志丹羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉,盛名已(yi)久(jiu),自古(gu)有(you)(you)“山(shan)保安,牛(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)”之(zhi)說(shuo)。早在(zai)春秋戰國(guo)時期,志丹就是狄戎等(deng)少(shao)數民(min)族的游牧(mu)區,到北宋,牧(mu)業已(yi)很(hen)發達。宋廷曾(ceng)令保安軍榷(que)場(chang)每年貢羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)2萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。清代縣(xian)訓導武(wu)東(dong)旭《山(shan)城四時詩》云:“山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夏(xia)日好風光,火(huo)傘凌空亦不妨。款(kuan)客何(he)愁(chou)人帶熱,當窗詎東(dong)草迎涼(liang)。雖無竹簟眠能(neng)穩,即少(shao)荷筒飲自香。惟有(you)(you)癡蠅揮不盡,腥膻易惹是牛(niu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。”《保安縣(xian)志略》載,清同(tong)治后(hou)期,“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)為最多,牛(niu)驢次之(zhi),騾馬很(hen)少(shao)”。1949年,全(quan)縣(xian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)約(yue)7萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)近(jin)5萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。1955年達14萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10余萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。1965年達20萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)近(jin)17萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至(zhi)1997年羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)共計25萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)23萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),當年出欄羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)9萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)8.3萬(wan)(wan)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
志丹(dan)縣位于(yu)延安市西北(bei)部(bu),屬黃土(tu)高原丘陵溝壑(he)區(qu)。從全(quan)國山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)分布區(qu)域(yu)劃分,位于(yu)農牧交錯(cuo)區(qu),也是子午(wu)嶺山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)繁衍適(shi)生區(qu)。境內(nei)土(tu)地廣闊(kuo),牧草(cao)資源豐富,養羊(yang)(yang)業歷史悠久,處于(yu)全(quan)縣主導產業第一(yi)位。
全縣現有牧草(cao)228萬(wan)畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)人工(gong)種草(cao)6.5萬(wan)畝(mu),大部(bu)分處于海拔1093一1600米左右(you),以(yi)多年(nian)生禾本(ben)科(ke)的(de)草(cao)本(ben)植物為主,其(qi)次為菊科(ke)、豆科(ke)等。有針茅、冰草(cao)、芨芨草(cao)、蒿類、虎榛(zhen)、黃(huang)薔薇(wei)、百里(li)香(xiang)、檸(ning)條、狼(lang)牙刺(ci)等優良牧草(cao)。
志丹羊(yang)(yang)子有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)、綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)兩種。食用以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)為主,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)有陜北黑(hei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)、奶山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)和(he)遼寧白(bai)絨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)及其(qi)雜交改良后代等。羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量均在千噸(dun)以上(shang)。1997年(nian)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)產(chan)(chan)量為1160噸(dun),其(qi)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)達(da)1080噸(dun),居全市第二。
志丹羊肉的(de)吃法(fa)有很多,其中紅燒(shao)羊肉、羊雜湯、羊肉出鍋(guo)等是(shi)當地尤其受歡迎(ying)的(de)特(te)色做法(fa)。