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一.產品介紹

張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏是指(zhi)生長于山東省(sheng)鄒平縣張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)的(de)水(shui)(shui)杏，有(you)十多(duo)個水(shui)(shui)杏品種，為(wei)地方特產。

張高水杏是生長在(zai)特異(yi)自然環境的(de)(de)地方(fang)特產，個(ge)大如(ru)桃，皮(pi)色鮮艷，脆而酸甜，香味(wei)濃郁(yu)，清爽可口，營養豐富。鄒平縣(xian)張高水杏距今已有400多年的(de)(de)栽培歷史，久(jiu)負盛名。水杏除(chu)鮮食外(wai)，還可加工成高級營養食品和點心佐料，杏仁是貴重(zhong)的(de)(de)中藥材。

張(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)杏有(you)十幾(ji)個品種，其中最好的一俗(su)稱“抽把子”，所結杏果個大、皮(pi)色(se)鮮(xian)艷(yan)，如經造(zao)孽蘋(pin)果，使人(ren)觀之欲食。還(huan)有(you)當地人(ren)稱為“關(guan)爺臉”的品種，色(se)彩紅而有(you)洶涌，食之甜脆。張(zhang)高(gao)水(shui)杏成熟早(zao)，上市早(zao)，史有(you)“小滿三日杏發(fa)黃”之說。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)，屬于(yu)北(bei)溫帶大陸(lu)性(xing)(xing)季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)，具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)節變(bian)化和季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)特點(dian)，四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明(ming)，雨熱同季(ji)(ji)。冬季(ji)(ji)多(duo)偏北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，夏季(ji)(ji)多(duo)偏南風(feng)(feng)(feng)，春秋(qiu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向多(duo)變(bian)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫13.1℃，極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)低氣溫-25.1℃，極(ji)端(duan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)氣溫42.8℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)193天，≥0℃的(de)(de)積(ji)溫4957.4℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)積(ji)溫4466.9℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數為(wei)(wei)(wei)2619.8h，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照率60％，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均太陽輻射總量5.29×105J/cm3,平(ping)均生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)輻射總量2.65×105J/cm3。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量633.5mm，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)紀(ji)變(bian)化較(jiao)大，有(you)(you)氣象資料(liao)記錄最(zui)大1053.1㎜，最(zui)小366.3㎜，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)布(bu)不均，夏季(ji)(ji)最(zui)多(duo)，占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)62.1%，春秋(qiu)兩季(ji)(ji)分(fen)別占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)13.7%和20.4%。這樣的(de)(de)氣候(hou)條件(jian)，與張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產要(yao)求的(de)(de)溫度、濕度、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期等(deng)要(yao)求十分(fen)符合。“張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”種(zhong)(zhong)植區域屬魯(lu)中泰沂山區，土(tu)壤屬于(yu)褐(he)土(tu)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)和磷、鉀(jia)等(deng)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)微量元(yuan)素(su)。尤(you)其是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)周圍獨(du)特的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)小氣候(hou)更是為(wei)(wei)(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)奠定了(le)良(liang)(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)基礎。且張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產地(di)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)礦(kuang)(kuang)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，確保(bao)了(le)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)良(liang)(liang)(liang)好品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。中華(hua)人民共和國農(nong)業部公布(bu) 張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產地(di)以(yi)火山巖(yan)(yan)、侵(qin)入巖(yan)(yan)、沉(chen)積(ji)巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要(yao)成土(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)，全部為(wei)(wei)(wei)褐(he)土(tu)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，爽(shuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)好，耕層較(jiao)厚，保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)能(neng)(neng)力強，旱(han)能(neng)(neng)澆、澇能(neng)(neng)排，土(tu)壤有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量高(gao)(gao)(gao)、無(wu)(wu)污染，富(fu)(fu)(fu)含(han)(han)鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂等(deng)微量元(yuan)素(su)，各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)營養元(yuan)素(su)比例協調(diao)。土(tu)壤PH值6.8～7.2，是適合鄒(zou)平(ping)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)最(zui)佳土(tu)壤，能(neng)(neng)使所產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)富(fu)(fu)(fu)含(han)(han)人體所需多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)營養元(yuan)素(su)，富(fu)(fu)(fu)含(han)(han)鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂、磷等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)礦(kuang)(kuang)物元(yuan)素(su)，維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)C、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)B-17含(han)(han)量尤(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)，β-胡蘿卜素(su)含(han)(han)量可(ke)達到10mg/100g果肉(rou)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產區地(di)表、地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)都十分(fen)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)，地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)8-15m，灌(guan)溉(gai)主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)當地(di)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地(di)下優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)礦(kuang)(kuang)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，無(wu)(wu)任何污染，PH值為(wei)(wei)(wei)弱堿性(xing)(xing)富(fu)(fu)(fu)氧水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，不僅能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足灌(guan)溉(gai)的(de)(de)需要(yao)，而且能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)確保(bao)鄒(zou)平(ping)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)和質(zhi)(zhi)量。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資源(yuan)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)，森林覆(fu)蓋(gai)率高(gao)(gao)(gao)，各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)病蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)自然(ran)天敵達30余種(zhong)(zhong)，通過(guo)積(ji)極(ji)推廣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防治技術(shu)，有(you)(you)效(xiao)防治了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)病蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，也保(bao)證了(le)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)綠色(se)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)的(de)(de)特點(dian)。

