EPS應急電源在消防應急照明中的應用

近年(nian)來火(huo)災事(shi)故的(de)(de)(de)頻頻發生讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)們吸取(qu)了深刻的(de)(de)(de)教訓，如(ru)何解(jie)決好消防應急照(zhao)(zhao)明系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電系統(tong)(tong)引起了設(she)(she)計人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)重視。在正常情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)因突發事(shi)件中斷照(zhao)(zhao)明后，為保證人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)安全，必須設(she)(she)置應急照(zhao)(zhao)明。特別(bie)是(shi)在一(yi)些重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)場合，如(ru)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)較為稠密的(de)(de)(de)商場、酒店、寫字樓等(deng)，在緊(jin)急狀況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)疏散是(shi)一(yi)個很重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)現實問題，從而對(dui)應急照(zhao)(zhao)明系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)合理設(she)(she)置提出了更高的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。

EPS應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源系統是(shi)滿足消防行業特殊要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)應(ying)急(ji)電(dian)源，當市電(dian)出現故障(zhang)能自動(dong)轉入到(dao)應(ying)急(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態，由(you)電(dian)池(chi)組經高效逆(ni)變提供后備(bei)電(dian)力供應(ying)。它具備(bei)手動(dong)/自動(dong)轉換及供專業人員操作(zuo)的(de)強制啟動(dong)按鈕，超載120%能正(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)，對電(dian)池(chi)組分段保(bao)護智(zhi)能充電(dian)，應(ying)急(ji)時間更(geng)長，整機功(gong)能更(geng)齊備(bei)，可(ke)靠性更(geng)高。

EPS應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統可以(yi)解決(jue)許多應(ying)急(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)問題。當突(tu)然(ran)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)或商業電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超出臨(lin)界值(zhi)時(shi)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組經過高效率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)逆變(bian)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓穩定、頻率(lv)穩定的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應(ying)以(yi)及足夠(gou)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明和設備運(yun)(yun)營電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)應(ying)，EPS應(ying)急(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統能夠(gou)提供(gong)與商業電(dian)(dian)(dian)源相同的(de)(de)(de)或經過穩壓調整的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，在突(tu)發事(shi)件來臨(lin)時(shi)起到可靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)作用。隨(sui)著(zhu)人們觀念的(de)(de)(de)轉變(bian)，安(an)全(quan)意識的(de)(de)(de)提高，運(yun)(yun)用集中供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源取代分散的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈(deng)，是應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明系統發展的(de)(de)(de)必(bi)然(ran)趨勢(shi)。

眾(zhong)所(suo)周知，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)故(gu)障常具(ju)有突發性，不以人們的(de)意志為轉移，即使電(dian)(dian)網設(she)施再先進(jin)，意外的(de)斷電(dian)(dian)也在所(suo)難免，同時，火災與停電(dian)(dian)幾(ji)乎(hu)是孿生兄弟(di)，因此，具(ju)備多(duo)功能EPS應急(ji)電(dian)(dian)源可以解決電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)保障和消防(fang)安全(quan)問(wen)題，確保一些重大工程或重要場(chang)合的(de)應急(ji)供電(dian)(dian)需(xu)要。

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EPS消防應急電源安裝注意事項

1、電線、電纜及保護管的選用

《建筑電(dian)(dian)氣工程施工質量驗(yan)收規范》（GB50303—2005，以(yi)下簡稱《驗(yan)收規范》）要求疏散照明應(ying)敷設(she)(she)耐(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)，電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)采用額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等于(yu)(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)(yu)750V的銅芯(xin)絕緣電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)（20.1.4.8條）。《驗(yan)收規范》中沒有說備用照明、安全(quan)照明線(xian)(xian)路敷設(she)(she)耐(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)（阻燃電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與耐(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)是兩種不同技(ji)術標準的產品(pin)，兩種不能混為一(yi)談）。

