一、英譯中時倍數減少如何翻譯
1、“減(jian)少了N–1/N"
2、“減少(shao)到1/N”或“是(原來)的(de)1/N”
英(ying)語中表示(shi)倍數減小的句(ju)型可歸納為以下幾種(zhong)。
(一)decrease+by+N times
decrease+N times
decrease+by+a factor of+N
(decrease為表(biao)承減少意義的動詞,下同)
這三個句型表(biao)示(shi)的(de)意義一(yi)樣,均應譯為“減(jian)少(shao)了(le)N–1/N”或(huo)“減(jian)少(shao)到1/N”。例如:
1)Since the introduction of the new technique the switching time of the transistor has been shortened three times.
采(cai)用這項新工(gong)藝后,晶體管的開關時間縮(suo)短了三(san)分之二。
2)When the voltage is stepped up by 10 times,the strength of the current is stepped-down by 10 times,so that the power remains the same.
當電(dian)(dian)壓升高到10倍時(shi),電(dian)(dian)流強度降低到1/10,因(yin)此功率保(bao)持(chi)不(bu)變。
3)The water level in winter falls by a factor of three as against the average level.
冬(dong)季,水位比(bi)平均(jun)水位下(xia)降(jiang)三分之二。
4)When the signal has increased by 10 times the gain may have been reduced by 8 times.
如(ru)果信號增(zeng)(zeng)大9倍,增(zeng)(zeng)益(yi)就可能降低7/8。
5)The automatic assembly line can shorten ten times the assembling period.
自動裝配線可把裝配工期縮(suo)短到原(yuan)來的1/10。
(二)N times+弱比較級+(than)
N times+as+表示差、少意義的形容詞(ci)原(yuan)級(ji)+as
這(zhe)兩個句型的(de)意義一(yi)樣,可(ke)譯為“比(bi)……N-1/N”或(huo)“是…1/N”。例如(ru):
6)The plastic casing is three times lighter than the steel one.
這(zhe)種塑料殼比鋼(gang)殼輕三分(fen)之二(er)(或:這(zhe)種塑料殼的(de)重量是(shi)鋼(gang)殼的(de)三分(fen)之一)。
二、英語倍數翻譯常見錯誤
1、A是B的N倍大/長…(或者A比B大/長…N-1倍)
一般有以下兩種英語表達(da)方(fang)法:
(1)A is N times as large/long(形容(rong)詞(ci)/副詞(ci)原形)as B.Eg:Asia is four times as large as Europe.
(2)A is N times larger/longer(形(xing)容詞/副詞比較(jiao)級)than B.Eg:Asia is four times larger than Europe.
(3)A is N times the size/length(形容詞/副(fu)詞的名詞形式)of B.Eg:Asia is four times the size of Europe.
以(yi)上三(san)句例(li)句的中文翻譯(yi)均為:亞洲(zhou)是歐(ou)洲(zhou)的四倍大,或者亞洲(zhou)比(bi)歐(ou)洲(zhou)大三(san)倍。
2、by和to
(1)動詞+by+倍數/百分數/數詞
Eg:The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年糧食產量增加了四倍(bei)。
(2)動詞(ci)+to+數(shu)詞(ci)
Eg:Last year profits rose to$201 million.
去年利潤增長到2億零100萬美元。
3、by a factor of
詞組by a factor of在《朗文雙解(jie)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)解(jie)釋(shi)為(wei)"if something increases or decreases by a factor of N,it increases or decreases by N times."以N倍的(de)(de)系數增(zeng)加或減少。