如何正確選擇小(xiao)麥品種(zhong)
正確選(xuan)擇小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)品種,是實現小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)高產(chan)的關鍵。面對市場(chang)上(shang)眾多(duo)不一的小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)品種,究竟該如何選(xuan)擇呢?根據近年來(lai)不同小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)品種的表現,焦作市農技站提醒廣大農民,在選(xuan)擇小(xiao)(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)種子時(shi),應把(ba)握(wo)好以(yi)下幾個原(yuan)則:
一(yi)是(shi)因(yin)地(di)選(xuan)擇小麥(mai)(mai)品種(zhong)(zhong)。因(yin)地(di)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)就是(shi)指根據種(zhong)(zhong)麥(mai)(mai)地(di)塊(kuai)所在的區域(yu),進行(xing)合理選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)。平原區以(yi)豫麥(mai)(mai)49、豫麥(mai)(mai)58、豫麥(mai)(mai)25、溫麥(mai)(mai)19號等(deng)系列為(wei)主,搭(da)配種(zhong)(zhong)植周(zhou)麥(mai)(mai)16、周(zhou)麥(mai)(mai)18等(deng);丘陵、灘區以(yi)及旱地(di)以(yi)豫麥(mai)(mai)25為(wei)主,搭(da)配豫麥(mai)(mai)41、孟12等(deng)。
二是(shi)因時(shi)選(xuan)擇小麥(mai)(mai)(mai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。因時(shi)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)就是(shi)根(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)麥(mai)(mai)(mai)時(shi)期(qi),進行(xing)合(he)(he)理選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。如(ru)果在10月3日(ri)至20日(ri)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),應選(xuan)擇半冬性品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主要有豫麥(mai)(mai)(mai)49、豫麥(mai)(mai)(mai)58、豫麥(mai)(mai)(mai)41、豫麥(mai)(mai)(mai)25、溫麥(mai)(mai)(mai)19號、周麥(mai)(mai)(mai)16、周麥(mai)(mai)(mai)10、孟12等品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在購買時(shi),要結合(he)(he)地塊所在的區域(yu),進行(xing)合(he)(he)理選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。因特殊原因,需在10月20日(ri)后播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)及稻田、棉田等晚茬地,應選(xuan)擇弱春性品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)豫麥(mai)(mai)(mai)18、溫優1號等。
三是確(que)(que)定適宜(yi)(yi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)期和播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。根據品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing),合理(li)確(que)(que)定小麥播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)期和播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。在當前農業生產和氣候條件(jian)下,半冬(dong)性(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)或播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)過大易造成減產,弱(ruo)春性(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)早播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)易形(xing)成凍(dong)害。因此,半冬(dong)性(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)宜(yi)(yi)在10月3日(ri)至20日(ri)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為6~9公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),如果整地質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)差、墑情不足,可適當增加(jia)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。弱(ruo)春性(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)宜(yi)(yi)在10月20日(ri)以后(hou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),每(mei)(mei)(mei)晚(wan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)天,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)增加(jia)0.5公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。