阻燃型及耐火(huo)(huo)型電線(xian)(xian)、電纜允(yun)許(xu)長期工作的(de)(de)最(zui)高額定(ding)(ding)溫度一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)符合設(she)(she)計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，安裝前一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)按設(she)(she)計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)驗收導(dao)線(xian)(xian)。火(huo)(huo)災應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明導(dao)線(xian)(xian)截面宜適當放寬。應(ying)急(ji)疏散照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)路的(de)(de)保護(hu)管(guan)無論明敷(fu)還(huan)是(shi)暗(an)(an)敷(fu)，在《驗收規(gui)范》中(zhong)都要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)使用(yong)(yong)鋼導(dao)管(guan)，而(er)對其他應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明線(xian)(xian)路的(de)(de)保護(hu)管(guan)材(cai)質并末作出規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。《高層民(min)用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)計規(gui)范》（GB50045—95）、《建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)計防火(huo)(huo)規(gui)范》（GBJ16—87）要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，當消防應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明配電線(xian)(xian)路當明敷(fu)時應(ying)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)金屬(shu)管(guan)，并采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)防火(huo)(huo)保護(hu)措施；暗(an)(an)敷(fu)時，只要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)保護(hu)層的(de)(de)厚度不小于30mm，未(wei)說明采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)何種(zhong)管(guan)材(cai)。當采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)管(guan)暗(an)(an)敷(fu)時，應(ying)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)難(nan)燃型材(cai)料(liao)且(qie)塑料(liao)管(guan)的(de)(de)氧指數應(ying)在27以上。在無設(she)(she)計要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)時，埋設(she)(she)在墻內(nei)或混凝土(tu)內(nei)的(de)(de)塑料(liao)管(guan)應(ying)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)型以上的(de)(de)導(dao)管(guan)（《驗收規(gui)范》14.2.9.3條）；建(jian)(jian)筑物吊頂內(nei)必須采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)金屬(shu)管(guan)敷(fu)設(she)(she)，金屬(shu)管(guan)應(ying)選(xuan)壁厚1.6mm以上的(de)(de)熱鍍鋅管(guan)。

2、應急照明線路的敷設

應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)單獨敷(fu)設，在每個防火分(fen)區有(you)獨立的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)回路(lu)(lu)，不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與普(pu)通(tong)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)混用(yong)。穿(chuan)(chuan)越不同(tong)防火分(fen)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)應(ying)(ying)有(you)防火隔堵(du)措施。當火災應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)在同(tong)一橋架(jia)敷(fu)設時，中間加隔板。明(ming)(ming)敷(fu)管線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時，鋼性(xing)導管上涂防火涂料保(bao)(bao)護。線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管、線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)PE保(bao)(bao)護線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)連接完(wan)成后，經檢查確認(ren)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)穿(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。不進(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)吊(diao)(diao)頂，管子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)支架(jia)和接線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒固定(ding)在主(zhu)、副龍(long)骨上；進(jin)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)吊(diao)(diao)頂，電(dian)(dian)氣配(pei)件(jian)應(ying)(ying)敷(fu)設在主(zhu)龍(long)骨上。在對電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)纜的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、導電(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和防火性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)異議時，按批(pi)抽樣送有(you)資(zi)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)室檢測。電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接續完(wan)成后才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)測試(shi)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)阻。應(ying)(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)與其(qi)他普(pu)通(tong)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)混用(yong)。

3、應急照明配電箱的安裝

應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)配電(dian)箱的安(an)裝工藝同普(pu)通(tong)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)配電(dian)箱的安(an)裝工藝，但應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)配電(dian)箱與(yu)其他普(pu)通(tong)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)配電(dian)箱應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的區分標志(zhi)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)(ming)(ming)配電(dian)箱結(jie)構(gou)及電(dian)氣元件宜選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)耐火耐熱型，當(dang)用(yong)(yong)普(pu)通(tong)型配電(dian)箱時，其安(an)裝位置(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)盡可能避開易受火災影響的區域。EPS電(dian)源(yuan)柜(ju)安(an)裝在電(dian)氣豎井內時，電(dian)源(yuan)柜(ju)周圍應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)留有(you)散熱通(tong)道。EPS輸出端的中性線N應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)與(yu)建筑物的接地裝置(zhi)直接相連。EPS電(dian)源(yuan)柜(ju)出線端的低壓斷路(lu)器(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)四(si)極開關；支路(lu)斷路(lu)器(qi)選(xuan)雙極型開關。

