一、防爆電器和非防爆電器的區別在哪里

很多人可能不知道防爆電器到底是什么，用在什么場所的，和普通的電器產品有什么區別？為了更好地讓大家明白防爆電器與普通(tong)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)區(qu)別，在這(zhe)里給大(da)家做個(ge)簡單(dan)的(de)比較。

1、使用區域不同

防(fang)爆(bao)電氣(qi)是按照電氣(qi)防(fang)爆(bao)國家標準(zhun)GB3836（氣(qi)體防(fang)爆(bao)）或GB12476（粉塵防(fang)爆(bao)）設計生(sheng)產(chan)并通過防(fang)爆(bao)認證(zheng)取(qu)得(de)防(fang)爆(bao)合格(ge)證(zheng)，可(ke)以用在危險區(qu)域和(he)安全區(qu)域；非防(fang)爆(bao)的只(zhi)能在安全區(qu)域使用。

2、裝置不同

防爆電器和普通電器的(de)區(qu)別(bie)是防爆電器有一個(ge)密封性的(de)殼體。

該圖片由注冊用戶"淺嘗不止—"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、防爆電器的設計特點有哪些

1、外殼的設計

便攜式、本質(zhi)安(an)全型儀器儀表的(de)外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有時(shi)(shi)采用(yong)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，有時(shi)(shi)采用(yong)金屬外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。當(dang)選(xuan)用(yong)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)時(shi)(shi)，為(wei)保證塑(su)料(liao)(liao)外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)正常(chang)工(gong)作時(shi)(shi)不(bu)積聚危險靜電，其表面電阻不(bu)得超(chao)過(guo)(guo)1×109Ω。塑(su)料(liao)(liao)外殼(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)應(ying)經過(guo)(guo)抗(kang)沖(chong)擊試驗和熱穩定試驗。

正常運行產生火花、電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧或危險溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、功率大于250W或電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大于5A的(de)(de)(de)Ⅰ類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，均須采用接(jie)線(xian)盒(he)(he)與(yu)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)主體進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)連接(jie)接(jie)線(xian)盒(he)(he)就是專(zhuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜或導線(xian)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)進行連接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)部件。Ⅰ類(lei)隔爆型電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)廣泛使用的(de)(de)(de)是隔爆型接(jie)線(xian)。盒(he)(he)接(jie)線(xian)盒(he)(he)內(nei)壁應(ying)涂(tu)耐弧漆，接(jie)線(xian)盒(he)(he)及主體腔上的(de)(de)(de)隔爆接(jie)合面(mian)應(ying)做防(fang)銹處(chu)理，如涂(tu)防(fang)銹油等。

另外，對于防爆電器，要在(zai)其外殼(ke)的明(ming)顯處有(you)永久性的Ex防爆總標志及MA安(an)全標志。

針對某些(xie)地方煤礦(kuang)井下存在(zai)的電(dian)機違章操作現象，我們研(yan)制了QF40型小型防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)起動器，其額定電(dian)壓380V，額定電(dian)流40A。外(wai)殼設計分為主(zhu)體腔與(yu)接線(xian)腔。外(wai)殼為3mm厚鋼板(ban)。隔爆(bao)(bao)接合(he)(he)面的尺寸(cun)及加工精度符合(he)(he)GB3836.2規定。外(wai)殼外(wai)形尺寸(cun)為437mm×308mm，外(wai)殼防(fang)護等級為IP54。在(zai)外(wai)殼的正前方設有銘(ming)(ming)牌，銘(ming)(ming)牌右(you)上(shang)角設有Ex標志(zhi)，防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)標志(zhi)dⅠ（150℃），此(ci)外(wai)，銘(ming)(ming)牌上(shang)還(huan)標有名稱、型號(hao)、額定電(dian)壓、額定電(dian)流、防(fang)爆(bao)(bao)合(he)(he)格(ge)證編號(hao)、安全標志(zhi)、出廠編號(hao)、制造日(ri)期等。

2、電路的設計

首先，電(dian)(dian)路的(de)設計要完成電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)功能，保證電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)原理的(de)正確性。其次，防爆(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)間隙(xi)、爬電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)、絕緣參(can)數必(bi)須符(fu)合GB3836的(de)規(gui)定要求(qiu)。例如，研制QF40型防爆(bao)(bao)起動(dong)器(qi)時，將(jiang)接(jie)線柱的(de)爬電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)設計為不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)16mm，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)間隙(xi)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)10mm。隔爆(bao)(bao)腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)元(yuan)件及裝配布置(zhi)爬電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)16mm，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)間隙(xi)不(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)10mm。隔爆(bao)(bao)接(jie)線腔(qiang)內(nei)(nei)設有(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)接(jie)地螺栓。外殼設有(you)(you)外接(jie)地螺栓。

研制的本質(zhi)安全型鋼弦(xian)頻率計(ji)在正常(chang)工(gong)作和(he)故障狀態(tai)下的最大工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)壓均(jun)不大于(yu)所(suo)設計(ji)的最大允(yun)許(xu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)：它的爬電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)為3mm，絕緣涂層下的爬電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離(li)為1mm，電(dian)(dian)氣間隙為3mm。

3、電源的設計

本質安(an)(an)全型便攜式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)備最(zui)常用的(de)獨(du)立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)都(dou)屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，可按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)最(zui)小點燃(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)曲線確(que)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)(an)全參數。按(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)查出(chu)相(xiang)應最(zui)小點燃(ran)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，再除以安(an)(an)全系(xi)數值（為2），即為該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)設(she)(she)計允(yun)許最(zui)大安(an)(an)全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)嚴重的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)直接短路(lu)。因此，應以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)最(zui)大短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)作為衡量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)本質安(an)(an)全性能的(de)基準。若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)大短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于設(she)(she)計允(yun)許值，必須串加限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)。并且，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)膠封(feng)為一(yi)體，構成本質安(an)(an)全型組件(jian)。膠封(feng)材料有環氧樹脂、硅橡膠、工業(ye)石(shi)蠟等。

例如，我們在設計鋼弦頻率計時(shi)特制的本安電(dian)池組，由4節(jie)5#充電(dian)電(dian)池串接而成，并串入一個(ge)用康銅絲(si)自制的限流電(dian)阻，其功率為5.2W。并用環氧樹脂膠(jiao)液充滿(man)電(dian)池盒整個(ge)空間，灌封牢固。

煤礦井下實際應用的(de)本質安全型(xing)(xing)電(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)，還有許多采(cai)用從動力(li)電(dian)網(wang)引入(ru)經整流供電(dian)電(dian)源。由于輸入(ru)電(dian)路與動力(li)電(dian)網(wang)關聯，所以，要設(she)計成隔爆(bao)兼本質安全型(xing)(xing)。

對(dui)于隔爆型電器的(de)電源，是在上級斷電時，在隔爆接線盒內接線，完成電器電源的(de)連通工作。