芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

張高水(shui)杏(xing)是指生長于(yu)山(shan)東省(sheng)鄒平(ping)縣(xian)張高的水(shui)杏(xing)，有十多個水(shui)杏(xing)品種，為地(di)方特產。

張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏是生長在(zai)特異自然環境的地方特產，個大(da)如桃，皮(pi)色鮮艷，脆而(er)酸甜，香味濃郁，清(qing)爽(shuang)可(ke)(ke)口，營(ying)(ying)養豐富。鄒(zou)平縣(xian)張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏距今已有400多年的栽(zai)培歷史，久(jiu)負盛名。水(shui)(shui)杏除鮮食外，還可(ke)(ke)加工成高(gao)級(ji)營(ying)(ying)養食品和點心佐料，杏仁是貴重的中(zhong)藥材。

張(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)十幾個品(pin)種，其中(zhong)最(zui)好的(de)一俗(su)稱“抽把子”，所(suo)結杏(xing)(xing)果個大、皮色(se)鮮艷，如(ru)經造孽蘋果，使(shi)人(ren)觀(guan)之(zhi)欲食。還(huan)有(you)(you)當地(di)人(ren)稱為(wei)“關爺臉”的(de)品(pin)種，色(se)彩紅而有(you)(you)洶(xiong)涌，食之(zhi)甜脆(cui)。張(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)成(cheng)熟(shu)早，上(shang)市(shi)早，史有(you)(you)“小滿三日杏(xing)(xing)發黃”之(zhi)說。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)，屬(shu)于北溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou)(hou)，具有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節變(bian)化(hua)和(he)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou)(hou)特點，四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分明，雨熱同季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)偏北風，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)偏南風，春(chun)秋風向多(duo)(duo)變(bian)。年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)13.1℃，極(ji)端最(zui)低氣溫(wen)-25.1℃，極(ji)端最(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)42.8℃。年(nian)(nian)無霜期(qi)一(yi)般為(wei)193天(tian)，≥0℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)4957.4℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)4466.9℃，年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數(shu)為(wei)2619.8h，年(nian)(nian)平均日(ri)照率(lv)60％，年(nian)(nian)平均太陽輻射(she)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)5.29×105J/cm3,平均生(sheng)理輻射(she)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)2.65×105J/cm3。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)633.5mm，年(nian)(nian)紀變(bian)化(hua)較大(da)(da)，有(you)氣象資(zi)料記錄(lu)最(zui)大(da)(da)1053.1㎜，最(zui)小366.3㎜，年(nian)(nian)內降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分布(bu)不(bu)均，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)，占全年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)62.1%，春(chun)秋兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分別占全年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)13.7%和(he)20.4%。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)(hou)條件，與張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)、生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)等(deng)(deng)要求十分符合。“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”種(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)(qu)域(yu)屬(shu)魯中泰(tai)沂山區(qu)(qu)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)屬(shu)于褐(he)土(tu)(tu)，富含(han)有(you)機質和(he)磷(lin)、鉀等(deng)(deng)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素(su)(su)(su)(su)。尤其是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)周(zhou)圍獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態小氣候(hou)(hou)更是為(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優良品(pin)質奠定了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎。且(qie)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均為(wei)優質礦泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)了(le)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好品(pin)質。 中華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)農業部 公布(bu) 張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)以(yi)火山巖(yan)、侵入巖(yan)、沉(chen)積(ji)巖(yan)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要成土(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)，全部為(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)，生(sheng)態環(huan)境優良，爽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性好，耕層較厚，保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)肥(fei)能(neng)(neng)力強，旱能(neng)(neng)澆、澇能(neng)(neng)排，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)、無污染，富含(han)鉀、鈣、鎂等(deng)(deng)微量(liang)(liang)元素(su)(su)(su)(su)，各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)營養元素(su)(su)(su)(su)比例協調。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)PH值6.8～7.2，是適合鄒(zou)平張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)，能(neng)(neng)使所產(chan)(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)富含(han)人體所需(xu)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)營養元素(su)(su)(su)(su)，富含(han)鉀、鈣、鎂、磷(lin)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)礦物元素(su)(su)(su)(su)，維生(sheng)素(su)(su)(su)(su)C、維生(sheng)素(su)(su)(su)(su)B-17含(han)量(liang)(liang)尤為(wei)豐(feng)富，β-胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)素(su)(su)(su)(su)含(han)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)達到10mg/100g果肉。 張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)、地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)都十分豐(feng)富，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位8-15m，灌(guan)溉(gai)主(zhu)(zhu)要以(yi)當地(di)(di)(di)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)優質礦泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，無任何(he)污染，PH值為(wei)弱堿性富氧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，不(bu)僅能(neng)(neng)夠滿(man)足(zu)灌(guan)溉(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要，而(er)且(qie)能(neng)(neng)夠確(que)保(bao)(bao)鄒(zou)平張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質和(he)質量(liang)(liang)。 張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)態資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富，森林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)高(gao)，各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)病蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然天(tian)敵達30余種(zhong)(zhong)，通過積(ji)極(ji)推廣(guang)生(sheng)物防治技術，有(you)效防治了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)病蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)，也保(bao)(bao)證了(le)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)綠色無公害的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。