4、應急照明燈具及安裝

安全照(zhao)明、備(bei)用照(zhao)明和疏散照(zhao)明可用普通節(jie)能燈、熒光燈（配(pei)電子鎮流器）。疏散指示標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)燈必須(xu)采用消(xiao)防認證產(chan)品(pin)。燈具安裝(zhuang)部位一般在走道及樓梯(ti)轉角處。疏散標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)箭頭(tou)應指向通往出口的(de)方向。

燈(deng)具(ju)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)高(gao)度(du)由設計決定(ding)。如無(wu)規定(ding)，一般疏(shu)(shu)散(san)出口(kou)(kou)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)安全(quan)出口(kou)(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂部0.2m處(chu)(chu)，上(shang)邊緣距(ju)天花(hua)板應(ying)等(deng)于(yu)或大(da)于(yu)0.5m。如天花(hua)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)較低，也(ye)可以在(zai)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)門的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)側墻上(shang)設置，標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中心點距(ju)地面的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)應(ying)在(zai)1.3~1.5m之間(jian)(jian)。采(cai)用吊桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下邊緣距(ju)地面的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)應(ying)大(da)于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)2m。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在(zai)樓梯間(jian)(jian)、疏(shu)(shu)散(san)走道及轉角處(chu)(chu)1m以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻上(shang)（轉角處(chu)(chu)需增設一盞標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）。標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)不(bu)應(ying)大(da)于(yu)20m，袋(dai)形走道的(de)(de)(de)(de)盡頭(tou)離標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離應(ying)小(xiao)于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)10m。封閉樓梯間(jian)(jian)、防煙樓梯間(jian)(jian)及其前室、消防電梯前室也(ye)應(ying)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)走道上(shang)采(cai)用蓄光自發(fa)光地面疏(shu)(shu)散(san)標(biao)示(shi)(shi)(shi)燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)詳見標(biao)準圖集《特殊燈(deng)具(ju)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)》（03D702-3）的(de)(de)(de)(de)有關(guan)內容。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)路線應(ying)簡結明(ming)了(le)。疏(shu)(shu)散(san)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)應(ying)用不(bu)燃燒材料制燈(deng)具(ju)外殼燈(deng)罩，其標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)箭頭(tou)指(zhi)向應(ying)與逃(tao)生疏(shu)(shu)散(san)方向一致。所有安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)金屬構件均應(ying)做防腐處(chu)(chu)理。不(bu)能用疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)牌代(dai)替疏(shu)(shu)散(san)指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)(shi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)。

5、交工

備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源要核對(dui)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)相(xiang)序。備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源或(huo)應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源作空載自動(dong)(dong)投切試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)前(qian)拆除負荷，空載自動(dong)(dong)投切試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)合格，才做有載自動(dong)(dong)投切試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。燈具的(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)不(bu)(bu)應(ying)大(da)于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)2MΩ；開關(guan)的(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)應(ying)大(da)于(yu)或(huo)等(deng)于(yu)5MΩ；燈具、線(xian)路的(de)絕緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)測試(shi)(shi)合格，燈具與可接(jie)近裸露導體的(de)保護線(xian)PE連(lian)接(jie)完(wan)成，經檢查合格，才能通電(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)；照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)系統(tong)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)連(lian)續試(shi)(shi)運(yun)行時間應(ying)不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)8h；火災事故(gu)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)納入消防聯動(dong)(dong)控制，手動(dong)(dong)或(huo)自動(dong)(dong)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)火災事故(gu)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和(he)疏(shu)散(san)指示(shi)。