野生(sheng)軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴(hou)桃生(sheng)于(yu)陰坡(po)的(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)、闊混交林中(zhong)土壤肥沃(wo)內,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)于(yu)陽坡(po)水分充足的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方。喜涼爽(shuang)、濕潤的(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou),或山溝(gou)溪流旁,多(duo)攀援在闊葉樹上,枝蔓多(duo)集中(zhong)分布(bu)于(yu)樹冠上部,岫巖(yan)滿族自治縣各山區(qu)現存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)大量野生(sheng)軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴(hou)桃都分布(bu)這種獨特的(de)(de)(de)自然環境之中(zhong)。
2.1、獨特(te)的自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態條(tiao)件,是(shi)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)獼猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)繁衍的最佳(jia)環境(jing)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)位于長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)余脈(mo),境(jing)內(nei)峰巒起(qi)伏,擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“八山(shan)(shan)半水(shui)一分(fen)田,半分(fen)道路和(he)村莊(zhuang)”的自(zi)然(ran)地(di)貌。低山(shan)(shan)面積(ji)(ji)占全縣(xian)總面積(ji)(ji)的78%以上。岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)地(di)區在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)植軟棗(zao)(zao)獼猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)選擇在(zai)坡(po)(po)度小于25°的北坡(po)(po)、西北坡(po)(po),根據其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長習性,采用棚(peng)架(jia)或T字型架(jia)式栽培種(zhong)(zhong)植,使其枝(zhi)蔓(man)延架(jia)勢充分(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,模擬其野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環境(jing),在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)植過程中岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)獼猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)表現不(bu)適(shi)性,原有(you)(you)(you)(you)的優良品種(zhong)(zhong)得(de)到延續。岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)林(lin)木(mu)蓄積(ji)(ji)量近500萬立(li)方米,森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率達(da)71.3%。森林(lin)多為天然(ran)次生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)和(he)人(ren)工林(lin),樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)35科80屬(shu)170多種(zhong)(zhong),珍(zhen)貴樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)紫椴、核(he)桃(tao)(tao)楸、山(shan)(shan)槐、水(shui)曲柳(liu)、刺楸、黃菠蘿等6種(zhong)(zhong),林(lin)間分(fen)布山(shan)(shan)貨野(ye)果80多種(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物60余種(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)藥材為人(ren)們認識和(he)采集的有(you)(you)(you)(you)76種(zhong)(zhong),山(shan)(shan)楂(zha)、核(he)桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)葡萄、獼猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)花椒等野(ye)果樹(shu)(shu)遍及全縣(xian)山(shan)(shan)嶺。種(zhong)(zhong)植環境(jing)優良,野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資源豐(feng)富,據1989年(nian)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)縣(xian)志(zhi)記載道:“獼猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)在(zai)縣(xian)內(nei)各地(di)山(shan)(shan)區均有(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)布,皆為野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),全縣(xian)大約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)13.6萬株,年(nian)產獼猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)22.6萬公斤。1983年(nian)至1984年(nian),縣(xian)內(nei)開始用種(zhong)(zhong)植或扦插(cha)繁殖進行試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)栽培。”
2.2、獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha),為(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)提(ti)供了(le)(le)(le)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)證岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),北(bei)(bei)部由(you)千山山脈(mo)(長(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)山山脈(mo)余脈(mo))向(xiang)西(xi)南和(he)(he)(he)東(dong)南方向(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen),形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)環抱岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)北(bei)(bei)、西(xi)、東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然屏障(zhang)(zhang),高(gao)山阻礙了(le)(le)(le)冬季(ji)(ji)寒冷氣(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到來,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)無霜期達156天(tian),延(yan)長(chang)(chang)了(le)(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)周期。最冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一月份平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-9.9℃,極(ji)端低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-15.5℃,氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)相對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)同緯(wei)度地區暖和(he)(he)(he),降(jiang)低了(le)(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)在種(zhong)植過程中(zhong)受凍(dong)害(hai)(hai)和(he)(he)(he)倒春(chun)寒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響;年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃,最熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七、八月氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)達28.1℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2500~3000℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)2302.7小時(shi),氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足,全年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)均(jun)(jun)(jun)在適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度條(tiao)件下進(jin)行,受高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)危害(hai)(hai)影響小,軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)枝繁葉(xie)茂,有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)進(jin)行光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong),增(zeng)加岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養積(ji)累(lei)(lei)。