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歷史淵源

“蘇(su)仙傳說”是以(yi)敘述郴州(zhou)草藥郎中蘇(su)耽神奇出生(sheng)、

神鹿哺乳、孝順母親(qin)、種(zhong)橘驅疫、得道成(cheng)仙(xian)等核(he)心母題為主要內容的傳說故事群，晉葛洪《神仙(xian)傳》就有記(ji)述，此后道教典籍、筆記(ji)小(xiao)說中(zhong)均有記(ji)載(zai)。

“蘇(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)”是西漢發生在桂陽(yang)郡治(zhi)所郴縣（現湖南郴州市蘇(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)區(qu)）的(de)(de)民間(jian)故事：郴縣少(shao)年草藥(yao)郎中(zhong)蘇(su)(su)(su)耽(dan)(dan)，早年喪父成孤(gu)兒(er)(er)，他事母至(zhi)孝，親和鄰(lin)里，治(zhi)病救(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)。后(hou)人(ren)(ren)傳(chuan)(chuan)為(wei)：潘姑娘(niang)(niang)未婚(hun)先孕，老娘(niang)(niang)逼女棄子(zi)，女藏子(zi)于(yu)山洞，鶴護鹿乳；孤(gu)兒(er)(er)蘇(su)(su)(su)耽(dan)(dan)放牛砍柴、種橘(ju)(ju)采藥(yao)，孝養娘(niang)(niang)親；遂得道升仙(xian)。行前告母：來年天(tian)下(xia)將爆發瘟疫，請母親用庭院井(jing)(jing)(jing)泉熬橘(ju)(ju)樹(shu)葉藥(yao)湯，可(ke)救(jiu)(jiu)治(zhi)郡民。第二年果(guo)如蘇(su)(su)(su)耽(dan)(dan)預測，瘟疫肆虐；蘇(su)(su)(su)母按蘇(su)(su)(su)耽(dan)(dan)所囑法子(zi)，日夜熬藥(yao)，救(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)無數。故事傳(chuan)(chuan)至(zhi)唐宋(song)，開元二十九年（741年）唐玄宗詔令“發揮聲華，嚴飾祠宇。”蘇(su)(su)(su)耽(dan)(dan)出生、采藥(yao)的(de)(de)馬嶺山被道教列為(wei)72福(fu)地的(de)(de)“天(tian)下(xia)第十八福(fu)地”，山被百姓改(gai)稱蘇(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)嶺，井(jing)(jing)(jing)被稱作“橘(ju)(ju)井(jing)(jing)(jing)”。杜(du)甫、元結、秦觀、徐霞客、蒲松齡等撰寫相(xiang)關詩文。宋(song)代先后(hou)有(you)四位皇帝赦封(feng)蘇(su)(su)(su)耽(dan)(dan)為(wei)“真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)”、“真(zhen)(zhen)君(jun)”，宋(song)真(zhen)(zhen)宗詩作有(you)“橘(ju)(ju)井(jing)(jing)(jing)甘泉透膽香”句(ju)，國中(zhong)遂形成“橘(ju)(ju)井(jing)(jing)(jing)泉香” 的(de)(de)醫林典故。 歷史久遠，傳(chuan)(chuan)承脈絡(luo)清晰(xi)。

傳承意義

蘇(su)仙傳說地域性(xing)特征顯(xian)著，承(cheng)載了獨具特色的孝(xiao)道、道教及中(zhong)醫文(wen)化意蘊，影(ying)響深遠，深受民眾喜愛，在現今郴州民眾中(zhong)依然有(you)活態傳承(cheng)。

