一、伺服系統是什么意思

伺服系統（servomechanism）又稱隨(sui)動系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，是用(yong)來精確地(di)跟(gen)(gen)隨(sui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)復現某個過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反饋控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。伺服(fu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)使(shi)(shi)物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置、方位(wei)(wei)、狀態等(deng)輸(shu)出(chu)被(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)量能夠(gou)跟(gen)(gen)隨(sui)輸(shu)入(ru)目標（或(huo)(huo)(huo)給定值）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)意變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)任(ren)務是按控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)令的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求、對功率進行放大、變(bian)換與(yu)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)等(deng)處理，使(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動裝置輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力矩、速(su)(su)度和位(wei)(wei)置控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)非常靈(ling)活方便。在很(hen)多情(qing)況(kuang)下，伺服(fu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)專指被(bei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量（系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)量）是機(ji)械位(wei)(wei)移(yi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)速(su)(su)度、加速(su)(su)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反饋控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，其(qi)作用(yong)是使(shi)(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械位(wei)(wei)移(yi)（或(huo)(huo)(huo)轉角(jiao)(jiao)）準(zhun)確地(di)跟(gen)(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)輸(shu)入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)（或(huo)(huo)(huo)轉角(jiao)(jiao)），其(qi)結構組成和其(qi)他形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反饋控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)沒(mei)有(you)原則上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區別。伺服(fu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)最(zui)初用(yong)于國(guo)防軍工，如(ru)火炮(pao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，船艦(jian)、飛機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動駕(jia)駛(shi)，導彈(dan)發射等(deng)，后(hou)來逐漸推廣(guang)到國(guo)民經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許多部(bu)門，如(ru)自動機(ji)床、無(wu)線跟(gen)(gen)蹤(zong)(zong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。

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二、伺服系統由哪幾個部分組成

伺服(fu)系(xi)(xi)統主要由三(san)部分組成：控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，功率驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)按(an)(an)照數(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)給定值和通過反饋(kui)裝置(zhi)檢測的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際運行(xing)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)差，調節(jie)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)；功率驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)作為(wei)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)主回路，一方面(mian)按(an)(an)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能作用到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之上(shang)，調節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)矩的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小，另一方面(mian)按(an)(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求把恒壓恒頻(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)則按(an)(an)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大小拖動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械運轉(zhuan)。

三、伺服系統的主要作用

1、以小功(gong)率指(zhi)令信號去控制大(da)功(gong)率負載(zai)。

2、在沒(mei)有機械(xie)連接的(de)情況下，由輸(shu)(shu)入軸控制位于遠(yuan)處的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出軸，實現遠(yuan)距同(tong)步(bu)傳動(dong)。

3、使輸出(chu)機械位移(yi)精確地跟蹤(zong)電信(xin)號(hao)，如記錄和指(zhi)示儀表等。