野(ye)生(sheng)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃生(sheng)于陰坡的(de)針、闊混交林中土壤(rang)肥沃內,有(you)的(de)生(sheng)于陽坡水分充足(zu)的(de)地方。喜涼爽(shuang)、濕潤的(de)氣(qi)候,或山(shan)溝溪流(liu)旁,多攀援在闊葉(xie)樹(shu)上,枝蔓多集(ji)中分布(bu)于樹(shu)冠(guan)上部,岫巖滿族自治縣各山(shan)區現存的(de)大(da)量野(ye)生(sheng)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃都分布(bu)這種獨特(te)的(de)自然環(huan)境之中。
2.1、獨特的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態條件,是岫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)繁(fan)衍的(de)(de)(de)最佳環境岫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣位于長(chang)白山(shan)山(shan)脈余脈,境內(nei)(nei)峰巒起伏,擁有(you)(you)(you)“八山(shan)半水一分田(tian),半分道路和(he)村莊”的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然地(di)貌。低山(shan)面積(ji)占全縣總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)78%以上。岫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)區在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植軟棗獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)選擇(ze)在(zai)坡(po)度小于25°的(de)(de)(de)北坡(po)、西北坡(po),根據其生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)習性(xing)(xing),采(cai)用棚架或T字型架式栽(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,使其枝蔓延架勢充分生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),模擬(ni)其野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環境,在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植過程(cheng)中岫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)沒有(you)(you)(you)表現(xian)不適性(xing)(xing),原有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)優(you)良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得到延續。岫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣林(lin)(lin)木(mu)蓄積(ji)量近500萬立(li)方米,森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達71.3%。森林(lin)(lin)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)天然次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)和(he)人(ren)工林(lin)(lin),樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)35科80屬170多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),珍貴樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)紫椴(duan)、核桃(tao)(tao)楸(qiu)、山(shan)槐、水曲柳、刺楸(qiu)、黃菠蘿等(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),林(lin)(lin)間分布山(shan)貨野(ye)(ye)(ye)果(guo)80多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物60余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)材為(wei)(wei)人(ren)們認識和(he)采(cai)集的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),山(shan)楂、核桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)葡萄(tao)、獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)花椒等(deng)野(ye)(ye)(ye)果(guo)樹(shu)遍(bian)及(ji)全縣山(shan)嶺。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植環境優(you)良,野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)資源豐富,據1989年岫巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)縣志記載道:“獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)在(zai)縣內(nei)(nei)各地(di)山(shan)區均有(you)(you)(you)分布,皆為(wei)(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng),全縣大約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)13.6萬株(zhu),年產獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)22.6萬公斤。1983年至1984年,縣內(nei)(nei)開(kai)始用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植或扦插繁(fan)殖進行(xing)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培。”
2.2、獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差,為(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)提(ti)供了(le)(le)(le)品質(zhi)保(bao)證岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)位于(yu)北溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,北部由千山山脈(長(chang)白(bai)(bai)山山脈余(yu)脈)向西(xi)南(nan)和(he)(he)東南(nan)方向延伸,形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)環抱岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)北、西(xi)、東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然屏(ping)障(zhang),高(gao)山阻礙了(le)(le)(le)冬季寒(han)(han)冷(leng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)來,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)無霜期達(da)156天,延長(chang)了(le)(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)周期。最冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一月份平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-9.9℃,極端(duan)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-15.5℃,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候相對(dui)于(yu)同緯度地區暖和(he)(he),降低(di)了(le)(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)在種植(zhi)過程中(zhong)受凍害和(he)(he)倒春(chun)(chun)寒(han)(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃,最熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七、八(ba)月氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)達(da)28.1℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2500~3000℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時數為(wei)(wei)2302.7小時,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)光照(zhao)充(chong)足(zu),全年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季均(jun)在適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度條件下(xia)進(jin)行(xing),受高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)危害影響小,軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)枝繁(fan)葉(xie)茂,有(you)利(li)于(yu)進(jin)行(xing)光合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),增(zeng)(zeng)加岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)積(ji)累。