如何正確安裝木地板 防止踩踏發出聲響
多種原因都能(neng)導致地(di)板(ban)產生響(xiang)聲。為了避免響(xiang)聲的(de)出現(xian),要(yao)選擇正(zheng)確的(de)安裝方法,搞好地(di)板(ban)的(de)防潮處(chu)理(li)(li),合理(li)(li)預留縫(feng)隙,為消(xiao)費(fei)者提供正(zheng)確使用(yong)維護方法。地(di)板(ban)的(de)響(xiang)聲一旦出現(xian)是(shi)很難處(chu)理(li)(li),所(suo)以要(yao)采(cai)取積極的(de)預防措(cuo)施(shi)就顯的(de)十分(fen)重要(yao)。找出原因以后對癥下藥。
想(xiang)讓地(di)(di)板沒(mei)有響(xiang)聲(sheng)(sheng),就要先找出地(di)(di)板發(fa)出響(xiang)聲(sheng)(sheng)的原因(yin),一(yi)般來說,地(di)(di)板有響(xiang)聲(sheng)(sheng)的原因(yin)有以下幾點:
按(an)照木地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)鋪裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、驗(yan)收和使用(yong)規(gui)范(GB/T20238-2006),地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)平(ping)整度(du)為≤5mm/2m,安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)木龍骨(gu)后(hou)的(de)平(ping)整度(du)為≤3mm/2m,實際(ji)地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)平(ping)整度(du)很難達到要(yao)求(qiu),安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)人員不得不在木龍骨(gu)的(de)下(xia)面加墊(dian)片(pian),有(you)的(de)是(shi)墊(dian)片(pian)沒有(you)墊(dian)實或者(zhe)沒有(you)墊(dian)平(ping),地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后(hou),地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)的(de)部分(fen)位置沒有(you)完全與木龍骨(gu)接觸(chu),人們在地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)上走動時就(jiu)(jiu)產生響聲。這種(zhong)情況是(shi)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)后(hou)立即(ji)就(jiu)(jiu)會響,而且是(shi)局部的(de)。
1、木龍骨的距離不宜太遠,不要超過350mm。
有(you)的(de)木(mu)龍骨的(de)距離在450mm或者還要遠(yuan),當體重(zhong)較大的(de)人員單腳踩在單條地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)上時,地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)向下產生較大的(de)撓度,地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)側邊與相鄰的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)發生摩(mo)擦,產生響(xiang)聲。如果是這種(zhong)原因,只要踩單條地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)就(jiu)會(hui)響(xiang),踩多條地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)就(jiu)不(bu)會(hui)響(xiang),而且也(ye)是安裝后(hou)就(jiu)會(hui)發生。
2、木龍骨的含水率相差較大
有些地(di)區(qu),木龍骨(gu)不(bu)進(jin)行干燥,隨(sui)意在露天堆放(fang)(fang),木龍骨(gu)的(de)(de)含水(shui)率相差較大(da)。同批(pi)木龍骨(gu)中(zhong),有的(de)(de)含水(shui)率在10%左右,有的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)達25%以(yi)上(shang)。即使(shi)是安裝(zhuang)人員把木龍骨(gu)找的(de)(de)很平(ping),地(di)板安裝(zhuang)后暫時可能(neng)不(bu)響,在使(shi)用(yong)過程中(zhong),木龍骨(gu)的(de)(de)含水(shui)率重(zhong)新平(ping)衡(heng)后,就會出現高(gao)(gao)低不(bu)平(ping),走動在地(di)板上(shang)面就會產生(sheng)響聲。特點是:安裝(zhuang)時不(bu)響,在使(shi)用(yong)一段時間后響。產生(sheng)響聲區(qu)域不(bu)多(duo)。北京地(di)區(qu)大(da)的(de)(de)品牌用(yong)的(de)(de)木龍骨(gu)都(dou)要進(jin)行干燥,也(ye)有的(de)(de)經(jing)銷商采取打完木龍骨(gu),暫時不(bu)安裝(zhuang)地(di)板,放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)一周左右,重(zhong)新找平(ping)再鋪裝(zhuang),就可以(yi)降(jiang)低此類(lei)問題(ti)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)概率。
3、防潮措施不當
地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)安裝(zhuang)時(shi)(shi),由于(yu)防(fang)潮措(cuo)施不(bu)(bu)(bu)當,地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)受潮后產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)瓦狀變(bian)形,瓦狀變(bian)形比較嚴(yan)重時(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)響聲,因(yin)為地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)過度膨脹,相互之間擠的(de)(de)比較緊,此(ci)時(shi)(shi)人們在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)走(zou)動(dong),地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)上(shang)(shang)下運動(dong),因(yin)此(ci)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)相互的(de)(de)摩擦和(he)響聲。消(xiao)費者主要投訴的(de)(de)是地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)變(bian)形或板(ban)(ban)面擠裂。如(ru)果地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)(de)水(shui)分(fen)跑完以(yi)后,地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)水(shui)分(fen)繼續下降到(dao)正(zheng)常(chang)狀態(tai),地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)之間出現了(le)縫隙(xi),地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)瓦狀還沒(mei)有完全消(xiao)失,瓦狀的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)木(mu)龍(long)骨的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)面象蹺蹺板(ban)(ban)一樣,人們在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)走(zou)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)就會(hui)感到(dao)處處都響。