傳承現狀

蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)流傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)地(di)(di)域以(yi)(yi)郴州為中(zhong)(zhong)心向(xiang)省內外擴(kuo)散，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)耽出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)地(di)(di)郴州馬嶺(ling)山被道(dao)(dao)(dao)教列為福地(di)(di)，并在宋(song)(song)朝后(hou)形(xing)成(cheng)“橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井泉(quan)香(xiang)”、“龍蟠橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井”的醫(yi)(yi)林典故(gu)。傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)桃嶺(ling)、白鹿(lu)洞、跨鶴(he)臺、蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)橋、蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)觀、飛(fei)升(sheng)亭等(deng)(deng)景觀保存完(wan)整。蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)觀每(mei)年(nian)農歷(li)五月十五蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)升(sheng)天日(ri)舉行抬蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)銅像(xiang)等(deng)(deng)民(min)俗事項豐(feng)(feng)富的祭祀祈福廟(miao)會(hui)，民(min)眾參與(yu)(yu)熱情高(gao)。歷(li)代郴州民(min)眾口口相傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，道(dao)(dao)(dao)教典籍、筆(bi)記小(xiao)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、醫(yi)(yi)書(shu)、類(lei)書(shu)等(deng)(deng)關于蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)耽傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)都有(you)較為詳盡著錄，杜甫等(deng)(deng)眾多名人(ren)詩詠橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井，宋(song)(song)代四位皇帝(di)赦封蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)耽為“真(zhen)人(ren)、真(zhen)君”，宋(song)(song)真(zhen)宗(zong)詩作有(you)“橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井甘泉(quan)透(tou)膽香(xiang)”句，遂形(xing)成(cheng)“橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井泉(quan)香(xiang)”“龍蟠橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井”的醫(yi)(yi)林典故(gu)。從歷(li)代文(wen)(wen)獻記載、民(min)間故(gu)事集(ji)成(cheng)資(zi)料(liao)、最近口頭采錄的蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)來看，蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)在長期的歷(li)史演進中(zhong)(zhong)衍生(sheng)(sheng)出(chu)感孕出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、種(zhong)橘(ju)(ju)(ju)驅疫型(xing)(xing)(xing)、孝(xiao)子尋(xun)母(mu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)斗法型(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)諸多型(xing)(xing)(xing)式，異(yi)文(wen)(wen)數量(liang)豐(feng)(feng)富。蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)蘊含(han)了孝(xiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、懸壺濟世(shi)的醫(yi)(yi)家理念、人(ren)與(yu)(yu)自然(ran)和諧相處(chu)的道(dao)(dao)(dao)教思想，體現南嶺(ling)地(di)(di)域民(min)眾的民(min)間智慧與(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)創造力。歷(li)代郴州民(min)眾津(jin)津(jin)樂道(dao)(dao)(dao)蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)升(sheng)天地(di)(di)——蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)嶺(ling)已成(cheng)為國(guo)家級風景名勝區，每(mei)年(nian)有(you)眾多游客通過口傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、圖像(xiang)、文(wen)(wen)字(zi)等(deng)(deng)方式領略蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的魅力；傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的“橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井”已成(cheng)為中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)的標志物，由傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)形(xing)成(cheng)的橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井文(wen)(wen)化(hua)不僅傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遍中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大江南北，并輻(fu)射影響(xiang)日(ri)、韓、越等(deng)(deng)國(guo)，海外華人(ren)在唐人(ren)街設“橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井診所”，柬(jian)埔寨有(you)“桔井省”，法、奧、俄、日(ri)等(deng)(deng)國(guo)圖書(shu)館均收(shou)藏“蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)耽橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井”相關資(zi)料(liao)；明代意大利傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教士利瑪(ma)竇著《西國(guo)記法》中(zhong)(zhong)談及中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)“記醫(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)橘(ju)(ju)(ju)井、以(yi)(yi)杏林”。 蘇(su)(su)(su)(su)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)具有(you)重要的民(min)俗、宗(zong)教、醫(yi)(yi)學、文(wen)(wen)學藝術(shu)、旅游...

2014年11月11日(ri)，“蘇仙傳說”被載(zai)入中國(guo)第四批(pi)“國(guo)家級非物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)遺產代表性項目(mu)名(ming)錄(lu)”。