mao)較短。公(gong)羊(yang)體重(zhong)45公(gong)斤,母(mu)羊(yang)體重(zhong)35公(gong)斤。
2、品種適應性:阿拉善白絨山羊體質結實,抗旱(han)抗病(bing)能力強,耐(nai)粗(cu)飼、耐(nai)鹽堿、耐(nai)酷暑嚴寒(han),在自然(ran)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下適應范(fan)圍廣(guang),通過(guo)長期進化(hua),具備(bei)了穩定的生態(tai)性。
3、肉內在(zai)品質:阿拉(la)善白(bai)絨山羊(yang)肉具有(you)香味濃郁的(de)特點(dian)、鮮嫩(nen)多(duo)汁、無膻味、肥而不(bu)膩、色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)鮮美(mei)、肉層厚實緊湊。鮮羊(yang)肉外表微干(gan)或(huo)有(you)風干(gan)膜(mo)、不(bu)粘(zhan)手,肌(ji)肉色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)鮮紅或(huo)深紅、有(you)光澤(ze)(ze)、脂(zhi)肪呈乳(ru)白(bai)色(se)(se),肌(ji)纖維致密(mi)、堅實、有(you)彈性(xing)、指壓后(hou)的(de)凹陷立即(ji)恢復;凍羊(yang)肉外表微干(gan)或(huo)有(you)風干(gan)膜(mo)、或(huo)濕潤、不(bu)粘(zhan)手,肌(ji)肉有(you)光澤(ze)(ze)、色(se)(se)鮮艷,肉質緊密(mi),有(you)堅實感、肌(ji)纖維韌性(xing)強。脂(zhi)肪呈乳(ru)白(bai)色(se)(se)。每百克鮮羊(yang)肉中蛋(dan)白(bai)質含量高于16.00%,脂(zhi)肪含量在(zai)3.00%左右,富含17種氨基(ji)酸,總氨基(ji)酸含量在(zai)29.62%左右。