秋(qiu)(qiu)季最大(da)晝(zhou)夜(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差達(da)19℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)晝(zhou)夜(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差13℃,岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白(bai)(bai)天光合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),消耗二(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui),合成(cheng)葡萄(tao)糖(tang),夜(ye)(ye)晚低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)有(you)利(li)于(yu)葡萄(tao)糖(tang)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成(cheng)多(duo)糖(tang)和(he)(he)其他營養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)分(fen),且低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)抑制(zhi)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼吸作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),減(jian)少了(le)(le)(le)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)消耗,貯(zhu)藏(zang)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)分(fen)。 3.2.3、獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資源、有(you)機質(zhi)土(tu)壤,豐富(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)營養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)分(fen)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)縣(xian)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)資源豐富(fu)(fu),500余(yu)條溪流迂回(hui)在縱橫交(jiao)錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝谷(gu)間,匯成(cheng)13條支流,全長(chang)882公里,水(shui)(shui)域面積(ji)幾乎(hu)全覆蓋岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian),水(shui)(shui)資源總量(liang)(liang)(liang)近20億立方米,為(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)提(ti)供基礎。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)是國家(jia)二(er)級水(shui)(shui)源保(bao)護地。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈見底(di),水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素(su)(su),補充(chong)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)元素(su)(su)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)775.8mm~933.8mm,冬、春(chun)(chun)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占全年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.7%,豐沛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降雨(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)了(le)(le)(le)早春(chun)(chun)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理活動所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen);夏季雨(yu)熱(re)同期,降雨(yu)豐富(fu)(fu),占全年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)之二(er),滿(man)(man)足(zu)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季對(dui)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求,促(cu)進(jin)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang);秋(qiu)(qiu)季天高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)爽(shuang)、少雨(yu),有(you)利(li)于(yu)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)和(he)(he)營養(yang)(yang)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)土(tu)壤以(yi)棕壤土(tu)和(he)(he)草甸土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,土(tu)壤有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)21.9g/kg,全氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1.32mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)31.7mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)鉀(jia)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)133mg/kg,屬(shu)于(yu)高(gao)等供鉀(jia)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping),軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)屬(shu)于(yu)喜鉀(jia)植(zhi)物(wu),土(tu)壤中(zhong)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉀(jia)離(li)子供給,可(ke)以(yi)明顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗寒(han)(han)、抗旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力,增(zeng)(zeng)強植(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆性(xing)(xing)(xing);有(you)利(li)于(yu)提(ti)高(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)體(ti)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)代謝、葉(xie)綠(lv)素(su)(su)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)葉(xie)肉(rou)細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透(tou)性(xing)(xing)(xing),促(cu)進(jin)葉(xie)片光合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),提(ti)高(gao)果實(shi)營養(yang)(yang)積(ji)累,顯(xian)著提(ti)高(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)可(ke)溶性(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)形物(wu)和(he)(he)VC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang),檢測結果表明:岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)VC含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)166mg/kg;鉀(jia)可(ke)以(yi)促(cu)進(jin)果實(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淀粉(fen)向糖(tang)轉(zhuan)化(hua)、促(cu)進(jin)蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing)(xing),提(ti)高(gao)果實(shi)含(han)糖(tang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。
