一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么
剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流動作(zuo)保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)是(shi)具有漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護功能的開關設備,IEC標準定名為剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流動作(zuo)保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi),縮寫為RCD,我國標準準將其明確為當電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)線路和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備發生單相接地(di)故(gu)障時(shi),利用那這個剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流來動作(zuo)切斷故(gu)障線路和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備電(dian)(dian)源的保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。
剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器,發生(sheng)電(dian)擊時,電(dian)流不平衡,總電(dian)流不為零,線圈產生(sheng)磁(ci)場拉動觸點動作,分開(kai)電(dian)源。
二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些
1、根據動作方式分:
(1)電(dian)(dian)磁式(shi)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保(bao)護器
零序(xu)電流互感器的二次回路輸出電壓(ya)不經任何(he)放大,直(zhi)接激勵剩余(yu)電流脫扣(kou)器,稱為電磁式剩余(yu)電流保護器,其動(dong)作功能與線路電壓(ya)無(wu)關(guan)。
(2)電(dian)子式剩余電(dian)流保護器
零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互感器的二(er)次(ci)回路(lu)(lu)和脫扣(kou)器之間接(jie)入一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子放大(da)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu),互感器二(er)次(ci)回路(lu)(lu)的輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)放大(da)后再激(ji)勵剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流脫扣(kou)器,稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)子式(shi)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流保護器,其(qi)動作(zuo)功能與(yu)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有關(guan)。
2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分:
(1)剩余電(dian)流斷路(lu)器
剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流斷(duan)路器是檢測剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,將(jiang)剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值與基準(zhun)值相(xiang)比較(jiao),當剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流值超過基準(zhun)值時,使(shi)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路觸頭斷(duan)開的機械開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流斷(duan)路器帶有過載(zai)和短路保護,有的剩余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流斷(duan)路器還可帶有過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓保護。
(2)剩(sheng)余電流繼電器
剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是檢(jian)測剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),將剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)與(yu)基(ji)準值(zhi)相比(bi)較,當剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)超過(guo)基(ji)準值(zhi)時,發出一個機(ji)械開閉(bi)信號使機(ji)械開關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)脫扣或(huo)聲光(guang)報警裝置(zhi)發出報警的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)常和交(jiao)流(liu)接觸器(qi)或(huo)低(di)壓(ya)斷路器(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護器(qi),作為農村(cun)低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)總保(bao)護開關(guan)或(huo)分支保(bao)護開關(guan)使用。
(3)移動式剩余電流保護器
移(yi)(yi)動式剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)是(shi)由插頭、剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)和插座(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)接線裝置(zhi)組成的電(dian)器(qi),它包括(kuo)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)插頭、移(yi)(yi)動式剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)插座(zuo)(zuo)、剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)插頭插座(zuo)(zuo)轉換(huan)器(qi)等,用(yong)來(lai)對(dui)移(yi)(yi)動電(dian)器(qi)設備(bei)提(ti)供漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)。
(4)固定安(an)裝的剩余電流(liu)保護插(cha)座
由(you)固定式插座和剩(sheng)余電流保護(hu)裝置組(zu)成的電器,也可對(dui)移(yi)動電器設備提供(gong)漏電保護(hu)。
3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分:
(1)專業人員(yuan)使用的剩余電流保護器
這種剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)器一(yi)般額定電(dian)流比(bi)較大(da)(da),作為配(pei)電(dian)裝置中(zhong)主干線或分支線的保(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關用(yong),發生故障(zhang)影響范(fan)圍(wei)比(bi)較大(da)(da),要求(qiu)由專業人員來(lai)安裝、使用(yong)和(he)維(wei)護(hu)。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流繼電(dian)器和(he)大(da)(da)電(dian)流剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流斷(duan)路(lu)器屬于這種形式(shi)的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)器。
(2)家(jia)用和類似用途的剩(sheng)余電(dian)流保護器
用(yong)于(yu)商用(yong)、辦公樓及城鄉(xiang)居民住宅等建筑物中的剩(sheng)余電流(liu)保護器,一般額定電流(liu)比較小,作為終(zhong)端電氣線路的漏(lou)電保護裝置,適合于(yu)非專(zhuan)業人員(yuan)使用(yong)。主要是家用(yong)剩(sheng)余電流(liu)斷路器和(he)移(yi)動式剩(sheng)余電流(liu)保護器。
4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分:
(1)一(yi)般型剩余(yu)電流保護器
無故(gu)障延時(shi)的剩余電(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)器,主要作為分支線路和終端線路的漏(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)裝置。
(2)延時型(xing)剩余電流保(bao)護器
專門設(she)計的(de)對某一剩(sheng)余動作(zuo)電流值能(neng)達(da)到一個預定的(de)極(ji)限不(bu)動作(zuo)時間的(de)剩(sheng)余電流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器。延時型剩(sheng)余電流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器主要作(zuo)為主干(gan)線(xian)或分支(zhi)線(xian)的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi),可以與終(zhong)端(duan)線(xian)路的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)配合,達(da)到選擇(ze)性保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)要求。