一、數控刀柄型號
JT ? ?自動換刀機床(chuang)用7:24工具柄和(he)40/50號圓錐柄
BT ? 自動換刀機床用7:24工(gong)具柄(bing)和(he) BT型(xing)工(gong)具柄(bing)
ST ? 手動換刀機床(chuang)用7:24工具柄(沒有機械卡(ka)爪槽)
MT ? 帶扁(bian)尾莫氏圓錐工(gong)具柄
MW ?無扁尾莫(mo)氏圓錐(zhui)工(gong)具(ju)柄
ZB ?直柄(bing)工具柄(bing)
至(zhi)于(yu)HSK刀柄是用在高(gao)速機床(chuang)上的(de)(hohl schaft kegel)中(zhong)空刀柄,他是個雙(shuang)向定(ding)位,并具(ju)有的(de)傳動(dong)槽(cao),可加工高(gao)精度產品。
二、數控刀柄bt和nt的區別
BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)錐度(du)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)錐度(du)7:24。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)兩種刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)制造標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)日(ri)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)MAS-403,JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)德國標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)DIN 69871。BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)區別在于(yu)機械手(shou)夾(jia)(jia)持部分(fen)與(yu)(yu)(yu)拉釘不(bu)同(tong),BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)蘭盤厚(hou)度(du)較大(da),機械手(shou)夾(jia)(jia)持槽(cao)靠近(jin)刀(dao)(dao) ?如何區別BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)錐度(du)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)錐度(du)7:24。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)兩種刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)制造標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)日(ri)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun) MAS-403,JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)德國標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)DIN 69871。BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)區別在于(yu)機械手(shou)夾(jia)(jia)持部分(fen)與(yu)(yu)(yu)拉釘不(bu)同(tong),BT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)蘭盤厚(hou)度(du)較大(da),機械手(shou)夾(jia)(jia)持槽(cao)靠近(jin)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側,兩個端鍵(jian)槽(cao)的(de)(de)深度(du)相同(tong)并且(qie)(qie)不(bu)銑(xian)通;JT刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)法(fa)(fa)蘭厚(hou)度(du)較小,有一(yi)(yi)(yi)裝(zhuang)刀(dao)(dao)用的(de)(de)定位缺口(kou),兩個端鍵(jian)槽(cao)的(de)(de)深度(du)不(bu)同(tong)并且(qie)(qie)銑(xian)通。
BT刀(dao)柄(bing)還有一種(zhong)制(zhi)造標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun) JISB6339,日(ri)(ri)本標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)JISB6339雖已替代(dai)(dai)了日(ri)(ri)本工作(zuo)機械工業會標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)MAS-403,但由于(yu)其(qi)主要外形尺寸相同,對使用基本沒影響(xiang),所以許多刀(dao)具制(zhi)造商的(de)樣本上仍然標(biao)注(zhu)MAS-403標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)代(dai)(dai)號(hao),而未標(biao)注(zhu)JISB6339。但應注(zhu)意,這兩個(ge)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)所用的(de)拉(la)釘(ding)是不同的(de)。
三、數控刀柄如何選擇
1、刀柄結構形式
數控機床刀具刀柄的結構形式分為整體式與模塊式兩種。整體式刀柄其裝夾刀具的工作部分與它在機床上安裝(zhuang)定位用的(de)(de)(de)(de)柄(bing)(bing)部(bu)是一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這種(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)對(dui)(dui)機(ji)床與(yu)零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)變換適應能(neng)力(li)(li)較(jiao)差。為適應零(ling)件與(yu)機(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)變換,用戶必(bi)須儲備各(ge)種(zhong)規格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing),因此刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)用率較(jiao)低(di)。模塊式刀(dao)(dao)具系(xi)(xi)統是一種(zhong)較(jiao)先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)具系(xi)(xi)統,其(qi)每把刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)都可通過(guo)各(ge)種(zhong)系(xi)(xi)列化的(de)(de)(de)(de)模塊組裝(zhuang)而(er)成。針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)零(ling)件和使用機(ji)床,采取不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)組裝(zhuang)方案(an),可獲得多種(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)系(xi)(xi)列,從而(er)提(ti)高刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)適應能(neng)力(li)(li)和利(li)(li)用率。