岫巖滿族自治(zhi)縣(xian)隸屬(shu)于遼(liao)寧(ning)省鞍山市,遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)半島(dao)北部,北緯40°0′~40°39′,東(dong)(dong)經(jing)122°52′~123°41′。東(dong)(dong)及東(dong)(dong)南與(yu)鳳城市、東(dong)(dong)港(gang)市毗(pi)連,西與(yu)大石(shi)橋市、蓋州市為鄰,南與(yu)莊河(he)(he)市相接,北及西北與(yu)遼(liao)陽(yang)縣(xian)、海城市接壤。轄新甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清(qing)涼山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、藥(yao)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)廟(miao)(miao)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蘇子(zi)溝(gou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、偏(pian)嶺(ling)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝陽(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大營(ying)(ying)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍潭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、前(qian)營(ying)(ying)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、哈達(da)碑鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)灰窯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃花甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牧(mu)牛鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大房身(shen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三家子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楊家堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洋河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺(ling)溝(gou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、哨子(zi)河(he)(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紅旗營(ying)(ying)子(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大寧(ning)街道辦事處、仙人咀辦事處、雅河(he)(he)工業經(jing)濟(ji)區(qu)、興隆(long)經(jing)濟(ji)區(qu)、阜昌(chang)經(jing)濟(ji)區(qu)26個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、辦事處、經(jing)濟(ji)區(qu),197個行(xing)政村(cun),總(zong)面積為53.45萬(wan)畝。東(dong)(dong)至大營(ying)(ying)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)陶家隈(wei)子(zi)村(cun),西至石(shi)灰窯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)坎子(zi)村(cun),北至石(shi)廟(miao)(miao)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)石(shi)棉村(cun),南至洋河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)馬(ma)家堡村(cun)。岫巖軟棗獼猴桃生產(chan)面積5000余畝,產(chan)量40萬(wan)公斤。
4.1外(wai)觀感官特征(zheng):岫巖軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴桃(tao)形(xing)狀不一,有圓(yuan)的、橢圓(yuan)的、長圓(yuan)柱的、扁圓(yuan)形(xing)的果(guo)實(shi)(shi),果(guo)實(shi)(shi)整齊(qi),外(wai)觀招(zhao)人喜愛(ai);平均果(guo)重17.85g,最大單果(guo)重43g。果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)顏(yan)色通體碧綠,有的綠中帶(dai)有紅暈;果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)極為光滑(hua)、無(wu)(wu)毛、無(wu)(wu)棱角(jiao);果(guo)肉細(xi)膩、翠綠色、皮(pi)(pi)薄汁多、酸甜(tian)適口,風味濃(nong)郁 。果(guo)實(shi)(shi)進入成熟期9—10月份。
4.2內在品質:軟棗獼猴桃(tao)被稱為水果(guo)中的(de)“VC之王”。岫巖軟棗獼猴桃(tao)果(guo)實(shi)營養豐富、品質優良、風味獨(du)特、清新爽口。果(guo)肉含(han)(han)有多種氨(an)基酸、維生(sheng)素(su)、脂(zhi)肪、膳食纖維、蛋白(bai)、鉀、鐵(tie)、鎂、鈣多種微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)。其中維生(sheng)素(su)C含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)150—200mg/100g,,膳食纖維含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)3.5-4.5g/100g,總酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)12—15g/Kg,可溶(rong)性固形物9.5%-15%,鐵(tie)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)4-4.5mg/Kg,16種氨(an)基酸總量(liang)(liang)1.1-1.85g/100g。
4.3產品質量安(an)全符合國家相關法律法規和國家農產品質量安(an)全規定。
3.1土壤管理
3.1.1園地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇。園地(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)擇土層深厚,腐殖質、有機(ji)質含量高(gao),地(di)(di)下水位高(gao)于2m,疏松(song)易滲水且透氣性好的(de)微酸性或中性的(de)土壤;氣候(hou)溫(wen)和、光照充足、雨量充沛(pei)、生長季降水均勻、灌溉水充足,無旱、晚霜害或凍害的(de)地(di)(di)區;地(di)(di)勢平坦,最宜(yi)為小于25°的(de)坡(po)地(di)(di),種植應(ying)選(xuan)擇背(bei)陽坡(po)向的(de)北坡(po)、東(dong)北坡(po)、西北坡(po)。
3.1.2土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)。軟棗獼猴桃在種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)產過程中(zhong)需要消耗土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)、有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)等(deng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)自(zi)我(wo)補充能(neng)力(li)差,需要人為(wei)對土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)和(he)(he)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)補充。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應(ying)以(yi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,結(jie)合生(sheng)(sheng)物菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),減少化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)次(ci)(ci)(ci)數(shu),防(fang)止土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)結(jie)和(he)(he)鹽漬化,保(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)持(chi)續性(xing)。苗木定植(zhi)前在定植(zhi)坑底部(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),有(you)條件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)對全園(yuan)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),在用(yong)機(ji)械(xie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕,每(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)1.5t。