三.地域范圍

鄒平(ping)縣黛溪街道(dao)辦事處張高(gao)(gao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)緊鄰220國道(dao)，距濟南40公里，交通(tong)便利(li)， 人口1000戶以上，屬(shu)于行政大村(cun)(cun)(cun)，民(min)風樸實，勞動力(li)豐(feng)(feng)富。 廣闊的平(ping)原和(he)豐(feng)(feng)富的黃河(he)水系，使張高(gao)(gao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)農(nong)業發達，適(shi)合農(nong)場式(shi)發展(zhan)。“張高(gao)(gao)水杏”主(zhu)要種植(zhi)于鄒平(ping)縣張高(gao)(gao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)，地(di)理(li)坐標為東經(jing)117°39′4″～117°42′23″、北緯36°52′45″～36°54′15″，地(di)域保護(hu)面積80公頃，年總產量3000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

(1)外在感(gan)官特征(zheng)： 果實近圓形，頂端圓，微(wei)凹；縫合(he)線淺，兩半(ban)部對稱；梗洼狹(xia)、中(zhong)深。果皮(pi)黃色，陽面具(ju)紫(zi)紅色暈，薄，不易剝離。果肉橘黃色，汁液較多，肉質(zhi)細軟(ruan)，纖維(wei)(wei)少，含可(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)固形物10％～13％，總糖8.0％，可(ke)(ke)滴(di)定酸0.9％，味(wei)甜微(wei)酸，香氣濃(nong)，品質(zhi)上。離核，苦仁。 （2）內在品質(zhi)指標： 項 目 指 標 可(ke)(ke)食率（以質(zhi)量(liang)計(ji)）/％ ≥94.0 可(ke)(ke)滴(di)定酸/％ ≥1.2 可(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)固形物/％ ≥12.0 蛋(dan)白質(zhi)/％ ≥1.1 總糖/% ≥10.0 維(wei)(wei)生素(su)C/（mg/100g） ≥9.6 （3）安(an)(an)全要求(qiu)： 水(shui)杏產(chan)地環境符合(he)GB/T18407.2-2001《農產(chan)品安(an)(an)全質(zhi)量(liang)無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)水(shui)果產(chan)地環境要求(qiu)》的(de)規定。 張高水(shui)杏產(chan)品符合(he)GB18406.2-2001《農產(chan)品安(an)(an)全質(zhi)量(liang)無公(gong)害(hai)(hai)蔬(shu)菜安(an)(an)全要求(qiu)》的(de)規定。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)：杏(xing)(xing)園(yuan)應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)背風向陽土質(zhi)疏松、排(pai)水通氣良好的(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)，好是(shi)山坡中部，避(bi)免在谷(gu)底建園(yuan)。遠離城(cheng)區、車站、鬧市，避(bi)免了有(you)害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)污染(ran)。灌溉(gai)用(yong)(yong)水為當地(di)(di)山泉水和(he)地(di)(di)下優質(zhi)礦泉水。生態環(huan)境無污染(ran)，符合(he)無公害(hai)鄒(zou)平(ping)水杏(xing)(xing)產(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境要求。 （2）品(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)：影響(xiang)鄒(zou)平(ping)水杏(xing)(xing)生長的(de)(de)因素(su)是(shi)多方(fang)面的(de)(de),環(huan)境因素(su)中溫度(du)(du)、光(guang)照(zhao)是(shi)主要因素(su)。溫度(du)(du)主要決定杏(xing)(xing)樹的(de)(de)休眠期,影響(xiang)杏(xing)(xing)樹的(de)(de)開(kai)花與(yu)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)。杏(xing)(xing)樹是(shi)吸光(guang)性很強的(de)(de)樹種,光(guang)是(shi)植物(wu)光(guang)合(he)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)能量源泉,光(guang)照(zhao)對杏(xing)(xing)樹的(de)(de)生長和(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)作用(yong)(yong)非常明顯。所以選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)當地(di)(di)優質(zhi)、豐產(chan)、抗病(bing)的(de)(de)水杏(xing)(xing)品(pin)種，如金太陽、紅荷(he)包(bao)、黃荷(he)包(bao)、凱特(te)、二(er)紅杏(xing)(xing)等。 （3）生產(chan)過程管理(li)： 水杏(xing)(xing)生產(chan)過程管理(li)按無公害(hai)鄒(zou)平(ping)水杏(xing)(xing)標(biao)準化生產(chan)技術規(gui)程進行。 （4）產(chan)品(pin)收獲及產(chan)后處理(li) 杏(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收期對果(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)產(chan)量和(he)品(pin)質(zhi)有(you)密切關系。按杏(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途可分為三個成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)：一(yi)是(shi)可采(cai)(cai)(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)，這(zhe)時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)大(da)小已(yi)定，杏(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)未能完 全成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，但這(zhe)時(shi)可采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)后做商品(pin)出(chu)售(shou)；二(er)是(shi)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)，果(guo)(guo)實(shi)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，表現出(chu)該品(pin)種應有(you)的(de)(de)色澤和(he)香味(wei)，營(ying)養成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分含量達到(dao)最(zui)高點，風味(wei)最(zui)好；三是(shi)勝利成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)，這(zhe)時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)在生理(li)上已(yi)達到(dao)十成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，果(guo)(guo)實(shi)肉質(zhi)松軟，風味(wei)變(bian)淡，不(bu)宜食(shi)用(yong)(yong)，只(zhi)能用(yong)(yong)作采(cai)(cai)(cai)種或取仁。商品(pin)水杏(xing)(xing)宜根據不(bu)同品(pin)種在水杏(xing)(xing)達到(dao)可采(cai)(cai)(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收為最(zui)好。