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)最大晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)達19℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)13℃,岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong),消耗二(er)(er)氧(yang)化碳和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui),合(he)成(cheng)葡萄糖(tang),夜(ye)晚低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)葡萄糖(tang)轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)多(duo)糖(tang)和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)營(ying)(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen),且低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)抑制岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼(hu)吸作(zuo)用(yong),減少(shao)了(le)(le)(le)體內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養消耗,貯藏更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen)。 3.2.3、獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)、有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土壤(rang)(rang),豐(feng)(feng)富了(le)(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)營(ying)(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)縣(xian)內水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富,500余條(tiao)溪流迂(yu)回在縱(zong)橫交(jiao)錯(cuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝谷(gu)間(jian),匯成(cheng)13條(tiao)支流,全長(chang)(chang)882公(gong)里,水(shui)(shui)域面積(ji)幾乎全覆蓋岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian),水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總量(liang)近(jin)20億立方米,為(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)提(ti)供基礎。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)是國家二(er)(er)級水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)地。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清澈見(jian)底,水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含有(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)微量(liang)元素,補充(chong)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養元素。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)775.8mm~933.8mm,冬、春(chun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)占全年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.7%,豐(feng)(feng)沛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)了(le)(le)(le)早春(chun)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理活動所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen);夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)熱同期,降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)豐(feng)(feng)富,占全年(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)分(fen)之二(er)(er),滿(man)(man)(man)足軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求,促(cu)進(jin)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang);秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)天(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)爽、少(shao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化和(he)(he)(he)營(ying)(ying)養物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累(lei)(lei)。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)土壤(rang)(rang)以棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)土和(he)(he)(he)草(cao)甸土為(wei)(wei)主,土壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)達21.9g/kg,全氮含量(liang)1.32mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)磷含量(liang)為(wei)(wei)31.7mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鉀(jia)含量(liang)為(wei)(wei)133mg/kg,屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)等供鉀(jia)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping),軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)喜鉀(jia)植物(wu)(wu),土壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉀(jia)離子供給,可(ke)以明(ming)顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)植株的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)寒、抗(kang)旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,增(zeng)強植株的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)逆性(xing);有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)體內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)代謝、葉(xie)綠(lv)素含量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)葉(xie)肉細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透(tou)性(xing),促(cu)進(jin)葉(xie)片光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong),提(ti)高(gao)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)營(ying)(ying)養積(ji)累(lei)(lei),顯(xian)著提(ti)高(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)可(ke)溶性(xing)固形物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)VC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang),檢(jian)測結果(guo)(guo)表(biao)明(ming):岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)VC含量(liang)達166mg/kg;鉀(jia)可(ke)以促(cu)進(jin)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淀粉向(xiang)糖(tang)轉(zhuan)化、促(cu)進(jin)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing),提(ti)高(gao)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)含糖(tang)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)。