以(yi)后每(mei)(mei)年在秋(qiu)季(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),時間在采(cai)收后至落葉前,宜(yi)早不(bu)宜(yi)晚(wan),采(cai)用(yong)環(huan)狀(zhuang)或者(zhe)條狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)方式進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。環(huan)狀(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是在根系外(wai)圍挖(wa)(wa)3個(ge)長(chang)(chang)0.5m,寬0.2m,深0.4m的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)狀(zhuang)溝(gou),位(wei)置一(yi)般(ban)在樹(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)(tou)影(ying)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)方,以(yi)不(bu)傷根須為(wei)原(yuan)則(ze),以(yi)后施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝(gou)逐漸向外(wai)移(yi)動;條狀(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在樹(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)(tou)影(ying)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)側挖(wa)(wa)寬0.4m,深0.4m的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝(gou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)不(bu)傷根系為(wei)原(yuan)則(ze),第(di)二年選擇另外(wai)一(yi)側進(jin)行(xing)(xing)挖(wa)(wa)坑,當根系布滿全園(yuan)時,將(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)在地(di)面,用(yong)機(ji)械(xie)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),深度15cm—20cm,以(yi)不(bu)傷根系為(wei)原(yuan)則(ze),小樹(shu)每(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)300kg,進(jin)入結(jie)果期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)每(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,盛果期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)每(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)700kg。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)供(gong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)足時,可(ke)結(jie)合滴灌設施(shi)(shi)(shi),將(jiang)可(ke)溶性(xing)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)隨水進(jin)行(xing)(xing)沖施(shi)(shi)(shi)。園(yuan)區實行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)制度。在行(xing)(xing)間種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)物,如草(cao)(cao)(cao)木樨(兩年生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben))、檉麻(一(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben))、田(tian)菁(一(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben))等(deng),春季(ji)將(jiang)行(xing)(xing)間旋(xuan)(xuan)耕一(yi)遍即可(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong),夏季(ji)盛花期(qi)(qi)至謝花期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)刈割一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),一(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)秋(qiu)季(ji)用(yong)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕機(ji)翻壓在土(tu)(tu)(tu)里,多年生(sheng)(sheng)秋(qiu)季(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)刈割一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)過程能(neng)使土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)難溶性(xing)養分進(jin)行(xing)(xing)轉化,以(yi)利于作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)吸收利用(yong),綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)幼嫩莖(jing)葉,含有(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)養分,一(yi)旦在土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)腐(fu)解,能(neng)大量(liang)(liang)地(di)增加土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)氮、磷、鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂(mei)和(he)(he)各種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素,增強土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)腐(fu)殖(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)(liang),促進(jin)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)各種(zhong)(zhong)微生(sheng)(sheng)物的(de)(de)(de)活動。種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)風、固土(tu)(tu)(tu)、保(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)水分含量(liang)(liang)、抑制雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。
3.2苗木種植(zhi) 3.2.1架(jia)(jia)勢選擇。軟棗獼猴(hou)桃(tao)為藤(teng)蔓植(zhi)物(wu),一般(ban)選擇棚架(jia)(jia)和T型(xing)架(jia)(jia),架(jia)(jia)面高度一般(ban)為2m,橫向寬度為5m,縱向寬度根據行間距(ju)決定(ding)。軟棗獼猴(hou)桃(tao)采用高畦(qi)(qi)的栽培方式,棚架(jia)(jia)畦(qi)(qi)面寬2.5m,高0.1m,畦(qi)(qi)間距(ju)2.5m,種植(zhi)株(zhu)行距(ju)為2m×5m,畝栽苗木66株(zhu),T型(xing)架(jia)(jia)畦(qi)(qi)面寬2m,高0.1m,畦(qi)(qi)間距(ju)2m,種植(zhi)株(zhu)行距(ju)為2m×4m,畝栽苗木80株(zhu)。
3.2.2品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選擇。軟棗獼猴桃具有采(cai)收(shou)期(qi)短(duan)、貯藏(zang)時間短(duan)的特點(dian),在(zai)早、中(zhong)、晚(wan)熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的搭(da)配上要合理(li),一般早熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占20%,中(zhong)熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占30%,晚(wan)熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占50%。軟棗獼猴桃為雌(ci)雄異株植物,在(zai)種(zhong)植前合理(li)搭(da)配雌(ci)雄比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li),一般雌(ci)雄比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)在(zai)8:1,開花期(qi)有蜜蜂進行(xing)授(shou)粉(fen),可適當(dang)減少雄株的比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)。
