電風扇工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)及(ji)檢修
風扇的分類:
散熱風扇通常分為以下(xia)三類:
軸流式(shi):氣流出口方向與軸心方向相同。
離心(xin)式:利用離心(xin)力作用將氣(qi)流沿著葉片向外甩(shuai)出。
混流式(shi):擁有以上(shang)兩種氣流方式(shi)。
電風扇電路圖
以(yi)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)常見的家用電風(feng)扇的電路圖(tu),從中(zhong)我們也(ye)不(bu)難看出它的一些(xie)原理,但是(shi)(shi)現在電風(feng)扇產品越(yue)來越(yue)多,其電路圖(tu)也(ye)越(yue)來越(yue)復雜(za),但是(shi)(shi)還是(shi)(shi)萬變不(bu)離其中(zhong)。
電風扇工作原理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流是交流電(dian)(dian)(dian),主(zhu)要的工作原(yuan)理(li)就是通電(dian)(dian)(dian)線圈在(zai)磁場中(zhong)受力而轉(zhuan)動(dong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉(zhuan)化為機械能,轉(zhuan)動(dong)風(feng)(feng)葉(xie),同時由于線圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻,會(hui)產生一(yi)些熱能,所以一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇使用過久表面會(hui)熱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇的原(yuan)理(li)比(bi)較簡(jian)單,一(yi)般在(zai)初中(zhong)的物理(li)課程上都會(hui)學到。
電風扇轉不動的原因
首先還是要確定一下是不是一些外部原因。諸如插頭沒有插好,風扇開關沒有全部開啟,一般的風扇還應該注意是否定時的關掉了,如果這些都沒有問題的話,就可能是電風扇扇本身的原因。
電(dian)風(feng)扇本身的(de)原因可能(neng)包(bao)括了(le)風(feng)葉可能(neng)太(tai)久了(le),電(dian)機的(de)內(nei)阻變(bian)大(da),導(dao)致(zhi)風(feng)葉無法正常轉動;風(feng)扇過(guo)(guo)熱(re)引起了(le)電(dian)機帶負載能(neng)力變(bian)差,導(dao)致(zhi)無法轉動;電(dian)機內(nei)部的(de)保護裝(zhuang)置過(guo)(guo)熱(re)短(duan)路;電(dian)風(feng)扇的(de)啟動電(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量變(bian)小(xiao);電(dian)風(feng)扇轉軸軸向(xiang)間隙過(guo)(guo)大(da)也(ye)會引發電(dian)風(feng)扇問題(ti)。
電風扇轉不動的修理方法
先檢查一(yi)下電(dian)風(feng)扇以外的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)全部都弄妥當了(le);然后如果是(shi)風(feng)葉不(bu)轉(zhuan)的(de)話就(jiu)關閉電(dian)源,在風(feng)葉轉(zhuan)動的(de)軸上面(mian)加一(yi)些潤滑油(you);其他的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)可能就(jiu)會涉及到更換(huan)軸套、拆換(huan)電(dian)容、調整墊(dian)片、電(dian)線(xian)損壞更換(huan)電(dian)線(xian)等問(wen)題(ti)(ti),一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)是(shi)專業(ye)的(de)人員就(jiu)要請維修師傅來看一(yi)下了(le),不(bu)過一(yi)般(ban)(ban)也不(bu)是(shi)好大的(de)問(wen)題(ti)(ti),也花不(bu)了(le)多少錢。
散熱風扇的原理及性能
原理:風扇的(de)工(gong)作原理是按能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉化來實現的(de),即:電能(neng)(neng)(neng)→電磁能(neng)(neng)(neng)→機械能(neng)(neng)(neng)→動能(neng)(neng)(neng)。其電路(lu)原理一般(ban)分為多種形式,采用的(de)電路(lu)不同,風扇的(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)就會有差異(yi)。
轉 速:轉速指風扇旋轉的速度,通常以1分鐘內轉動的圈數(shu)來衡量,即(ji):rpm。轉速與(yu)機電繞(rao)線匝(za)數(shu)、線徑(jing)(jing)、扇葉(xie)葉(xie)輪外徑(jing)(jing)與(yu)底(di)徑(jing)(jing),葉(xie)片形狀及所用軸承等因素有關,轉速增大(da),風量相應增大(da)。
轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)值(zhi)的(de)大小(xiao),在(zai)一定程度上(shang)代表(biao)了風(feng)(feng)量(liang)的(de)大小(xiao),在(zai)條件(jian)一定時,轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)越大,則(ze)噪音及振(zhen)動會相應(ying)加大,因此,在(zai)風(feng)(feng)量(liang)滿足(zu)散熱(re)要求的(de)情況下,應(ying)盡(jin)量(liang)使用低轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。一般轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)大小(xiao)(以(yi)DC軸流風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)例):2510風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)7000~12000rpm;3010風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)5000~9000rpm;4010風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)5000~7000rpm;5010風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)3500~5000rpm;6025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2600~4500rpm;7025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2400~3600rpm;8025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2000~3500rpm;9225風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1600~3100rpm;12025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1500~2500rpm;12038風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2000~3200rpm。
風(feng)扇(shan)轉速(su)可在啟動電腦時通(tong)過(guo)BIOS測(ce)試(shi),或(huo)通(tong)過(guo)其他主板自帶的監控軟件測(ce)試(shi);也可以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)轉速(su)測(ce)試(shi)儀測(ce)試(shi)。注(zhu)意:前兩種方式(shi)必須是支(zhi)持(chi)測(ce)速(su)功能的風(feng)扇(shan)才能測(ce)出。