岫巖(yan)滿(man)族自治縣隸(li)屬于遼(liao)寧省鞍山市(shi)(shi),遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半島北(bei)部,北(bei)緯40°0′~40°39′,東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)122°52′~123°41′。東(dong)(dong)(dong)及東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)與鳳城市(shi)(shi)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)港(gang)市(shi)(shi)毗連,西與大石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)市(shi)(shi)、蓋州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)為鄰,南(nan)與莊河(he)市(shi)(shi)相接(jie),北(bei)及西北(bei)與遼(liao)陽(yang)縣、海城市(shi)(shi)接(jie)壤。轄新甸(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清涼山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、藥山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)(shi)廟子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蘇子(zi)溝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、偏嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝(chao)陽(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大營子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍潭(tan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、前營子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、哈達碑鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)窯(yao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃花(hua)甸(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牧牛(niu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大房身鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三家(jia)(jia)(jia)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楊(yang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洋河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺溝鄉(xiang)、哨子(zi)河(he)鄉(xiang)、紅旗營子(zi)鄉(xiang)、大寧街道辦事處(chu)、仙人咀辦事處(chu)、雅河(he)工業經(jing)濟區(qu)(qu)(qu)、興隆經(jing)濟區(qu)(qu)(qu)、阜昌經(jing)濟區(qu)(qu)(qu)26個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、辦事處(chu)、經(jing)濟區(qu)(qu)(qu),197個(ge)(ge)行政村,總面(mian)積為53.45萬(wan)畝。東(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)大營子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)陶家(jia)(jia)(jia)隈子(zi)村,西至(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)窯(yao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)坎子(zi)村,北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)廟子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)石(shi)(shi)棉村,南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)洋河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)馬(ma)家(jia)(jia)(jia)堡村。岫巖(yan)軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃生產面(mian)積5000余畝,產量40萬(wan)公斤(jin)。
4.1外觀感官特(te)征:岫巖軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴(hou)桃形狀(zhuang)不一,有(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)的、橢圓(yuan)(yuan)的、長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱的、扁圓(yuan)(yuan)形的果(guo)(guo)實,果(guo)(guo)實整齊,外觀招人喜愛(ai);平均果(guo)(guo)重17.85g,最(zui)大單果(guo)(guo)重43g。果(guo)(guo)皮顏色通體(ti)碧綠,有(you)的綠中帶有(you)紅暈;果(guo)(guo)皮極為光滑、無(wu)毛、無(wu)棱角;果(guo)(guo)肉細膩、翠綠色、皮薄(bo)汁多、酸甜適口,風味(wei)濃(nong)郁 。果(guo)(guo)實進入成熟(shu)期9—10月(yue)份。
4.2內在品質:軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃(tao)被稱為水(shui)果中(zhong)的“VC之王”。岫巖(yan)軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃(tao)果實(shi)營養豐富、品質優良、風味獨特、清新爽(shuang)口。果肉含(han)有多種氨基酸、維(wei)生素(su)、脂(zhi)肪、膳食(shi)纖維(wei)、蛋(dan)白、鉀、鐵、鎂、鈣多種微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素(su)。其中(zhong)維(wei)生素(su)C含(han)量(liang)(liang)150—200mg/100g,,膳食(shi)纖維(wei)含(han)量(liang)(liang)3.5-4.5g/100g,總酸含(han)量(liang)(liang)12—15g/Kg,可溶(rong)性固形(xing)物(wu)9.5%-15%,鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)4-4.5mg/Kg,16種氨基酸總量(liang)(liang)1.1-1.85g/100g。
4.3產品(pin)質(zhi)量安全符合國家相關法律法規(gui)和國家農產品(pin)質(zhi)量安全規(gui)定。
3.1土壤管理
3.1.1園(yuan)地(di)(di)選擇(ze)。園(yuan)地(di)(di)應選擇(ze)土(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou),腐殖質(zhi)(zhi)、有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高,地(di)(di)下水(shui)位高于(yu)2m,疏松易滲(shen)水(shui)且(qie)透(tou)氣性好的(de)微酸(suan)性或中性的(de)土(tu)壤(rang);氣候溫和、光照充足(zu)、雨量(liang)充沛、生長季降水(shui)均勻、灌溉水(shui)充足(zu),無旱、晚霜(shuang)害或凍害的(de)地(di)(di)區;地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦,最宜為小于(yu)25°的(de)坡地(di)(di),種植應選擇(ze)背(bei)陽坡向的(de)北坡、東(dong)北坡、西北坡。
3.1.2土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)。軟棗獼猴(hou)桃在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)植、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)消耗土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)、有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)等,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)自我補(bu)充(chong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)差,需要(yao)人為對(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)(li)和(he)(he)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)補(bu)充(chong)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應以(yi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,結(jie)(jie)合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),減少化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)次數,防(fang)止(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)結(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)鹽漬(zi)化,保(bao)持(chi)(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可持(chi)(chi)續(xu)性(xing)。