3.2.3苗木(mu)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。軟棗獼猴桃定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)春栽也可(ke)秋(qiu)栽,春栽應(ying)在(zai)(zai)地面(mian)(mian)化凍50cm后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進行(xing),秋(qiu)栽應(ying)在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)壤上凍前進行(xing)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),挖(wa)(wa)寬1m、深60cm的(de)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou),熟土(tu)(tu)和(he)生土(tu)(tu)分開堆放(fang)。先(xian)在(zai)(zai)溝(gou)(gou)底放(fang)入(ru)1.5t/畝有(you)機肥(fei)(fei),再把按(an)1:3比例混合(he)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)地表土(tu)(tu)與草(cao)炭(tan)土(tu)(tu)覆蓋在(zai)(zai)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)上面(mian)(mian),先(xian)回(hui)填熟土(tu)(tu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)回(hui)填生土(tu)(tu),用空間熟土(tu)(tu)做高30㎝、寬2m的(de)畦。然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挖(wa)(wa)長、寬、各40㎝,深20㎝的(de)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴。最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)把幼苗(帶土(tu)(tu)坨為佳)按(an)雌雄比例8:1植(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)坑,培(pei)土(tu)(tu)壓實。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)深度以苗木(mu)的(de)根頸部略低于畦面(mian)(mian)1cm,回(hui)填土(tu)(tu)壤表面(mian)(mian)應(ying)略低于畦面(mian)(mian)。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)及時(shi)澆透封(feng)(feng)窩水(shui),待封(feng)(feng)窩水(shui)完全滲下(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),封(feng)(feng)土(tu)(tu)蓋草(cao)保(bao)濕,防止(zhi)水(shui)分蒸(zheng)發。
3.2.4整形修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。軟(ruan)棗獼猴桃采用單主(zhu)干雙主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)整形,定植后(hou)(hou)第(di)一(yi)(yi)年,選(xuan)(xuan)擇一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)直(zhi)立向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)健壯新梢作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)干,其(qi)(qi)它(ta)新梢全(quan)部去(qu)除(chu)(chu),主(zhu)干高1.8m,當(dang)新梢生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)架面時(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)架面下10cm~15cm處將主(zhu)干短截,促(cu)進側(ce)(ce)芽的(de)(de)(de)萌發,選(xuan)(xuan)擇2個生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)永久性主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man),其(qi)(qi)它(ta)側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)全(quan)部抹(mo)(mo)(mo)去(qu),當(dang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)50cm時(shi),交叉(cha)將主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)引(yin)向(xiang)東西或南(nan)北兩端(duan),綁縛在(zai)(zai)(zai)棚架線上(shang)(shang),主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)每(mei)隔40~50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man))左右分(fen)開,成(cheng)魚刺狀分(fen)布,翌年在(zai)(zai)(zai)側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)每(mei)隔30cm左右,交錯排列,均勻選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。第(di)三年夏季(ji)修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),植株抹(mo)(mo)(mo)芽時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)萌芽期(qi)進行(xing)(xing),即五月上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun),抹(mo)(mo)(mo)除(chu)(chu)主(zhu)干上(shang)(shang)萌發的(de)(de)(de)萌蘗,主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)隔40—50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)隔30cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個強壯的(de)(de)(de)芽,細(xi)弱的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)處可留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)頁強壯的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)(qi)余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)芽全(quan)部抹(mo)(mo)(mo)去(qu),當(dang)新梢生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)20cm以上(shang)(shang)能夠辨識出(chu)(chu)花(hua)序時(shi),對(dui)過密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)發育枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、細(xi)弱的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)疏除(chu)(chu)。直(zhi)立生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3個芽重剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),沒有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)之處直(zhi)接疏除(chu)(chu)。開花(hua)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)進行(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)較(jiao)弱的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)不(bu)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發育的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)50cm—60cm時(shi),進行(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),對(dui)于摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)處萌發的(de)(de)(de)副(fu)梢留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個其(qi)(qi)余(yu)(yu)全(quan)部抹(mo)(mo)(mo)除(chu)(chu),副(fu)梢留(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)反(fan)復(fu)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)對(dui)坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過多(duo)、過密(mi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實小(xiao)、品質差的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要疏除(chu)(chu)小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、過密(mi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。