這(zhe)(zhe)種情(qing)況是(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)經歷了一個(ge)(ge)潮(chao)濕期(qi),然后再進入干燥期(qi)后才發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),多出現在北方(fang)(fang)的(de)冬季。另(ling)外,還(huan)有(you)(you)一種較特(te)殊(shu)的(de)情(qing)況,在地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)安裝(zhuang)過程中,雖然防(fang)潮(chao)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)做好,由于地(di)(di)面的(de)水分不是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)(hen)高,地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)出現了輕(qing)微的(de)鼓包和輕(qing)微的(de)瓦狀(zhuang)變(bian)形,甚(shen)至在視(shi)覺上(shang)還(huan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)感覺地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)已(yi)經產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)鼓包和瓦狀(zhuang)變(bian)形。實際上(shang)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)已(yi)經與木(mu)龍(long)(long)骨之間(jian)(jian)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了輕(qing)微的(de)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi),當(dang)人(ren)(ren)們(men)踩(cai)(cai)在地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)響聲。這(zhe)(zhe)類問題的(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)安裝(zhuang)后很(hen)(hen)短(duan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)就(jiu)(jiu)會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)響聲,而且越(yue)來越(yue)多,越(yue)來越(yue)重(zhong)。最短(duan)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian),在安裝(zhuang)次(ci)(ci)日就(jiu)(jiu)會響。有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)也經常問:踩(cai)(cai)同(tong)一處地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban),第一腳(jiao)踩(cai)(cai)下會響,踩(cai)(cai)幾腳(jiao)以后就(jiu)(jiu)不響了,過一會重(zhong)新(xin)踩(cai)(cai)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)又會響,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為什(shen)么?其(qi)實很(hen)(hen)簡單,我(wo)們(men)多次(ci)(ci)踩(cai)(cai)同(tong)一個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)時(shi),地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)已(yi)經與木(mu)龍(long)(long)骨嚴密接觸,地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)上(shang)下運動的(de)空(kong)間(jian)(jian),地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)也就(jiu)(jiu)不響了。當(dang)我(wo)們(men)踩(cai)(cai)其(qi)它地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)時(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)里的(de)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)又凸起,與木(mu)龍(long)(long)骨有(you)(you)了間(jian)(jian)隙(xi),所以,再次(ci)(ci)踩(cai)(cai)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)又會產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)響聲。
4、預留縫隙不足
實木(mu)地(di)板有干縮濕脹的(de)特性,安裝(zhuang)地(di)板時(shi)必須根據地(di)板實際的(de)含水(shui)率(lv),木(mu)材的(de)干縮系數,本地(di)區的(de)平衡含水(shui)率(lv)合理預留地(di)板條之間(jian)的(de)縫隙。
假如(ru)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)安裝時地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)條之間的(de)預留縫(feng)隙不足,地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)產生輕(qing)微(wei)的(de)擠(ji)壓(ya),個別地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)輕(qing)微(wei)凸起(qi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)與木龍(long)骨或墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)之間產生間隙,人在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)行走(zou)產生響(xiang)聲(sheng)。根據木地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)鋪裝、驗收(shou)和使用規范(GB/T20238-2006),實木地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)安裝時,在(zai)木龍(long)骨上(shang)打墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng),并(bing)在(zai)墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)面(mian)鋪防(fang)潮(chao)(chao)膜,可以有效的(de)控制外界環境(jing)對地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang),預防(fang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)的(de)瓦狀變形。墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)通常(chang)用毛地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)或人造板(ban)(ban),許多安裝人員(yuan)在(zai)使用膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)或細木工板(ban)(ban)做(zuo)墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)時,整張將細木工或膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)鋪在(zai)木龍(long)骨的(de)上(shang)面(mian),而且墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)之間沒(mei)留縫(feng)隙,受潮(chao)(chao)后墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)起(qi)鼓,導(dao)致(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)起(qi)鼓,也會產生響(xiang)聲(sheng)。
地板(ban)下面(mian)的墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)應鋸切成尺寸不大于600×600mm,每塊墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)間要留不小于5mm的縫隙(xi)(xi)。然后再在(zai)墊(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)上面(mian)鋪防(fang)潮膜,在(zai)防(fang)潮膜上面(mian)安裝地板(ban),并科學(xue)合理預留縫隙(xi)(xi)。就可以解決(jue)大部(bu)分(fen)的響聲。
綜上,多種原因都能導致地板產生響聲。為了避免響聲的出現,要選擇正確的安裝方法,搞好地板的防潮處理,合理預留縫隙,為消費者提供正確使用維護方法。地板的響聲一旦出現是很難處理,所以要采取積極的預防措施就顯的十分重要。找出原因以后對癥下藥。