EPS應急電源在消防應急照明中的應用

近年來火災事(shi)故的(de)頻頻發(fa)生讓人(ren)們吸取了(le)深刻的(de)教(jiao)訓，如何解決(jue)好消防應急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)供(gong)電系(xi)統(tong)引起了(le)設計(ji)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)重視。在(zai)正常(chang)情況下(xia)因(yin)突發(fa)事(shi)件中斷(duan)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)后，為保證人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)安全(quan)，必(bi)須設置應急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)。特別是在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)重要的(de)場合(he)，如人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)較為稠密(mi)的(de)商場、酒(jiu)店、寫(xie)字樓(lou)等，在(zai)緊(jin)急狀況下(xia)的(de)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)疏散是一(yi)個很重要的(de)現實問題，從而(er)對應急照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)合(he)理設置提出了(le)更高的(de)要求。

EPS應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統是滿足消防行業特殊要求的應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，當市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)出現故(gu)障能(neng)自(zi)動轉(zhuan)入到應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急工作狀態，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)經高(gao)效逆變提供后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。它具備手動/自(zi)動轉(zhuan)換及供專業人員操作的強制啟動按鈕，超載120%能(neng)正常工作，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)分段保護智(zhi)能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急時間更(geng)長(chang)，整機功能(neng)更(geng)齊備，可靠性更(geng)高(gao)。

EPS應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統可以解決許(xu)多應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。當突然停電(dian)(dian)(dian)或商(shang)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超出臨界值(zhi)時，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)經過高效率的(de)(de)(de)逆變(bian)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩(wen)定、頻率穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)以及(ji)足夠(gou)時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明和設備(bei)運營電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，EPS應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)統能夠(gou)提(ti)供與(yu)商(shang)業電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)或經過穩(wen)壓調整的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，在突發(fa)事件來臨時起到可靠的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急作用。隨著人們(men)觀念的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，安(an)全(quan)意(yi)識的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高，運用集中供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)取(qu)代分(fen)散的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)，是應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明系(xi)統發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)必然趨(qu)勢。

眾所周知，電(dian)力故障常具(ju)(ju)有突發性，不(bu)以人們(men)的意志為轉移，即(ji)使電(dian)網設施(shi)再先進，意外的斷電(dian)也在所難免，同時，火(huo)災與停電(dian)幾乎是孿生(sheng)兄弟，因此，具(ju)(ju)備多(duo)功(gong)能EPS應急(ji)(ji)電(dian)源(yuan)可以解(jie)決電(dian)力保障和消防(fang)安全問題，確保一(yi)些重大工程(cheng)或重要場合的應急(ji)(ji)供電(dian)需(xu)要。

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EPS消防應急電源安裝注意事項

1、電線、電纜及保護管的選用

《建筑電(dian)(dian)氣工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)質量驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)規(gui)范》（GB50303—2005，以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)《驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)規(gui)范》）要(yao)求疏散照(zhao)明應敷(fu)設(she)耐(nai)火電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)采用額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓等于(yu)或高于(yu)750V的(de)銅芯絕緣電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（20.1.4.8條）。《驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)(shou)規(gui)范》中沒有(you)說備用照(zhao)明、安全照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路敷(fu)設(she)耐(nai)火電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)（阻燃電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)耐(nai)火電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是兩種不同技術(shu)標(biao)準的(de)產品，兩種不能(neng)混為一談）。

阻燃型及耐火型電線、電纜(lan)允許(xu)長期工作的(de)(de)最高額(e)定溫度(du)一定要符合設(she)計要求(qiu)，安裝前(qian)一定按設(she)計要求(qiu)驗收導(dao)(dao)線。火災應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)導(dao)(dao)線截面(mian)宜適當放寬。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)疏散照明(ming)線路的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)無論明(ming)敷還是暗敷，在(zai)(zai)《驗收規(gui)范(fan)》中都要求(qiu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼導(dao)(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，而對其(qi)他(ta)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)線路的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)質并末(mo)作出規(gui)定。《高層(ceng)民用(yong)(yong)(yong)建(jian)筑設(she)計規(gui)范(fan)》（GB50045—95）、《建(jian)筑設(she)計防火規(gui)范(fan)》（GBJ16—87）要求(qiu)，當消(xiao)防應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)配電線路當明(ming)敷時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)金屬管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，并采用(yong)(yong)(yong)防火保護(hu)(hu)措施；暗敷時(shi)(shi)，只要求(qiu)保護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)的(de)(de)厚度(du)不小于30mm，未說明(ming)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材(cai)。當采用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)暗敷時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)難(nan)燃型材(cai)料(liao)(liao)且塑料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)氧(yang)指數應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)27以(yi)上(shang)。在(zai)(zai)無設(she)計要求(qiu)時(shi)(shi)，埋(mai)設(she)在(zai)(zai)墻內(nei)或混凝土(tu)內(nei)的(de)(de)塑料(liao)(liao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)中型以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（《驗收規(gui)范(fan)》14.2.9.3條）；建(jian)筑物吊頂(ding)內(nei)必須采用(yong)(yong)(yong)金屬管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)敷設(she)，金屬管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選壁厚1.6mm以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)熱鍍鋅管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

