芒果视频下载在线

一.產品介紹

張高水(shui)杏是指生長于(yu)山東省(sheng)鄒平縣張高的水(shui)杏，有十多個水(shui)杏品種，為地方特產。

張(zhang)高(gao)水杏是生(sheng)長(chang)在特(te)異自(zi)然環境的(de)地(di)方特(te)產(chan)，個(ge)大如桃，皮色鮮(xian)艷，脆而(er)酸甜(tian)，香味(wei)濃郁(yu)，清爽可口(kou)，營養(yang)豐富(fu)。鄒平(ping)縣張(zhang)高(gao)水杏距今已有400多年的(de)栽(zai)培歷史，久負盛名(ming)。水杏除鮮(xian)食外，還可加工(gong)成高(gao)級營養(yang)食品和點心佐(zuo)料，杏仁是貴重的(de)中藥(yao)材。

張(zhang)(zhang)高水杏(xing)有(you)十幾(ji)個品種(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中最(zui)好的一俗稱“抽把子”，所結杏(xing)果(guo)個大、皮色鮮艷，如經(jing)造孽蘋果(guo)，使人(ren)觀(guan)之欲食。還有(you)當地人(ren)稱為“關爺(ye)臉”的品種(zhong)(zhong)，色彩紅而有(you)洶涌，食之甜脆。張(zhang)(zhang)高水杏(xing)成熟早，上市(shi)早，史有(you)“小滿(man)三日(ri)杏(xing)發黃”之說。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

“張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，屬于(yu)北溫(wen)帶(dai)大陸性(xing)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)，具有(you)(you)(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化和(he)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)特(te)點，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明，雨熱同季(ji)(ji)(ji)。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)偏北風(feng)(feng)，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)(duo)偏南風(feng)(feng)，春秋(qiu)(qiu)風(feng)(feng)向多(duo)(duo)變。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)13.1℃，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)-25.1℃，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)42.8℃。年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜期(qi)一般為193天，≥0℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)4957.4℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)4466.9℃，年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數為2619.8h，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照率60％，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)太陽輻(fu)射總(zong)量(liang)(liang)5.29×105J/cm3,平(ping)均(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)輻(fu)射總(zong)量(liang)(liang)2.65×105J/cm3。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)633.5mm，年(nian)(nian)紀(ji)變化較大，有(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)象資料(liao)記錄最(zui)(zui)大1053.1㎜，最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)366.3㎜，年(nian)(nian)內降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分布(bu)不(bu)均(jun)，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)，占全年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)62.1%，春秋(qiu)(qiu)兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)分別占全年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)13.7%和(he)20.4%。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)條件，與張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)、生(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)等要(yao)(yao)求十分符合。“張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”種(zhong)植區域屬魯中泰沂山(shan)區，土(tu)壤(rang)屬于(yu)褐土(tu)，富(fu)(fu)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)磷、鉀等各(ge)種(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素(su)(su)。尤(you)其是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)周圍獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)小(xiao)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)更是為張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優良品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)奠定了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。且張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)為優質(zhi)(zhi)礦(kuang)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，確保了張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。中華人(ren)民共和(he)國農業部(bu) 公布(bu) 張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以火山(shan)巖、侵入巖、沉積(ji)巖為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)成土(tu)母巖，全部(bu)為褐土(tu)，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境優良，爽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)好，耕層較厚，保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥能(neng)力強，旱(han)能(neng)澆、澇(lao)能(neng)排(pai)，土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、無(wu)污染，富(fu)(fu)含(han)鉀、鈣(gai)、鎂(mei)等微量(liang)(liang)元素(su)(su)，各(ge)種(zhong)營養元素(su)(su)比例(li)協(xie)調。土(tu)壤(rang)PH值(zhi)6.8～7.2，是適合鄒(zou)(zou)平(ping)張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)佳土(tu)壤(rang)，能(neng)使(shi)所產(chan)(chan)(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)富(fu)(fu)含(han)人(ren)體所需(xu)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)營養元素(su)(su)，富(fu)(fu)含(han)鉀、鈣(gai)、鎂(mei)、磷等多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)礦(kuang)物元素(su)(su)，維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)C、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)B-17含(han)量(liang)(liang)尤(you)為豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)，β-胡蘿卜(bu)素(su)(su)含(han)量(liang)(liang)可達(da)到10mg/100g果肉。張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)都十分豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位8-15m，灌溉主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)山(shan)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)優質(zhi)(zhi)礦(kuang)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉為主(zhu)，無(wu)任(ren)何污染，PH值(zhi)為弱堿(jian)性(xing)富(fu)(fu)氧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)灌溉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，而且能(neng)夠(gou)確保鄒(zou)(zou)平(ping)張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)，森林覆蓋(gai)率高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，各(ge)種(zhong)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然天敵達(da)30余(yu)種(zhong)，通過積(ji)極(ji)推廣生(sheng)(sheng)物防治技術(shu)，有(you)(you)(you)效防治了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)，也(ye)保證了張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)綠(lv)色無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。