苗木定植前在(zai)(zai)定植坑底部(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)菌(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),有(you)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)可對(dui)全園(yuan)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,在(zai)(zai)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械進(jin)行(xing)旋耕,每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)1.5t。以(yi)后(hou)每(mei)年在(zai)(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,時間在(zai)(zai)采收后(hou)至(zhi)落(luo)葉(xie)前,宜(yi)早不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)晚(wan),采用(yong)環(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)者條狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。環(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是在(zai)(zai)根系(xi)外(wai)圍挖(wa)3個(ge)長(chang)0.5m,寬(kuan)0.2m,深(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝,位置(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠投(tou)影的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)方(fang),以(yi)不(bu)(bu)傷(shang)根須為原則(ze),以(yi)后(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝逐漸向外(wai)移動(dong);條狀(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠投(tou)影下(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側挖(wa)寬(kuan)0.4m,深(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)不(bu)(bu)傷(shang)根系(xi)為原則(ze),第二年選擇另外(wai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側進(jin)行(xing)挖(wa)坑,當(dang)根系(xi)布滿全園(yuan)時,將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)地(di)面,用(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械旋耕一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,深(shen)度15cm—20cm,以(yi)不(bu)(bu)傷(shang)根系(xi)為原則(ze),小樹(shu)每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)300kg,進(jin)入(ru)結(jie)(jie)果期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,盛(sheng)果期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)700kg。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)供(gong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)足時,可結(jie)(jie)合(he)滴灌設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi),將可溶性(xing)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)隨水進(jin)行(xing)沖施(shi)(shi)(shi)。園(yuan)區實行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)制(zhi)(zhi)度。在(zai)(zai)行(xing)間種(zhong)(zhong)植綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)物(wu),如草(cao)(cao)木樨(兩(liang)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本)、檉麻(一(yi)(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本)、田菁(一(yi)(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本)等,春季(ji)(ji)將行(xing)間旋耕一(yi)(yi)(yi)遍即可播種(zhong)(zhong),夏季(ji)(ji)盛(sheng)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)謝(xie)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)刈(yi)割(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,一(yi)(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)用(yong)旋耕機(ji)(ji)(ji)翻壓在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)里,多年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)刈(yi)割(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次。綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)過(guo)程(cheng)能(neng)(neng)使土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)難(nan)溶性(xing)養分進(jin)行(xing)轉化,以(yi)利(li)(li)于作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收利(li)(li)用(yong),綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幼嫩(nen)莖葉(xie),含(han)有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)養分,一(yi)(yi)(yi)旦(dan)在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)腐(fu)解(jie),能(neng)(neng)大量(liang)(liang)地(di)增加土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)和(he)(he)氮、磷、鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂和(he)(he)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素,增強土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)和(he)(he)腐(fu)殖質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang),促進(jin)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)。種(zhong)(zhong)植綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可以(yi)防(fang)風、固土(tu)(tu)(tu)、保(bao)持(chi)(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)水分含(han)量(liang)(liang)、抑制(zhi)(zhi)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。
3.2苗木種(zhong)植 3.2.1架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)勢選擇。軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)桃(tao)為藤(teng)蔓植物,一(yi)般選擇棚架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)和T型架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)面(mian)高度一(yi)般為2m,橫(heng)向寬(kuan)(kuan)度為5m,縱(zong)向寬(kuan)(kuan)度根據(ju)行(xing)間(jian)距(ju)決定。軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)桃(tao)采用高畦(qi)的(de)栽(zai)培方式,棚架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)畦(qi)面(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)2.5m,高0.1m,畦(qi)間(jian)距(ju)2.5m,種(zhong)植株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)為2m×5m,畝(mu)栽(zai)苗木66株(zhu)(zhu),T型架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)畦(qi)面(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)2m,高0.1m,畦(qi)間(jian)距(ju)2m,種(zhong)植株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)為2m×4m,畝(mu)栽(zai)苗木80株(zhu)(zhu)。