2、應急照明線路的敷設

應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)單獨敷(fu)設(she)(she)，在每個防火(huo)分(fen)區(qu)有獨立(li)的(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)回(hui)路(lu)，不(bu)能與(yu)普通照明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)混用。穿越不(bu)同(tong)防火(huo)分(fen)區(qu)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)應(ying)有防火(huo)隔堵(du)措施。當(dang)火(huo)災應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與(yu)備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源在同(tong)一橋架敷(fu)設(she)(she)時(shi)，中間加隔板(ban)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)敷(fu)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)時(shi)，鋼性導管(guan)上(shang)涂防火(huo)涂料保護。線(xian)(xian)管(guan)、線(xian)(xian)槽的(de)(de)PE保護線(xian)(xian)連接(jie)完成后，經檢查確認才能穿線(xian)(xian)。不(bu)進人(ren)的(de)(de)吊(diao)頂，管(guan)子的(de)(de)支架和(he)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)盒固定(ding)在主、副龍骨(gu)上(shang)；進人(ren)的(de)(de)吊(diao)頂，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣配(pei)件應(ying)敷(fu)設(she)(she)在主龍骨(gu)上(shang)。在對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣性能、導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能和(he)防火(huo)性能有異議時(shi)，按批(pi)抽(chou)樣送有資質(zhi)的(de)(de)試(shi)驗室檢測(ce)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)接(jie)續完成后才能測(ce)試(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻。應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)不(bu)能與(yu)其他普通照明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)混用。

3、應急照明配電箱的安裝

應急照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)工藝(yi)(yi)同普通(tong)照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)箱(xiang)的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)工藝(yi)(yi)，但(dan)應急照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)箱(xiang)與(yu)其(qi)他(ta)普通(tong)照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)箱(xiang)應有明(ming)顯的(de)區分標(biao)志。應急照(zhao)明(ming)配電(dian)箱(xiang)結構及電(dian)氣元件宜選用耐火耐熱型(xing)，當用普通(tong)型(xing)配電(dian)箱(xiang)時(shi)，其(qi)安(an)裝(zhuang)位置應盡可(ke)能避開(kai)易受火災影(ying)響的(de)區域。EPS電(dian)源柜(ju)(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)在電(dian)氣豎井內時(shi)，電(dian)源柜(ju)(ju)周圍應留有散熱通(tong)道。EPS輸出端的(de)中性線N應與(yu)建筑物的(de)接地裝(zhuang)置直接相連。EPS電(dian)源柜(ju)(ju)出線端的(de)低壓斷路(lu)器應選用四極(ji)開(kai)關(guan)；支路(lu)斷路(lu)器選雙極(ji)型(xing)開(kai)關(guan)。

4、應急照明燈具及安裝

安全照明、備(bei)用照明和疏(shu)散(san)照明可用普通節(jie)能(neng)燈、熒光(guang)燈（配電子鎮(zhen)流器）。疏(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示標志燈必須采用消防認(ren)證(zheng)產品。燈具(ju)安裝部位一般在走道及樓梯轉角處。疏(shu)散(san)標志的(de)箭頭應(ying)指(zhi)向通往出口的(de)方向。

燈(deng)具(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)高度(du)(du)由設計決(jue)定。如(ru)無(wu)規定，一(yi)般疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)出口(kou)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在安(an)全出口(kou)的(de)(de)頂部0.2m處，上邊緣距天花板應(ying)(ying)(ying)等(deng)于(yu)或(huo)大(da)于(yu)0.5m。如(ru)天花板的(de)(de)高度(du)(du)較低，也可以在疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)門的(de)(de)兩側(ce)墻(qiang)上設置(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)中心點距地(di)(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)高度(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)在1.3~1.5m之間(jian)。采用(yong)(yong)吊桿的(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)下邊緣距地(di)(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)高度(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)2m。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在樓梯(ti)間(jian)、疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)走(zou)道及轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角處1m以下的(de)(de)墻(qiang)上（轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角處需(xu)增設一(yi)盞標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）。標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)間(jian)距不(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)20m，袋(dai)形走(zou)道的(de)(de)盡頭離標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)距離應(ying)(ying)(ying)小于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)10m。封閉樓梯(ti)間(jian)、防(fang)(fang)(fang)煙樓梯(ti)間(jian)及其前(qian)室、消防(fang)(fang)(fang)電梯(ti)前(qian)室也應(ying)(ying)(ying)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)走(zou)道上采用(yong)(yong)蓄光(guang)自(zi)發光(guang)地(di)(di)面(mian)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)標(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)詳見標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)圖(tu)集《特殊(shu)燈(deng)具(ju)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)》（03D702-3）的(de)(de)有(you)關內容。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)路(lu)線應(ying)(ying)(ying)簡結明了。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)燃燒(shao)材(cai)料(liao)制燈(deng)具(ju)外(wai)殼燈(deng)罩(zhao)，其標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)箭頭指(zhi)向(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)與(yu)逃生疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)方向(xiang)一(yi)致。所(suo)有(you)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)金屬(shu)構(gou)件均(jun)應(ying)(ying)(ying)做防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐處理。不(bu)能用(yong)(yong)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)牌代替疏(shu)(shu)(shu)散(san)(san)(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)。

5、交工

備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)要核(he)對雙電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)相(xiang)序。備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或應急照明(ming)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)作空載(zai)自(zi)動投(tou)切(qie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)前拆除負荷，空載(zai)自(zi)動投(tou)切(qie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)合(he)(he)格，才(cai)做有載(zai)自(zi)動投(tou)切(qie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。燈(deng)具的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻不應大于(yu)或等于(yu)2MΩ；開(kai)關的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻應大于(yu)或等于(yu)5MΩ；燈(deng)具、線(xian)路(lu)的(de)絕緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)阻測試(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)格，燈(deng)具與可接(jie)近裸露導體(ti)的(de)保護線(xian)PE連接(jie)完成，經(jing)檢查合(he)(he)格，才(cai)能通電(dian)(dian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)；照明(ming)系統通電(dian)(dian)連續(xu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)運行時(shi)間應不小于(yu)8h；火災事故(gu)(gu)照明(ming)納入消(xiao)防(fang)聯動控(kong)制，手(shou)動或自(zi)動試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)火災事故(gu)(gu)照明(ming)和疏散指示。