三.地域范圍

鄒(zou)平縣(xian)黛(dai)溪街(jie)道(dao)辦事(shi)處張高(gao)村緊(jin)鄰220國道(dao)，距濟南40公(gong)里，交通便利，人口1000戶以上，屬于行(xing)政大村，民風樸實，勞動力豐(feng)富(fu)。廣闊的(de)平原和豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)黃河水系，使張高(gao)村農業發達，適(shi)合農場式發展。“張高(gao)水杏(xing)”主要種植于鄒(zou)平縣(xian)張高(gao)村，地理(li)坐標(biao)為東經117°39′4″～117°42′23″、北緯(wei)36°52′45″～36°54′15″，地域保(bao)護面(mian)積80公(gong)頃，年總產量3000噸(dun)。

四.產品品質特性特征

(1)外在(zai)感官(guan)特征：果實(shi)近圓形，頂端圓，微凹；縫合(he)線淺，兩半部(bu)對稱(cheng)；梗洼狹(xia)、中深。果皮(pi)黃色，陽面具(ju)紫紅色暈，薄，不易剝離。果肉橘黃色，汁液較多，肉質(zhi)細軟(ruan)，纖維(wei)(wei)少，含可溶性(xing)固形物10％～13％，總(zong)糖(tang)8.0％，可滴定(ding)酸0.9％，味甜微酸，香氣濃，品質(zhi)上。離核，苦仁。（2）內在(zai)品質(zhi)指標：項(xiang) 目(mu) 指標可食率(lv)（以質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)計(ji)）/％ ≥94.0 可滴定(ding)酸/％ ≥1.2 可溶性(xing)固形物/％ ≥12.0 蛋白質(zhi)/％ ≥1.1 總(zong)糖(tang)/% ≥10.0 維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素C/（mg/100g） ≥9.6 （3）安(an)全要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：水(shui)杏產(chan)地(di)(di)環境符(fu)合(he)GB/T18407.2-2001《農產(chan)品安(an)全質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)無(wu)公(gong)害水(shui)果產(chan)地(di)(di)環境要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)》的規(gui)定(ding)。張高水(shui)杏產(chan)品符(fu)合(he)GB18406.2-2001《農產(chan)品安(an)全質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)無(wu)公(gong)害蔬(shu)菜安(an)全要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)》的規(gui)定(ding)。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)：杏(xing)(xing)(xing)園應選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)背(bei)風向陽土質疏松、排水(shui)(shui)(shui)通氣良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊，好(hao)是(shi)山坡中部，避免在谷底建園。遠離城區(qu)、車站、鬧市，避免了(le)有(you)害物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)。灌(guan)溉(gai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)當(dang)地(di)(di)山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)下(xia)優(you)質礦泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)，符合無(wu)(wu)公害鄒(zou)平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境要求。（2）品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)：影(ying)響鄒(zou)平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素是(shi)多(duo)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de),環(huan)境因(yin)素中溫(wen)度(du)、光(guang)照是(shi)主(zhu)要因(yin)素。溫(wen)度(du)主(zhu)要決定杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)休眠(mian)期,影(ying)響杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開花與結(jie)果(guo)(guo)。杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)是(shi)吸光(guang)性很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種,光(guang)是(shi)植物光(guang)合作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)源泉(quan)(quan)(quan),光(guang)照對(dui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長和(he)(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)作用(yong)(yong)非(fei)常明顯。所以選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)當(dang)地(di)(di)優(you)質、豐產(chan)、抗病的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)種，如金太(tai)陽、紅荷包、黃(huang)荷包、凱(kai)特、二(er)紅杏(xing)(xing)(xing)等。（3）生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理：水(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理按(an)無(wu)(wu)公害鄒(zou)平(ping)水(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)標準化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術規(gui)程(cheng)進行。（4）產(chan)品(pin)(pin)收獲及產(chan)后處理杏(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)收期對(dui)果(guo)(guo)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)品(pin)(pin)質有(you)密切關系(xi)。按(an)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)三個成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)：一(yi)是(shi)可(ke)采(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)，這時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實大小已(yi)定，杏(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)未能完全成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，但這時(shi)可(ke)采(cai)果(guo)(guo)后做商品(pin)(pin)出售；二(er)是(shi)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)，果(guo)(guo)實已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，表現出該(gai)品(pin)(pin)種應有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)澤(ze)和(he)(he)香(xiang)味(wei)，營養成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分含(han)量(liang)(liang)達到(dao)最高點(dian)，風味(wei)最好(hao)；三是(shi)勝利成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)，這時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實在生(sheng)(sheng)理上(shang)已(yi)達到(dao)十(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，果(guo)(guo)實肉(rou)質松軟(ruan)，風味(wei)變淡，不宜食(shi)用(yong)(yong)，只能用(yong)(yong)作采(cai)種或取仁。商品(pin)(pin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)宜根據不同品(pin)(pin)種在水(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)達到(dao)可(ke)采(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)時(shi)采(cai)收為(wei)(wei)最好(hao)。