布置樓宇自控系統有哪些要點

1、確定BAS系統監控內容

樓(lou)宇自控系統可(ke)監(jian)控的電氣(qi)設備有(you)很多，包括公共照明、空調系統、供暖(nuan)通風、給水排水系統等(deng)等(deng)。用戶可(ke)根據項目設計要求，確(que)定BAS系統監(jian)控內(nei)容。

2、確定設計圖

監控(kong)(kong)內(nei)容確定后(hou)，應進行圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙設(she)計(ji)。樓宇自(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)計(ji)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙須(xu)包括點(dian)位表，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，平(ping)面布(bu)置(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及(ji)BAS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)制方(fang)案和文(wen)字說明。點(dian)位表是(shi)指(zhi)所有監控(kong)(kong)點(dian)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)，BAS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)布(bu)線應安裝于獨(du)立的(de)(de)金屬線槽(cao)或線管內(nei)，確認送(song)審系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與送(song)審點(dian)數表的(de)(de)設(she)備及(ji)監控(kong)(kong)點(dian)匹配一(yi)致后(hou)，才能進行樓宇自(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)布(bu)置(zhi)。

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3、通訊網絡布置

樓宇自控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統系(xi)統為(wei)分布式(shi)智能(neng)系(xi)統，它是整個樓宇自控(kong)(kong)(kong)的核心，其網絡結構分為(wei)網絡管(guan)(guan)理層(ceng)、自動(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)和(he)現場控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)這三(san)層(ceng)。管(guan)(guan)理層(ceng)為(wei)IP控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)，采用TCP/IP通(tong)訊協(xie)議(yi)，自動(dong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)為(wei)數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)（DDC），采用Lon Talk標準通(tong)訊協(xie)議(yi)與數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)的通(tong)信。現場控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)是各(ge)種傳感器(qi)(qi)、執行(xing)器(qi)(qi)，接(jie)入DDC中，實現信號采集與實時(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

4、控制中心布置

中央(yang)控制(zhi)(zhi)中心(xin)直接接入大樓內(nei)部局域網，它是系統遠程監視(shi)、控制(zhi)(zhi)、數(shu)據處理和中央(yang)管(guan)理的中心(xin)。中央(yang)控制(zhi)(zhi)站一(yi)般包(bao)括一(yi)臺(tai)微型計算機、存(cun)儲(chu)器、磁(ci)帶(dai)機、接口裝(zhuang)置(zhi)顯示終(zhong)端、鍵盤、打(da)印機、不間(jian)斷電源(yuan)這(zhe)幾(ji)個(ge)設備，軟件包(bao)括多種(zhong)操(cao)作軟件。布置(zhi)時，按照相關(guan)要求進行(xing)安裝(zhuang)即(ji)可。

5、現場控制站布置

現場控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)站應(ying)根(gen)據機電(dian)設備的平(ping)面布(bu)置進行(xing)布(bu)置，它(ta)可分為兩(liang)類，一類含(han)有(you)(you)CPU單元(yuan)(yuan)，另一類不含(han)有(you)(you)CPU單元(yuan)(yuan)。含(han)有(you)(you)CPU單元(yuan)(yuan)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)站可根(gen)據其所服務(wu)的受控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的要(yao)求(qiu)，配置各種(zhong)必要(yao)的功能(neng)模塊，具有(you)(you)獨(du)立(li)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)序(xu)及基本(ben)數(shu)學模型與(yu)(yu)算法，能(neng)獨(du)立(li)運(yun)行(xing)，包括對受控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)完成(cheng)(cheng)過(guo)程(cheng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的全部要(yao)素(su)。不含(han)有(you)(you)CPU單元(yuan)(yuan)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)站能(neng)完成(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)/模轉換、數(shu)據采集、輸出控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、系統(tong)(tong)(tong)故障(zhang)報(bao)替等功能(neng)，它(ta)需要(yao)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)管(guan)理機保持信號傳輸，計算由中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)管(guan)理機完成(cheng)(cheng)。

怎么挑選樓宇自控系統

現在(zai)在(zai)樓宇(yu)自(zi)動化系統設計中，比較(jiao)流行的(de)控(kong)制系統有分布式(shi)控(kong)制系統（DCS-Distributed Control System）和現場總線控(kong)制系統這兩(liang)種(zhong)（FCS-Fieldbus Control System）。

DCS系統(tong)的(de)結構(gou)(gou)從功能上可以分為管理(li)級及(ji)現(xian)場控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)級，兩級之(zhi)間由局(ju)域網連接成一個(ge)有(you)(you)機整體(ti)，局(ju)域網的(de)拓撲結構(gou)(gou)為總線(xian)型或環形，設用的(de)介(jie)質訪問控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)主要有(you)(you)主從方式(shi)、CSMA/CD方式(shi)、令牌方式(shi)和(he)時間片劃(hua)分方式(shi)。但是(shi)(shi)，DCS的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層并(bing)沒有(you)(you)實現(xian)徹(che)底分散(san)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仍依賴(lai)于現(xian)場控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)站(zhan)。而(er)FCS系統(tong)的(de)結構(gou)(gou)是(shi)(shi)把集(ji)散(san)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)站(zhan)功能分散(san)到現(xian)場智能儀(yi)表中去(qu)，從而(er)形成虛擬的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)站(zhan)，實現(xian)了(le)徹(che)底的(de)分散(san)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

目前，在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)樓宇自動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的設計(ji)中，絕(jue)大多數還是(shi)(shi)選用分布式控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)因為在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)能提(ti)供這(zhe)種產(chan)品的廠家較(jiao)多，而(er)(er)且均為商品化(hua)的定(ding)型產(chan)品。而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)國(guo)外，現(xian)場(chang)總線控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)已經(jing)較(jiao)普(pu)遍采用，因為它比DOS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)有一(yi)個(ge)明(ming)顯的優點(dian)，就是(shi)(shi)它減少(shao)(shao)了現(xian)場(chang)控制(zhi)站(zhan)這(zhe)一(yi)環節，從而(er)(er)大大提(ti)高了系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的可(ke)靠性。因此，FCS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)取代DOS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)已是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種必然(ran)趨勢。當然(ran)，目前在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)采用FCS系(xi)統(tong)(tong)有一(yi)個(ge)困難，就是(shi)(shi)可(ke)提(ti)供符合要求的現(xian)場(chang)智能儀表的廠家很少(shao)(shao)，這(zhe)有待于生產(chan)廠家進一(yi)步開發。