刀(dao)(dao)柄結構形式(shi)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇應(ying)兼顧技術(shu)先(xian)進與經濟合理:①對一(yi)些長(chang)期反復(fu)使(shi)用、不需要拼(pin)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)簡單(dan)刀(dao)(dao)具以(yi)配備(bei)整(zheng)體(ti)式(shi)刀(dao)(dao)柄為宜,使(shi)工(gong)(gong)具剛性好,價(jia)格便宜(如(ru)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)零件外輪廓用的(de)(de)立銑刀(dao)(dao)刀(dao)(dao)柄、彈簧夾(jia)頭刀(dao)(dao)柄及鉆夾(jia)頭刀(dao)(dao)柄等);②在加(jia)工(gong)(gong)孔徑、孔深經常(chang)變化的(de)(de)多品種(zhong)、小批量零件時,宜選(xuan)用模(mo)塊式(shi)刀(dao)(dao)柄,以(yi)取代(dai)大量整(zheng)體(ti)式(shi)鏜(tang)刀(dao)(dao)柄,降低加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成本;③對數控機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)較多尤其是機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)軸端部、換刀(dao)(dao)機械(xie)手(shou)各不相同時,宜選(xuan)用模(mo)塊式(shi)刀(dao)(dao)柄。由于各機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)所用的(de)(de)中間(jian)模(mo)塊(接(jie)桿)和工(gong)(gong)作模(mo)塊(裝(zhuang)刀(dao)(dao)模(mo)塊)都可通用,可大大減少設備(bei)投資(zi),提高工(gong)(gong)具利用率(lv)。
2、刀柄規格
數控刀具刀柄多數采用(yong)7:24 圓錐工具刀柄,并采用(yong)相應(ying)型(xing)式(shi)的拉(la)釘(ding)拉(la)緊結構與機床主軸相配合。刀柄有(you)各種規格,常用(yong)的有(you)40 號(hao)、45 號(hao)和50 號(hao)。目(mu)前(qian)在我國應(ying)用(yong)較為廣(guang)泛的有(you)ISO7388-1983、GB10944。
1989、MAS403-1982、ANSI/ASME B5.50-1985 等,選(xuan)擇時應考(kao)慮刀柄規格與(yu)機(ji)床(chuang)主軸、機(ji)械手相適應。
3、刀柄的規格數量
整體式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)TSG 工(gong)(gong)具系(xi)統包括20 種(zhong)(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing),其規格數(shu)量(liang)多達數(shu)百種(zhong)(zhong),用(yong)戶可根據所加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)典型零件的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝來選(xuan)取刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)規格,既可滿足(zu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)要求(qiu)又不致造成(cheng)積壓。考(kao)慮到數(shu)控機床(chuang)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)同時還有(you)一定數(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)處于預調或刀(dao)(dao)具修磨(mo)中(zhong),因(yin)此(ci)通常刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)的(de)(de)(de)配置數(shu)量(liang)是所需刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)的(de)(de)(de)2~3 倍。
4、刀具與刀柄的配套
關注刀柄與刀具的匹(pi)配,尤其是在選用(yong)攻螺紋刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)時,要(yao)(yao)注意配用(yong)的絲錐傳動方頭尺寸。此外(wai),數控(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)上選用(yong)單刃鏜孔刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)可避免退刀(dao)(dao)時劃傷工件,但應注意刀(dao)(dao)尖相對于刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)上鍵(jian)(jian)槽(cao)的位置方向:有的機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)要(yao)(yao)求與鍵(jian)(jian)槽(cao)方位一致,而有的機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)則要(yao)(yao)求與鍵(jian)(jian)槽(cao)方位垂直(zhi)。
5、選用高效和復合刀柄
為提高加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率,應(ying)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高效率的刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)和刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。如(ru)粗鏜孔(kong)可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)雙刃鏜刀(dao)(dao)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing),既可(ke)(ke)提高加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效率,又有(you)利于(yu)減少(shao)切削振動;選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)強力(li)彈(dan)簧(huang)夾(jia)(jia)頭不(bu)僅可(ke)(ke)以夾(jia)(jia)持直柄(bing)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)通過(guo)接(jie)桿夾(jia)(jia)持帶孔(kong)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)等。對于(yu)批量(liang)大、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)復(fu)(fu)(fu)雜(za)的典型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件,應(ying)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)。盡管(guan)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)與(yu)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)價格較(jiao)為昂貴,但(dan)在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中心上(shang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),可(ke)(ke)把(ba)多道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序合(he)并成(cheng)一(yi)道工(gong)(gong)(gong)序、由(you)一(yi)把(ba)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)完成(cheng),有(you)利于(yu)減少(shao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間和換(huan)刀(dao)(dao)次數,顯著提高生(sheng)產效率。對于(yu)一(yi)些特殊(shu)零(ling)件還(huan)可(ke)(ke)考慮(lv)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)專門設計的復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。