3.2.2品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)。軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃具有(you)采收(shou)期短、貯藏時(shi)間短的特點,在早、中、晚熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的搭配(pei)上要合(he)理(li),一(yi)般早熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)占20%,中熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)占30%,晚熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)占50%。軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃為雌雄異株植物,在種(zhong)(zhong)植前(qian)合(he)理(li)搭配(pei)雌雄比例(li),一(yi)般雌雄比例(li)在8:1,開花期有(you)蜜蜂進行授粉(fen),可適當減(jian)少雄株的比例(li)。
3.2.3苗木(mu)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)。軟棗獼猴(hou)桃(tao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)可春栽也可秋栽,春栽應(ying)在(zai)地面(mian)化凍(dong)50cm后(hou)進行,秋栽應(ying)在(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)上凍(dong)前進行。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)時,挖(wa)寬1m、深(shen)60cm的(de)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)溝(gou),熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和生土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分(fen)開堆放。先(xian)在(zai)溝(gou)底放入(ru)1.5t/畝有(you)機(ji)肥,再把按1:3比例混合后(hou)的(de)地表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與草炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)覆蓋(gai)在(zai)有(you)機(ji)肥上面(mian),先(xian)回(hui)填熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),后(hou)回(hui)填生土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),用空間熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)做高(gao)30㎝、寬2m的(de)畦(qi)。然后(hou)挖(wa)長、寬、各40㎝,深(shen)20㎝的(de)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)穴。最后(hou)把幼(you)苗(帶土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坨(tuo)為佳)按雌(ci)雄(xiong)比例8:1植(zhi)入(ru)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)坑(keng),培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓(ya)實。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)深(shen)度以苗木(mu)的(de)根頸部略低(di)于畦(qi)面(mian)1cm,回(hui)填土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)表面(mian)應(ying)略低(di)于畦(qi)面(mian)。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)應(ying)及時澆透封(feng)(feng)窩水(shui),待封(feng)(feng)窩水(shui)完全滲下后(hou),封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)蓋(gai)草保濕,防止(zhi)水(shui)分(fen)蒸發。
3.2.4整(zheng)(zheng)形修剪(jian)。軟棗獼猴桃采(cai)用單(dan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)雙主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓整(zheng)(zheng)形,定植后第一(yi)年,選擇(ze)一(yi)條(tiao)直立(li)(li)向上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)健(jian)壯(zhuang)新(xin)梢(shao)作為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan),其(qi)它新(xin)梢(shao)全(quan)部去除(chu)(chu)(chu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)高1.8m,當(dang)新(xin)梢(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)架面時(shi),在(zai)架面下10cm~15cm處(chu)將(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)短截(jie),促(cu)進(jin)側(ce)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)發,選擇(ze)2個(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)作為永久性主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓,其(qi)它側(ce)蔓全(quan)部抹(mo)(mo)去,當(dang)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)到50cm時(shi),交(jiao)叉(cha)將(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓引向東(dong)西或南北兩端(duan),綁縛在(zai)棚(peng)架線上(shang)(shang),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓上(shang)(shang)每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)40~50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(蔓)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)分開,成(cheng)魚刺(ci)狀分布,翌年在(zai)側(ce)蔓上(shang)(shang)每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)30cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),交(jiao)錯排列,均勻選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。第三年夏(xia)季(ji)修剪(jian),植株(zhu)抹(mo)(mo)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)期進(jin)行,即(ji)五月(yue)上(shang)(shang)中旬,抹(mo)(mo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)萌(meng)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)蘗,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)40—50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao),側(ce)蔓每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)30cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)強壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),細弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)處(chu)可(ke)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)頁強壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao),其(qi)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)全(quan)部抹(mo)(mo)去,當(dang)新(xin)梢(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)20cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)能夠(gou)辨識出花(hua)序時(shi),對過(guo)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發育枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、細弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)病(bing)蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行疏除(chu)(chu)(chu)。直立(li)(li)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3個(ge)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)重剪(jian),沒有空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)之處(chu)直接(jie)疏除(chu)(chu)(chu)。