三.地域范圍

鄒平(ping)縣(xian)黛溪街道辦事處張高(gao)村緊鄰220國道，距濟南40公里，交通便利，人口1000戶(hu)以上，屬于行政(zheng)大村，民風樸實，勞動(dong)力豐富。廣闊的(de)(de)平(ping)原(yuan)和豐富的(de)(de)黃河(he)水(shui)系，使張高(gao)村農(nong)業發(fa)達(da)，適(shi)合農(nong)場式(shi)發(fa)展。“張高(gao)水(shui)杏(xing)”主要種植于鄒平(ping)縣(xian)張高(gao)村，地理坐標為東(dong)經117°39′4″～117°42′23″、北(bei)緯36°52′45″～36°54′15″，地域保護面積80公頃，年(nian)總產量(liang)3000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

(1)外在感官特征(zheng)：果實(shi)近圓形(xing)，頂端圓，微(wei)凹；縫合(he)線(xian)淺(qian)，兩半部對(dui)稱；梗洼狹、中深。果皮黃(huang)色(se)(se)，陽面具紫紅色(se)(se)暈，薄，不(bu)易剝離。果肉橘黃(huang)色(se)(se)，汁液較(jiao)多，肉質(zhi)細軟，纖維少，含可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物(wu)10％～13％，總糖(tang)8.0％，可滴定(ding)酸0.9％，味甜微(wei)酸，香氣濃，品(pin)質(zhi)上。離核(he)，苦仁。（2）內在品(pin)質(zhi)指(zhi)標：項目指(zhi) 標可食率（以(yi)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)計）/％ ≥94.0 可滴定(ding)酸/％ ≥1.2 可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物(wu)/％ ≥12.0 蛋(dan)白質(zhi)/％ ≥1.1 總糖(tang)/% ≥10.0 維生素C/（mg/100g） ≥9.6 （3）安(an)全要(yao)求：水杏(xing)產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)符合(he)GB/T18407.2-2001《農產品(pin)安(an)全質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)公害(hai)水果產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)求》的規定(ding)。張高水杏(xing)產品(pin)符合(he)GB18406.2-2001《農產品(pin)安(an)全質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)公害(hai)蔬(shu)菜安(an)全要(yao)求》的規定(ding)。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)擇(ze)：杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)園應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)背風(feng)向陽土質疏松(song)、排水(shui)(shui)通(tong)氣良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)地塊(kuai)，好是(shi)山坡(po)中部，避免在(zai)(zai)谷底建園。遠(yuan)離城區、車(che)站、鬧市，避免了(le)有(you)害物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染。灌溉用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)為當地山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)和(he)地下(xia)優(you)(you)質礦泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)。生(sheng)態環(huan)境無污染，符合無公(gong)害鄒平(ping)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境要求。（2）品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)：影響(xiang)鄒平(ping)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素(su)是(shi)多方面的(de)(de)(de)(de),環(huan)境因素(su)中溫度(du)、光照是(shi)主要因素(su)。溫度(du)主要決定(ding)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)休(xiu)眠期,影響(xiang)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開花與結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)是(shi)吸光性很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),光是(shi)植物光合作用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)源泉(quan),光照對(dui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)非(fei)常明顯。所以選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)當地優(you)(you)質、豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)、抗病的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，如金(jin)太陽、紅(hong)荷(he)包(bao)、黃荷(he)包(bao)、凱(kai)特、二(er)紅(hong)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等。（3）生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)管理：水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)管理按無公(gong)害鄒平(ping)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)(cheng)進行。（4）產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲及產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處(chu)理杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)期對(dui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)品(pin)(pin)質有(you)密切關系。按杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途可分為三個成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)：一是(shi)可采(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)，這時果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)大(da)小已(yi)定(ding)，杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)未(wei)能(neng)完全成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，但(dan)這時可采(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)做商品(pin)(pin)出(chu)售；二(er)是(shi)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，表現(xian)出(chu)該(gai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色澤和(he)香味，營(ying)養成(cheng)(cheng)分含量(liang)達(da)(da)到最高(gao)點，風(feng)味最好；三是(shi)勝利成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)，這時果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)理上已(yi)達(da)(da)到十成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)肉(rou)質松(song)軟，風(feng)味變淡，不宜食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，只能(neng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作采(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)或取仁(ren)。商品(pin)(pin)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宜根據不同品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)達(da)(da)到可采(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)時采(cai)收(shou)(shou)為最好。