風量與風壓:風量與風壓的(de)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)方法(fa)有兩種(zhong),一(yi)是用(yong)風洞儀測(ce)(ce)試(shi),另一(yi)種(zhong)是用(yong)雙箱法(fa)測(ce)(ce)。但對于一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)戶而言,沒(mei)有這樣(yang)的(de)設備。只(zhi)能根據廠家提供(gong)的(de)數據作為(wei)參考,最終要看(kan)降(jiang)溫效果。
風(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang):風(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是指風(feng)扇(shan)通(tong)風(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速度之(zhi)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。通(tong)風(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)是出(chu)口面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)減去渦舌處的投影面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速度是氣(qi)流(liu)通(tong)過整個平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的氣(qi)體(ti)運動速度,單位是m3/s 。平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速度一定(ding)時(shi),扇(shan)葉(xie)葉(xie)輪外徑越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da),通(tong)風(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da),風(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)則越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速度由轉子的轉速和風(feng)壓(ya)決定(ding)。通(tong)風(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)一定(ding)時(shi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)速度越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da),風(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)。風(feng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da),空(kong)氣(qi)吸熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)則越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da),空(kong)氣(qi)流(liu)動轉移時(shi)能夠帶周(zhou)能帶走更多的熱量(liang)(liang)(liang),扇(shan)熱效果越(yue)(yue)明顯(xian)。
風(feng)(feng)壓:為進行(xing)正常通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng),需要克服(fu)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)行(xing)程內的(de)阻力(li),風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)必須產生克服(fu)送風(feng)(feng)阻力(li)的(de)壓力(li),測(ce)量到的(de)壓力(li)的(de)變化值(zhi)稱為靜壓,即最大(da)(da)靜壓與大(da)(da)氣壓的(de)差壓。它是氣體(ti)(ti)對平行(xing)于物體(ti)(ti)表面(mian)作用的(de)壓力(li),靜壓是通(tong)(tong)過垂直于其表面(mian)的(de)孔(kong)測(ce)量出(chu)來的(de)。把氣體(ti)(ti)流動(dong)中(zhong)所(suo)需要動(dong)能轉化為壓力(li)形(xing)式稱為動(dong)壓。
為(wei)實現送(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de),需(xu)要有靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)代數和(he),全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是指由風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)所(suo)給定的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)增加量,即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)出口(kou)和(he)進口(kou)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)差。在(zai)實際(ji)應用(yong)中,標稱的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量值并不(bu)(bu)是實際(ji)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)熱片得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)送(song)(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量,風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量大,并不(bu)(bu)代表(biao)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能(neng)力強。因空氣流(liu)(liu)動(dong)時(shi)(shi),氣流(liu)(liu)在(zai)其流(liu)(liu)動(dong)路徑會遇上扇(shan)(shan)(shan)熱稽(ji)片或(huo)元(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)擾(rao),其阻(zu)抗(kang)會限制空氣自由流(liu)(liu)通。即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量增大時(shi)(shi),風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)會減小(xiao)。因此(ci)必(bi)須(xu)有一個最(zui)佳(jia)操作(zuo)工作(zuo)點,即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)性能(neng)曲線與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)阻(zu)曲線的(de)(de)(de)交點。在(zai)工作(zuo)點,風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)特性曲線之(zhi)斜率為(wei)最(zui)小(xiao),而系(xi)統(tong)特性曲線之(zhi)變化率為(wei)最(zui)低。注(zhu)意此(ci)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)靜(jing)態效(xiao)率(風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量×風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)÷耗電(dian))為(wei)最(zui)佳(jia)。 當然有時(shi)(shi)為(wei)了能(neng)減少系(xi)統(tong)阻(zu)抗(kang),甚(shen)至選用(yong)尺寸較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan),也(ye)可以獲得相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量。
