一、數控刀柄型號
JT ? ?自動換刀機床(chuang)用7:24工具柄(bing)和(he)40/50號圓錐(zhui)柄(bing)
BT ? 自動(dong)換刀機床用7:24工(gong)具柄和 BT型工(gong)具柄
ST ? 手動換刀機床用(yong)7:24工(gong)具柄(沒(mei)有機械卡爪槽)
MT ? 帶扁尾莫氏圓錐工具柄
MW ?無扁尾莫氏圓錐(zhui)工具柄
ZB ?直(zhi)柄(bing)工(gong)具(ju)柄(bing)
至(zhi)于HSK刀柄(bing)是用在(zai)高速機床上的(de)(hohl schaft kegel)中(zhong)空刀柄(bing),他是個雙(shuang)向(xiang)定位,并(bing)具有的(de)傳動槽,可(ke)加(jia)工高精度產品(pin)。
二、數控刀柄bt和nt的區別
BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)錐度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錐度(du)7:24。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩種刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)制造(zao)標準(zhun)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang),BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日本標準(zhun)MAS-403,JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德國(guo)標準(zhun)DIN 69871。BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)區別(bie)在于機械(xie)手(shou)(shou)夾持部分(fen)與(yu)拉釘不(bu)同(tong),BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)蘭(lan)盤厚度(du)較(jiao)大,機械(xie)手(shou)(shou)夾持槽靠近刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao) ?如何區別(bie)BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)錐度(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錐度(du)7:24。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兩種刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)制造(zao)標準(zhun)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang),BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日本標準(zhun) MAS-403,JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德國(guo)標準(zhun)DIN 69871。BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)區別(bie)在于機械(xie)手(shou)(shou)夾持部分(fen)與(yu)拉釘不(bu)同(tong),BT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)蘭(lan)盤厚度(du)較(jiao)大,機械(xie)手(shou)(shou)夾持槽靠近刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具一(yi)(yi)側,兩個(ge)端鍵槽的(de)深度(du)相同(tong)并且不(bu)銑通;JT刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)蘭(lan)厚度(du)較(jiao)小,有一(yi)(yi)裝刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)用的(de)定位缺口,兩個(ge)端鍵槽的(de)深度(du)不(bu)同(tong)并且銑通。
BT刀柄(bing)還(huan)有(you)一種制造標(biao)(biao)準(zhun) JISB6339,日本(ben)(ben)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)JISB6339雖已替代了日本(ben)(ben)工(gong)(gong)作機械工(gong)(gong)業(ye)會標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)MAS-403,但由于其主要外形尺寸相同(tong)(tong),對使(shi)用基本(ben)(ben)沒影響,所(suo)以許多刀具(ju)制造商(shang)的(de)樣(yang)本(ben)(ben)上仍(reng)然(ran)標(biao)(biao)注MAS-403標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)代號,而未標(biao)(biao)注JISB6339。但應注意(yi),這兩個標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)所(suo)用的(de)拉釘(ding)是(shi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)。
三、數控刀柄如何選擇
1、刀柄結構形式
數控機床刀具刀柄的結構形式分為整體式與模塊式兩種。整體式刀柄其裝夾刀具的工作部分與它在機床上(shang)安裝(zhuang)定位用(yong)的(de)柄部是一(yi)體的(de)。這種(zhong)(zhong)刀(dao)柄對機床(chuang)與(yu)零件的(de)變換適(shi)(shi)應能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差。為適(shi)(shi)應零件與(yu)機床(chuang)的(de)變換,用(yong)戶必須(xu)儲備各種(zhong)(zhong)規格的(de)刀(dao)柄,因此刀(dao)柄的(de)利用(yong)率較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低。模塊式刀(dao)具系統(tong)是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)先進的(de)刀(dao)具系統(tong),其每把刀(dao)柄都可通過(guo)各種(zhong)(zhong)系列化(hua)的(de)模塊組裝(zhuang)而成。針對不同的(de)加工零件和使(shi)用(yong)機床(chuang),采取不同的(de)組裝(zhuang)方案(an),可獲得多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)刀(dao)柄系列,從(cong)而提高刀(dao)柄的(de)適(shi)(shi)應能(neng)力(li)和利用(yong)率。
刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)結構形式的選(xuan)擇應兼顧技術先進與經濟合理:①對一些長期反復使用(yong)、不需(xu)要(yao)拼裝(zhuang)的簡單刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具以(yi)配備整體式刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)為(wei)宜,使工(gong)(gong)(gong)具剛性好(hao),價格便宜(如加工(gong)(gong)(gong)零件外輪廓用(yong)的立(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)、彈(dan)簧夾頭刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)及鉆夾頭刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)等);②在加工(gong)(gong)(gong)孔徑、孔深經常變化的多品種、小批量零件時(shi),宜選(xuan)用(yong)模塊(kuai)式刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing),以(yi)取代(dai)大量整體式鏜刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing),降低加工(gong)(gong)(gong)成本;③對數控機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)較多尤其(qi)是機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)主軸端部、換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)機(ji)械手各不相(xiang)同時(shi),宜選(xuan)用(yong)模塊(kuai)式刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。由于各機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)所用(yong)的中間(jian)模塊(kuai)(接桿)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)模塊(kuai)(裝(zhuang)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)模塊(kuai))都可(ke)通用(yong),可(ke)大大減少設備投資,提高工(gong)(gong)(gong)具利用(yong)率。
2、刀柄規格
數控刀具刀柄(bing)多數采用(yong)7:24 圓錐工具刀柄(bing),并采用(yong)相(xiang)應型式(shi)的拉釘拉緊結(jie)構與機床主軸相(xiang)配合。刀柄(bing)有(you)各種(zhong)規格,常用(yong)的有(you)40 號(hao)、45 號(hao)和50 號(hao)。目前在我(wo)國應用(yong)較為(wei)廣泛的有(you)ISO7388-1983、GB10944。
1989、MAS403-1982、ANSI/ASME B5.50-1985 等,選擇時應(ying)考(kao)慮刀柄規格與機床主(zhu)軸(zhou)、機械手相適應(ying)。
3、刀柄的規格數量
整體式(shi)的TSG 工(gong)具系統包(bao)括(kuo)20 種刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing),其規(gui)格(ge)(ge)數(shu)量多達數(shu)百種,用戶可(ke)根據(ju)所加工(gong)的典型零(ling)件的數(shu)控加工(gong)工(gong)藝來選取(qu)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)的品種規(gui)格(ge)(ge),既可(ke)滿足加工(gong)要(yao)求又不致造成(cheng)積壓。考慮到數(shu)控機床(chuang)工(gong)作的同時還有一定(ding)數(shu)量的刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)處(chu)于預(yu)調或刀(dao)(dao)具修磨中,因此通(tong)常刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)的配(pei)置數(shu)量是所需刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)的2~3 倍。
4、刀具與刀柄的配套
關注刀柄與刀具的匹配,尤其是在選用攻(gong)螺(luo)紋刀柄(bing)時,要(yao)注(zhu)意配用的絲錐傳動(dong)方(fang)頭尺寸(cun)。此外,數(shu)控機(ji)(ji)床上選用單刃鏜孔刀具可(ke)避免(mian)退(tui)刀時劃傷(shang)工件,但應(ying)注(zhu)意刀尖相對于刀柄(bing)上鍵槽的位(wei)(wei)置方(fang)向:有(you)的機(ji)(ji)床要(yao)求與鍵槽方(fang)位(wei)(wei)一致,而有(you)的機(ji)(ji)床則要(yao)求與鍵槽方(fang)位(wei)(wei)垂直。
5、選用高效和復合刀柄
為提高加(jia)工(gong)效率(lv)(lv),應盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能選用高效率(lv)(lv)的(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。如粗鏜孔可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)選用雙刃鏜刀(dao)(dao)(dao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing),既可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)提高加(jia)工(gong)效率(lv)(lv),又有利于(yu)減少切削振動;選用強力彈簧夾(jia)頭不僅可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以夾(jia)持直柄(bing)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju),也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)通過接桿夾(jia)持帶孔刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)。對(dui)于(yu)批(pi)量大、加(jia)工(gong)復(fu)雜的(de)典型工(gong)件,應盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能選用復(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。盡管復(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)與刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)價格較(jiao)為昂貴,但在加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心上采(cai)用復(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)工(gong),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)把多道工(gong)序合(he)并(bing)成一(yi)道工(gong)序、由一(yi)把刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)完(wan)成,有利于(yu)減少加(jia)工(gong)時間和(he)換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)次(ci)數,顯著(zhu)提高生產效率(lv)(lv)。對(dui)于(yu)一(yi)些特殊(shu)零件還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)考(kao)慮(lv)采(cai)用專(zhuan)門設計的(de)復(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。