一、伺服系統是什么意思

伺服系統（servomechanism）又稱(cheng)隨(sui)動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，是(shi)用(yong)來精確地跟(gen)隨(sui)或(huo)(huo)復現某個過程(cheng)的反饋控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。伺服系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)使物體的位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)、方(fang)位(wei)(wei)、狀態等輸(shu)(shu)出被控(kong)量(liang)能(neng)夠跟(gen)隨(sui)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)目(mu)標（或(huo)(huo)給定值）的任意變化的自(zi)(zi)動控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。它的主(zhu)要任務是(shi)按控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命令(ling)的要求、對(dui)功率進行放(fang)大、變換與調控(kong)等處理，使驅動裝置(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)(shu)出的力矩、速(su)度(du)(du)和位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非常靈(ling)活方(fang)便。在很多(duo)情況(kuang)下，伺服系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)專指被控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)（系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的輸(shu)(shu)出量(liang)）是(shi)機(ji)(ji)械位(wei)(wei)移(yi)或(huo)(huo)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)速(su)度(du)(du)、加(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)的反饋控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，其作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)使輸(shu)(shu)出的機(ji)(ji)械位(wei)(wei)移(yi)（或(huo)(huo)轉(zhuan)角）準確地跟(gen)蹤輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)的位(wei)(wei)移(yi)（或(huo)(huo)轉(zhuan)角），其結(jie)構組成和其他形式的反饋控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)沒有原則上的區別。伺服系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)最(zui)初(chu)用(yong)于國防軍(jun)工(gong)，如(ru)火炮(pao)的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，船艦、飛機(ji)(ji)的自(zi)(zi)動駕駛，導彈發射等，后來逐漸推廣到國民經濟的許多(duo)部門，如(ru)自(zi)(zi)動機(ji)(ji)床、無(wu)線跟(gen)蹤控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。

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二、伺服系統由哪幾個部分組成

伺服系(xi)(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)要由三部分組成：控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，功率驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)按照數控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)給定值和通過反饋裝(zhuang)置檢測的(de)實(shi)際運行(xing)值的(de)差，調節(jie)(jie)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)；功率驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置作(zuo)為系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)主(zhu)回路，一方面按控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)大小(xiao)將電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)能作(zuo)用到(dao)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)上，調節(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)矩的(de)大小(xiao)，另一方面按電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)要求(qiu)把恒壓恒頻的(de)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)所(suo)需的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)或直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)；電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)則按供(gong)電(dian)(dian)大小(xiao)拖(tuo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)運轉(zhuan)。

三、伺服系統的主要作用

1、以小功率(lv)指(zhi)令信(xin)號去控(kong)制大功率(lv)負載(zai)。

2、在沒有機械連接的情(qing)況(kuang)下，由輸入(ru)軸控制位于遠處(chu)的輸出(chu)軸，實現遠距同步傳動(dong)。

3、使(shi)輸出(chu)機械(xie)位移(yi)精確地(di)跟(gen)蹤電信號，如記錄和指示儀表等。