風扇的軸承系統:
風扇的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)一般建議最好選用(yong)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),因為扇(shan)(shan)(shan)熱(re)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)通常取決于其軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing),滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)已被證實具有(you)(you)高(gao)效率與低(di)生熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屬(shu)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca),由金屬(shu)珠(zhu)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動,接觸(chu)面(mian)小(xiao)(xiao),摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)小(xiao)(xiao);而(er)(er)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為滑(hua)動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca),接觸(chu)面(mian)大(da),長(chang)期(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)后(hou),油(you)(you)(you)會(hui)揮發,軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)容易(yi)磨損,摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)大(da),后(hou)期(qi)噪(zao)音較大(da),壽(shou)命(ming)短。品質好的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)除(chu)了(le)(le)通風(feng)(feng)量大(da)、風(feng)(feng)壓高(gao)以(yi)外,可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)也是(shi)非(fei)常重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de),風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形式在此顯(xian)得非(fei)常重要(yao)(yao)。高(gao)速風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)一律使(shi)(shi)用(yong)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Ball bearing)而(er)(er)低(di)速風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)則(ze)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)成(cheng)本低(di)廉的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Sleeve bearing)。含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)只用(yong)一個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);而(er)(er)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)都需要(yao)(yao)兩個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),單(dan)(dan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)“1 Ball + 1 Sleeve”,依然帶有(you)(you)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)分。比單(dan)(dan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)更(geng)高(gao)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)雙滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),即Two Balls。含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽(shou)命(ming)一般為10000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),單(dan)(dan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為30000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),雙滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為50000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)以(yi)上(環境溫度均設定(ding)在25℃以(yi)下時(shi))。風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由銅基粉末燒結(jie)而(er)(er)成(cheng),使(shi)(shi)用(yong)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需加潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)以(yi)減少滑(hua)動摩(mo)(mo)數(shu),潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)(you)由鋰基潤(run)(run)滑(hua)脂加特(te)制機油(you)(you)(you)調制而(er)(er)成(cheng)。隨著(zhu)長(chang)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)機油(you)(you)(you)會(hui)揮發而(er)(er)變干,摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)增大(da),風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)受影響,可(ke)能(neng)出現異音,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速偏(pian)慢甚(shen)至(zhi)不轉(zhuan)(zhuan)現象。而(er)(er)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)取代(dai)了(le)(le)滑(hua)動摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca),摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)并克服了(le)(le)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)容易(yi)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點(dian),因而(er)(er)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)強,壽(shou)命(ming)相對要(yao)(yao)長(chang)得多。