一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么

剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作保護(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置是具有(you)漏電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)功能的開關設(she)備(bei)，IEC標準(zhun)定名為剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作保護(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，縮寫為RCD，我國標準(zhun)準(zhun)將其明(ming)確為當電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)線路和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)發生單相接地故(gu)障時(shi)，利用那這個剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)來動作切斷故(gu)障線路和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)源的保護(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。

剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器，發生(sheng)電(dian)擊時，電(dian)流不平衡，總(zong)電(dian)流不為(wei)零，線圈產生(sheng)磁場拉動觸點動作(zuo)，分(fen)開電(dian)源(yuan)。

二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些

1、根據動作方式分：

（1）電磁式剩余電流(liu)保護器

零序電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)的二(er)次(ci)回路(lu)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)經任何放大(da)，直(zhi)接激勵剩余電(dian)(dian)流脫扣器(qi)，稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)磁式剩余電(dian)(dian)流保護器(qi)，其動作功能與線路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓無關(guan)。

（2）電子(zi)式剩(sheng)余電流保護器

零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)流互感器(qi)的二(er)(er)次(ci)回路(lu)和(he)脫扣(kou)器(qi)之間(jian)接(jie)入一個電(dian)(dian)子放(fang)(fang)大線路(lu)，互感器(qi)二(er)(er)次(ci)回路(lu)的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)經過電(dian)(dian)子線路(lu)放(fang)(fang)大后(hou)再激勵剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流脫扣(kou)器(qi)，稱為電(dian)(dian)子式剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保護器(qi)，其動作(zuo)功能與線路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)有關。

2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分：

（1）剩余電(dian)流斷(duan)路器

剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)路器是檢測(ce)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，將剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)與基準值(zhi)相比(bi)較，當剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)超過基準值(zhi)時，使主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路觸頭斷(duan)開(kai)的機(ji)械開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)器。剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)路器帶(dai)(dai)有過載和短路保護(hu)，有的剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)路器還(huan)可(ke)帶(dai)(dai)有過電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保護(hu)。

（2）剩余電流繼電器

剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)器是檢測剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，將剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)與基準值(zhi)相比(bi)較，當剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)超過基準值(zhi)時，發(fa)出(chu)一個機械(xie)開閉信(xin)號使(shi)機械(xie)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)器脫扣或(huo)聲光(guang)報警(jing)裝置發(fa)出(chu)報警(jing)的電(dian)(dian)器。剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)器常和交流(liu)接觸(chu)器或(huo)低(di)壓斷(duan)路(lu)器組成剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器，作為農村(cun)低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)網的總保(bao)護(hu)開關(guan)(guan)或(huo)分支保(bao)護(hu)開關(guan)(guan)使(shi)用。

（3）移動式剩余(yu)電流保護器

移(yi)(yi)動式剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)是(shi)由(you)插(cha)頭、剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置和插(cha)座或接線裝置組成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，它包括剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)插(cha)頭、移(yi)(yi)動式剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)插(cha)座、剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)插(cha)頭插(cha)座轉換器(qi)等，用來(lai)對移(yi)(yi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設(she)備(bei)提供漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

（4）固定安裝的剩余(yu)電流保(bao)護插座

由固定式(shi)插座和(he)剩余電流保(bao)(bao)護裝置組成的電器(qi)，也可對移動(dong)電器(qi)設備提(ti)供(gong)漏電保(bao)(bao)護。

3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分：

（1）專業人員使用的剩(sheng)余電流保護(hu)器

這種剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器一(yi)般額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比較(jiao)大(da)(da)，作為(wei)配電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置中主(zhu)干線或分支線的(de)保(bao)護(hu)開關用(yong)，發生故(gu)障(zhang)影響范圍比較(jiao)大(da)(da)，要求由專業人員來安裝(zhuang)、使用(yong)和維護(hu)。剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)器和大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)路器屬于這種形式的(de)剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器。

（2）家用和類(lei)似(si)用途的(de)剩余電流保(bao)護(hu)器

用于(yu)商用、辦公(gong)樓及城鄉居民(min)住(zhu)宅等建(jian)筑物(wu)中的剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保(bao)護器，一般(ban)額定電(dian)(dian)流比較小，作(zuo)為終端(duan)電(dian)(dian)氣線路(lu)的漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝置，適合于(yu)非(fei)專業人員使用。主要是家用剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流斷(duan)路(lu)器和移動式(shi)剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保(bao)護器。

4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分：

（1）一(yi)般型剩余(yu)電流保護器

無故障(zhang)延時的剩余電流(liu)保護器(qi)，主要作為分支線路和終端(duan)線路的漏電保護裝置。

（2）延時型剩(sheng)余電流保(bao)護器

專門設計的對某一剩(sheng)余(yu)動作電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)能達到一個預定的極限不(bu)動作時間的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)。延時型剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要作為主(zhu)干線(xian)(xian)或(huo)分支線(xian)(xian)的保(bao)護(hu)裝置，可以與終端線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的保(bao)護(hu)裝置配(pei)合，達到選擇性保(bao)護(hu)的要求。