開花(hua)前后對生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)前留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4片葉(xie)進(jin)行摘心,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)較弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)不(bu)摘心,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)發育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)50cm—60cm時(shi),進(jin)行摘心,對于(yu)摘心處(chu)萌(meng)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)梢(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)其(qi)余(yu)全(quan)部抹(mo)(mo)除(chu)(chu)(chu),副(fu)梢(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3片葉(xie)反復摘心。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期對坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)過(guo)多(duo)、過(guo)密、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實小、品質差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)疏除(chu)(chu)(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)、過(guo)密果(guo)(guo)(guo)。植株(zhu)落葉(xie)后至(zhi)出現傷(shang)流前兩周(即(ji)11月(yue)中旬到立(li)(li)春(chun)前)進(jin)行冬(dong)季(ji)修剪(jian),成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)顏色為褐色,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)粗(cu)度(du)以(yi)0.8cm—1.0cm為宜,留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1.7—1.8m剪(jian)截(jie);主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓粗(cu)度(du)以(yi)0.8cm—1.0cm為宜,每(mei)側(ce)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m;側(ce)蔓枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)成(cheng)熟(shu),每(mei)年剪(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m—1.2m;結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)度(du)達到0.6cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)完(wan)全(quan)成(cheng)熟(shu)剪(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)50cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),每(mei)平方米保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中、長(chang)(chang)(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4—5個(ge),短枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如不(bu)過(guo)密,應盡(jin)量保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),強勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)多(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),細弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)重剪(jian)少(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya);對于(yu)有空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、粗(cu)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、芽(ya)(ya)(ya)眼飽滿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)前3—4個(ge)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)眼前剪(jian)去,無空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)處(chu)剪(jian)去;對于(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓基(ji)(ji)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從基(ji)(ji)部疏除(chu)(chu)(chu),其(qi)余(yu)有空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)擴(kuo)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4個(ge)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)重剪(jian),無空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏除(chu)(chu)(chu)。
3.2.5枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。軟(ruan)棗獼猴(hou)桃結(jie)(jie)果(guo)部位容易上(shang)升(sheng)或(huo)(huo)外移,需要(yao)及時更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。如果(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基部有生長充(chong)實(shi)健壯的(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)發(fa)育枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)將結(jie)(jie)果(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回縮到健壯部位。若(ruo)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生長過弱或(huo)(huo)其(qi)上(shang)分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過高,冬季修剪(jian)(jian)時,應將其(qi)從基部潛伏芽剪(jian)(jian)掉(diao),促使(shi)(shi)潛伏芽萌發(fa),選擇一(yi)個健壯的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)作為明年(nian)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)的(de)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通常每(mei)年(nian)全樹(shu)1/3左右的(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。對(dui)(dui)已結(jie)(jie)果(guo)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條一(yi)般2~3年(nian)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)次(ci);多年(nian)生枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)分(fen)局部更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)和全株(zhu)(zhu)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。局部更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就(jiu)是把部分(fen)衰(shuai)老和結(jie)(jie)果(guo)能(neng)力下降(jiang)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)剪(jian)(jian)掉(diao),促使(shi)(shi)發(fa)出的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man),這種更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)對(dui)(dui)產量影響(xiang)不(bu)大。全株(zhu)(zhu)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就(jiu)是當全株(zhu)(zhu)失去(qu)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)能(neng)力時,將老蔓(man)(man)一(yi)次(ci)性從基部剪(jian)(jian)掉(diao),利(li)用(yong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)出的(de)明蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新(xin)(xin)(xin)整形。疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較大的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)時要(yao)注意剪(jian)(jian)鋸(ju)口(kou)一(yi)定要(yao)盡(jin)量較短,不(bu)留枯死橛,促進較大傷口(kou)盡(jin)快愈(yu)合(he),否則(ze)傷口(kou)愈(yu)合(he)不(bu)良(liang)會引起樹(shu)干腐爛。
