長安(an)寺(si)(si)(si)坐北朝南,三(san)(san)(san)進四合院。自南向(xiang)北在(zai)中軸(zhou)(zhou)線上依次建(jian)有山(shan)門、天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)、拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等建(jian)筑(zhu)。中軸(zhou)(zhou)線兩側(ce)對稱排列著配(pei)(pei)(pei)房、鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou),歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi),建(jian)在(zai)磚筑(zhu)高臺(tai)之(zhi)上。天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),三(san)(san)(san)楹(ying)(ying)(ying),硬山(shan)式(shi)。戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai),與(yu)天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)緊密(mi)相連,一(yi)楹(ying)(ying)(ying),卷棚(peng)歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi)。拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)亦卷棚(peng)歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi),三(san)(san)(san)楹(ying)(ying)(ying)敞廳(ting)。左(zuo)右兩側(ce)是(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),各(ge)五(wu)楹(ying)(ying)(ying),前面出檐。拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),配(pei)(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai),以(yi)抄手回廊銜接(jie)。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)(san)楹(ying)(ying)(ying),歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi),與(yu)拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)共同建(jian)在(zai)50厘米(mi)高的(de)臺(tai)基之(zhi)上。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)長安(an)寺(si)(si)(si)的(de)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑(zhu),體量大(da),形制也較宏偉。后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)寺(si)(si)(si)院的(de)最北端,三(san)(san)(san)楹(ying)(ying)(ying),歇(xie)山(shan)式(shi)。寺(si)(si)(si)內建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)木構件(jian),如梁、柱、枋、額、檁、椽、飛子和斗栱等皆油飾彩畫,瀝粉貼金(jin),金(jin)碧輝(hui)煌。寺(si)(si)(si)內現存明清碑刻六甬,其中以(yi)明成(cheng)化二十三(san)(san)(san)年重修長安(an)禪(chan)寺(si)(si)(si)碑為較早,也較重要。碑文記(ji)載了沈陽(yang)中衛(wei)指(zhi)揮曹輔和曹銘的(de)銜名,據考,二人皆為《紅樓(lou)(lou)夢(meng)》作(zuo)者(zhe)曹雪芹(qin)的(de)上世族祖,是(shi)研究曹雪芹(qin)家(jia)世出身的(de)重要史料。
寺院建(jian)筑有山門(men)、天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、戲樓(lou)、拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),均由南(nan)向北建(jian)在(zai)一(yi)條中(zhong)軸線上。山門(men)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)山門(men)后(hou)有東西配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、鐘鼓二(er)樓(lou)。北面正中(zhong)為天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),面闊三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),小式硬山造,灰瓦(wa)頂(ding),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)露明造。天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側有一(yi)磚墻與二(er)進(jin)(jin)院相隔。從(cong)角門(men)進(jin)(jin)入,便是二(er)進(jin)(jin)院落。緊接(jie)天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)壁(bi)有戲樓(lou)一(yi)座(zuo),兩(liang)檐相連(lian)成為一(yi)體,戲樓(lou)面閣小于天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),呈正方形一(yi)大間(jian)(jian)(jian),為券棚頂(ding)、灰瓦(wa)、檀枋彩畫,風格獨特(te)。東西兩(liang)側建(jian)有配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)。正北為長安寺主要建(jian)筑拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、東西配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)空間(jian)(jian)(jian),建(jian)回廊四(si)座(zuo),把二(er)進(jin)(jin)院內(nei)的(de)建(jian)筑連(lian)在(zai)一(yi)起,頗具特(te)色。
寺(si)院坐(zuo)北朝南,呈長方形(xing),占地5200平方米(mi),有房(fang)屋 130多間。主要建筑自南向北有:山門三間,內有東西配(pei)殿(dian)和(he)鐘(zhong)鼓二(er)樓(lou),天王(wang)殿(dian)、大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)、比丘(qiu)壇、藏經閣。天王(wang)殿(dian)主要供(gong)奉“四大(da)天王(wang)”,大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)供(gong)奉“西方三圣”和(he)八十八尊羅漢。