植株落葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)(hou)至(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)現傷流前(qian)兩周(即11月中(zhong)旬(xun)到(dao)立春前(qian))進行(xing)(xing)冬季(ji)修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)顏色為(wei)(wei)(wei)褐色,主(zhu)干粗(cu)度以0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,留(liu)(liu)(liu)1.7—1.8m剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)截;主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)粗(cu)度以0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,每(mei)側(ce)(ce)留(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m;側(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)成(cheng)熟(shu),每(mei)年剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m—1.2m;結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)度達到(dao)0.6cm以上(shang)(shang),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)完全(quan)成(cheng)熟(shu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)50cm左右,每(mei)平方米(mi)保留(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4—5個,短枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如不(bu)過密(mi),應盡量保留(liu)(liu)(liu),強勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)芽,細(xi)弱的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要重剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少留(liu)(liu)(liu)芽;對(dui)于有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)、粗(cu)壯的(de)(de)(de)、芽眼(yan)飽滿的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)3—4個芽眼(yan)前(qian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu),無空(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)處剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu);對(dui)于主(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)基(ji)部的(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從基(ji)部疏除(chu)(chu),其(qi)(qi)余(yu)(yu)有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)擴展的(de)(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4個芽重剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),無空(kong)(kong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)疏除(chu)(chu)。
3.2.5枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)(man)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)。軟棗獼猴桃結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)部位容(rong)易上升或(huo)(huo)(huo)外移,需要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)。如果(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)部有生(sheng)長(chang)充(chong)實健壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)發(fa)育(yu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可將結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)縮(suo)到健壯(zhuang)部位。若(ruo)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)過弱(ruo)或(huo)(huo)(huo)其上分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過高,冬(dong)季(ji)修剪時(shi),應將其從基(ji)部潛伏芽剪掉(diao)(diao),促(cu)(cu)使潛伏芽萌發(fa),選擇一(yi)個健壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)梢(shao)作(zuo)為明年(nian)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通常每年(nian)全樹1/3左右的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行更(geng)(geng)新(xin)。對已(yi)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條一(yi)般2~3年(nian)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)一(yi)次(ci);多年(nian)生(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)(man)分(fen)局部更(geng)(geng)新(xin)和全株(zhu)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)。局部更(geng)(geng)新(xin)就是(shi)把部分(fen)衰老和結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)能力(li)下降的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)(man)剪掉(diao)(diao),促(cu)(cu)使發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)(man),這(zhe)種更(geng)(geng)新(xin)對產量(liang)影響不大。全株(zhu)更(geng)(geng)新(xin)就是(shi)當全株(zhu)失去結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)能力(li)時(shi),將老蔓(man)(man)(man)一(yi)次(ci)性從基(ji)部剪掉(diao)(diao),利(li)用新(xin)發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)明蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新(xin)整形。疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)(man)(man)時(shi)要(yao)注意剪鋸口一(yi)定(ding)要(yao)盡量(liang)較(jiao)短(duan),不留(liu)枯死橛,促(cu)(cu)進較(jiao)大傷(shang)口盡快愈合,否則(ze)傷(shang)口愈合不良會引起樹干腐爛。
3.3水(shui)(shui)(shui)分管理。植株生長階段當土壤(rang)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)地低于50%時(shi),應(ying)及時(shi)進行灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)。萌芽(ya)前(qian)應(ying)澆(jiao)(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)次(ci)(ci),滿足生長的需要,開花期控制澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的次(ci)(ci)數(shu)和用量(liang),開花后(hou)應(ying)及時(shi)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui),果(guo)實膨大期植株需水(shui)(shui)(shui)較多,持續(xu)晴天(tian)環(huan)境(jing)下,應(ying)每周(zhou)澆(jiao)(jiao)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)次(ci)(ci),果(guo)實成(cheng)熟前(qian)15天(tian)停止澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),軟棗獼猴桃休眠期間,在土壤(rang)上凍(dong)前(qian)(岫巖(yan)地區11月中旬)澆(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)邊(bian)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)。雨季土壤(rang)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)大于80%時(shi),應(ying)進行排水(shui)(shui)(shui)。