3.3水分管理。植(zhi)株生長階段(duan)當(dang)土(tu)壤含(han)水量地(di)低于50%時,應及(ji)時進行灌水。萌(meng)芽(ya)前(qian)應澆透(tou)水一次(ci),滿足生長的(de)(de)需(xu)要,開(kai)花(hua)(hua)期控制澆水的(de)(de)次(ci)數和用量,開(kai)花(hua)(hua)后應及(ji)時灌水,果實膨大期植(zhi)株需(xu)水較多,持(chi)續晴天環境(jing)下,應每(mei)周澆灌水一次(ci),果實成熟前(qian)15天停止澆水,軟棗獼猴桃休眠(mian)期間,在土(tu)壤上凍(dong)前(qian)(岫(xiu)巖地(di)區11月中(zhong)旬(xun))澆一邊透(tou)水。雨(yu)季土(tu)壤含(han)水量大于80%時,應進行排水。
3.4肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料管(guan)理。軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴桃在(zai)不同生長發育階段對肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的需求不同,一年中(zhong)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)包括(kuo)萌芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、花后肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)實膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及(ji)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),落(luo)葉(xie)后至土壤(rang)上凍(dong)前使(shi)用,宜早不宜晚,萌芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)速(su)效性氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)少量,氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)比例(li)為(wei)2:1:1,岫巖(yan)地區施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)4月中(zhong)下旬(xun);花后肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),少施氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),促進軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴桃的生殖生長,氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)比例(li)為(wei)1:2:2,岫巖(yan)地區施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)6月中(zhong)下旬(xun);果(guo)實膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),提升果(guo)實品(pin)質(zhi),磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的比例(li)為(wei)1:2。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方式可隨水(shui)進行施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),也可采用葉(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
3.5病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)的(de)原則是預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主,治(zhi)(zhi)療為(wei)輔,物理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、化(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、機械防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)綜合(he)利用。就目前(qian)岫巖地(di)區(qu)種植軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃發(fa)(fa)現(xian),種植過(guo)程中(zhong)僅(jin)出現(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)2種(紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu)、美國(guo)白(bai)蛾(e))病(bing)害(hai)(hai)1種(莖基腐病(bing))以及(ji)自然凍(dong)害(hai)(hai)。紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu)一般發(fa)(fa)生在(zai)(zai)軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃剛發(fa)(fa)芽期間(jian),岫巖地(di)區(qu)出現(xian)在(zai)(zai)4月下(xia)旬(xun),防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)在(zai)(zai)越冬卵孵化(hua)前(qian)刮(gua)樹皮(pi)(pi)并集(ji)中(zhong)燒毀(hui),刮(gua)皮(pi)(pi)后在(zai)(zai)樹干涂白(bai)(石灰水)殺死大(da)部(bu)分(fen)越冬卵,早(zao)春(chun)進行(xing)翻地(di),清除地(di)面(mian)雜草,保持越冬卵孵化(hua)期間(jian)田間(jian)沒(mei)有雜草,在(zai)(zai)紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)樹前(qian),用無(wu)毒不干粘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)膠(jiao)在(zai)(zai)樹干中(zhong)涂一閉(bi)合(he)粘膠(jiao)環,環寬約1厘(li)米,2個月左右再(zai)涂一次,可有效防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu);春(chun)季(ji)季(ji)候變化(hua)較大(da),突然的(de)大(da)幅(fu)度降溫(wen)容易引起軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃的(de)凍(dong)害(hai)(hai),預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方法(fa)為(wei)收(shou)聽天氣預報,做(zuo)好預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工作,出現(xian)大(da)幅(fu)度降溫(wen)可通過(guo)園區(qu)澆水或者生煙(yan)的(de)方式預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang);美國(guo)白(bai)蛾(e)岫巖地(di)區(qu)出現(xian)在(zai)(zai)6月下(xia)旬(xun)7月上(shang)旬(xun),發(fa)(fa)現(xian)美國(guo)白(bai)蛾(e)少(shao)量可進行(xing)人工捕捉,成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)具有趨光性,懸掛殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈誘(you)殺成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);根(gen)據(ju)老(lao)熟幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)下(xia)樹化(hua)蛹的(de)特性,于老(lao)熟幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)下(xia)樹前(qian),在(zai)(zai)樹干1.5m高處,用谷草、稻草等圍成(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)緊(jin)下(xia)松的(de)草把(ba)(ba),誘(you)集(ji)老(lao)熟幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)集(ji)中(zhong)化(hua)蛹,發(fa)(fa)生危害(hai)(hai)大(da)時,每隔一周換一次草把(ba)(ba),解下(xia)的(de)草把(ba)(ba)集(ji)中(zhong)燒毀(hui)。
5.1協議(yi):符合(he)要求的(de)標(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人與證書持有(you)人簽訂使(shi)用(yong)(yong)協議(yi)。明確標(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)對象、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)法等,協議(yi)生效后,按照地理標(biao)志管理有(you)關規定操作。
5.2包裝:銷售的岫巖軟棗獼猴桃按(an)照(zhao)《中華人(ren)民共和國農產品質量安全法(fa)(fa)》和《農產品地理標(biao)志管理辦(ban)法(fa)(fa)》的相(xiang)關(guan)規定進行(xing)包裝。
5.3標(biao)志(zhi)的使用(yong):岫巖軟棗獼猴桃地域范圍內的生產(chan)(chan)經營者,如需在產(chan)(chan)品或包裝(zhuang)上使用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi),須向登記(ji)證書持有人提出(chu)申請,并按(an)照相關規范生產(chan)(chan)和(he)標(biao)志(zhi)使用(yong),統一采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品名(ming)稱和(he)農產(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)識(shi)相結合的標(biao)識(shi)標(biao)注方法(fa)。