大(da)殿(dian)(dian)為單檐歇山(shan)結構,灰瓦(wa)頂,斗(dou)拱(gong)為三(san)翹七踩,保(bao)留著明朝建筑風格,面(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian),進(jin)深三(san)間(jian),殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)露明造,檀枋(fang)有彩畫。南(nan)面(mian)緊接大(da)殿(dian)(dian)前檐的拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)為券(quan)棚屋頂,灰瓦(wa),面(mian)闊(kuo)四(si)間(jian),進(jin)深一間(jian),前后無墻壁。東西(xi)兩側壁上嵌有道光時期重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)碑記(ji)兩通,殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)露明造,檀枋(fang)上均有彩畫,斗(dou)拱(gong)為三(san)翹七踩。在(zai)拜(bai)殿(dian)(dian)東西(xi)側角門處豎立清朝重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)碑四(si)通。
第(di)三進(jin)院內正北為(wei)后殿(dian),單檐歇山(shan)造,灰瓦頂,面(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三間(jian),殿(dian)內露明造檀枋彩(cai)畫。其東西(xi)兩側各建有配殿(dian)三間(jian),后殿(dian)西(xi)北角建有方丈室一(yi)座(zuo)。
長(chang)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)內現存《大正藏》兩(liang)部,石碑(bei)六(liu)通,其中(zhong)明成化二十三年(nian)(1487年(nian))《重修(xiu)沈(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)長(chang)安(an)(an)(an)禪寺(si)碑(bei)》有(you)重要(yao)的(de)文物(wu)價值。碑(bei)文不(bu)僅記述了沈(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)衛指揮曹(cao)(cao)(cao)銘(ming)的(de)銜名。經(jing)專家(jia)考驗(yan),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)輔、曹(cao)(cao)(cao)銘(ming)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)《紅樓夢》作(zuo)者曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹的(de)上(shang)世族(zu)祖,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹上(shang)世“世居(ju)沈(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)”的(de)可靠證據。這(zhe)塊碑(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)研究(jiu)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)(xue)芹家(jia)世出身(shen)的(de)極其重要(yao)的(de)史料(liao)。 關于(yu)沈(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市和(he)長(chang)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si)的(de)關系,歷(li)來(lai)有(you)“先有(you)長(chang)安(an)(an)(an)寺(si),后有(you)沈(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)城(cheng)”的(de)說法(fa),又說:“廟在(zai)城(cheng)中(zhong),城(cheng)在(zai)寺(si)里。”事(shi)實也確是(shi)(shi)(shi)如此,長(chang)安(an)(an)(an)本寺(si)和(he)山門相距(ju)甚遠,本寺(si)在(zai)沈(shen)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)城(cheng)大北門以(yi)南、鐘樓以(yi)北,而(er)寺(si)的(de)山門卻建在(zai)十五里外的(de)渾(hun)河岸邊。
相傳(chuan),唐(tang)太宗建都時,沈陽這塊(kuai)地方還(huan)是一片荒原。唐(tang)太宗東巡來到這兒,人困馬乏,就地休息(xi),看見遠處(chu)有個土(tu)崗,雖然(ran)不高,可樹木很多,遮天蔽日,便起念(nian)在(zai)此建寺。于是派(pai)尉遲敬德為監督(du),負責建寺諸(zhu)事。
在(zai)籌建(jian)過(guo)程中(zhong),將軍得(de)到緊急(ji)作戰(zhan)命令,匆匆離(li)寺(si)(si)。僧人們(men)此時還(huan)不(bu)知道把(ba)山門建(jian)在(zai)什么地方,就(jiu)派人飛馬鞭一(yi)指,又急(ji)忙(mang)上路了(le)。于是(shi),僧人就(jiu)帶領工匠們(men)在(zai)渾河(he)北(bei)岸尉遲(chi)將軍馬鞭所指處建(jian)起了(le)山門。斗轉星(xing)移。在(zai)山門和大殿這間,就(jiu)漸漸建(jian)起了(le)沈陽城,形(xing)成了(le)“城在(zai)寺(si)(si)里”的局面。
長安寺內(nei)共存有明(ming)、清碑(bei)刻(ke)六甬,其(qi)中(zhong)以明(ming)成化(hua)二(er)十三年(nian)《重修沈陽長安禪寺碑(bei)為最早,碑(bei)文不僅記述了重修長安寺的歷史(shi),還提(ti)到明(ming)天(tian)順二(er)年(nian)沈陽中(zhong)衛(wei)(wei)指(zhi)揮曹(cao)(cao)(cao)輔,碑(bei)陰(yin)又有成化(hua)二(er)十三年(nian)沈陽中(zhong)衛(wei)(wei)指(zhi)揮曹(cao)(cao)(cao)銘的銜名,經(jing)考證,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)輔、曹(cao)(cao)(cao)銘都是《紅(hong)樓夢》的作者(zhe)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹之上世(shi)族祖,這是研究曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹家世(shi)出身的又一件極其(qi)重要的碑(bei)刻(ke)史(shi)料。
1985年2月(yue),沈陽市(shi)人(ren)民政(zheng)府公(gong)布為市(shi)級文物(wu)保護單(dan)位,并撥款進行(xing)大力重(zhong)修,經(jing)過(guo)二年時間已(yi)恢復原(yuan)貌,建(jian)立了長安(an)寺文物(wu)管(guan)理所,于1986年9月(yue)正式對(dui)外開放(fang)。1988年12月(yue)遼寧(ning)省(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府公(gong)布為省(sheng)級文物(wu)保護單(dan)位。
交通路(lu)線(xian):沈陽市(shi)內(nei)乘坐地鐵(tie)一號(hao)線(xian)在中(zhong)街站下步行(xing)即可到達(da)。