3.4肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料管理。軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃在(zai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同生(sheng)(sheng)長發育階段對(dui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的需(xu)求不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,一年中(zhong)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)包括萌(meng)芽(ya)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、花后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)實膨(peng)大肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,落(luo)葉(xie)后(hou)至(zhi)土壤上凍前(qian)使用,宜早不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜晚(wan),萌(meng)芽(ya)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以速效性氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,磷鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)少量,氮(dan)磷鉀(jia)(jia)比(bi)(bi)例為2:1:1,岫巖地(di)區施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間在(zai)4月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)旬;花后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以磷鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,少施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),促進軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃的生(sheng)(sheng)殖生(sheng)(sheng)長,氮(dan)磷鉀(jia)(jia)比(bi)(bi)例為1:2:2,岫巖地(di)區施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間在(zai)6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)下(xia)旬;果(guo)實膨(peng)大肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主,提升果(guo)實品質,磷鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的比(bi)(bi)例為1:2。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方式可隨水進行施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),也可采用葉(xie)面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
3.5病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)護(hu)。病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)護(hu)的原則是預(yu)(yu)防(fang)為主,治療(liao)為輔(fu),物理防(fang)治、化(hua)(hua)(hua)學防(fang)治、生物防(fang)治、機械防(fang)治綜合利用(yong)。就目前(qian)(qian)岫(xiu)巖(yan)地(di)(di)區(qu)種(zhong)植軟棗(zao)獼猴桃發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian),種(zhong)植過(guo)程中僅出現(xian)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)2種(zhong)(紅蜘蛛(zhu)、美(mei)國白(bai)蛾)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)1種(zhong)(莖基腐(fu)病(bing))以(yi)及自然凍害(hai)(hai)。紅蜘蛛(zhu)一般發(fa)(fa)(fa)生在(zai)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃剛發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽期間,岫(xiu)巖(yan)地(di)(di)區(qu)出現(xian)在(zai)4月下旬,防(fang)治方(fang)(fang)法在(zai)越(yue)冬(dong)卵孵化(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)刮樹(shu)(shu)皮并集(ji)中燒(shao)毀,刮皮后在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)干涂(tu)白(bai)(石灰水)殺死(si)大(da)(da)部分越(yue)冬(dong)卵,早春進(jin)行翻地(di)(di),清除地(di)(di)面雜草(cao),保(bao)持越(yue)冬(dong)卵孵化(hua)(hua)(hua)期間田間沒有雜草(cao),在(zai)紅蜘蛛(zhu)上(shang)樹(shu)(shu)前(qian)(qian),用(yong)無毒不干粘(zhan)蟲(chong)膠在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)干中涂(tu)一閉合粘(zhan)膠環,環寬約1厘米(mi),2個月左右再涂(tu)一次,可(ke)有效(xiao)防(fang)治紅蜘蛛(zhu);春季季候變化(hua)(hua)(hua)較(jiao)大(da)(da),突然的大(da)(da)幅度(du)降溫(wen)容易引起軟棗(zao)獼猴桃的凍害(hai)(hai),預(yu)(yu)防(fang)方(fang)(fang)法為收聽(ting)天氣預(yu)(yu)報,做好預(yu)(yu)防(fang)工作,出現(xian)大(da)(da)幅度(du)降溫(wen)可(ke)通過(guo)園(yuan)區(qu)澆水或者生煙的方(fang)(fang)式預(yu)(yu)防(fang);美(mei)國白(bai)蛾岫(xiu)巖(yan)地(di)(di)區(qu)出現(xian)在(zai)6月下旬7月上(shang)旬,發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)美(mei)國白(bai)蛾少量可(ke)進(jin)行人工捕(bu)捉(zhuo),成(cheng)蟲(chong)具有趨光性,懸掛殺蟲(chong)燈誘(you)殺成(cheng)蟲(chong);根據(ju)老(lao)熟幼蟲(chong)下樹(shu)(shu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)蛹(yong)的特性,于老(lao)熟幼蟲(chong)下樹(shu)(shu)前(qian)(qian),在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)干1.5m高處(chu),用(yong)谷草(cao)、稻草(cao)等圍(wei)成(cheng)上(shang)緊下松的草(cao)把(ba),誘(you)集(ji)老(lao)熟幼蟲(chong)集(ji)中化(hua)(hua)(hua)蛹(yong),發(fa)(fa)(fa)生危害(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)時,每隔一周換一次草(cao)把(ba),解(jie)下的草(cao)把(ba)集(ji)中燒(shao)毀。
5.1協(xie)議:符合(he)要求的標志使(shi)用人與證書持有人簽訂使(shi)用協(xie)議。明確標志使(shi)用范(fan)圍、使(shi)用對象、使(shi)用方(fang)法等(deng),協(xie)議生效后,按照地理(li)標志管理(li)有關規定操作(zuo)。
5.2包(bao)裝:銷售的岫巖軟棗(zao)獼猴桃(tao)按照(zhao)《中華人民(min)共和國(guo)農產品質量安全法》和《農產品地理(li)標志管理(li)辦法》的相關規定進(jin)行包(bao)裝。
5.3標(biao)(biao)志的使(shi)用(yong):岫巖(yan)軟棗(zao)獼猴(hou)桃地域(yu)范圍(wei)內的生(sheng)產(chan)經營者,如(ru)需在(zai)產(chan)品或包裝上使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志,須向登記證書持有(you)人提出申請(qing),并按(an)照相關規范生(sheng)產(chan)和標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong),統一采用(yong)產(chan)品名稱和農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合的標(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)注方法。