野生(sheng)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃生(sheng)于陰坡的(de)針、闊混交林(lin)中土壤肥沃內,有的(de)生(sheng)于陽坡水(shui)分(fen)充(chong)足的(de)地方。喜(xi)涼爽、濕潤的(de)氣候(hou),或(huo)山(shan)溝溪流旁(pang),多(duo)攀(pan)援在(zai)闊葉(xie)樹上(shang),枝蔓多(duo)集(ji)中分(fen)布于樹冠上(shang)部,岫巖滿族自治縣各(ge)山(shan)區(qu)現存(cun)的(de)大量野生(sheng)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃都分(fen)布這種(zhong)獨(du)特的(de)自然環(huan)境之中。
2.1、獨特的(de)(de)自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條件,是岫(xiu)巖(yan)軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)繁(fan)衍(yan)的(de)(de)最佳(jia)環境(jing)岫(xiu)巖(yan)滿族自治縣位于長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈余(yu)脈,境(jing)內(nei)峰(feng)巒起(qi)伏(fu),擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)“八山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半水一分(fen)田,半分(fen)道(dao)路和村莊”的(de)(de)自然(ran)地貌。低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)積(ji)占全縣總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)78%以上。岫(xiu)巖(yan)地區在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)選擇(ze)在(zai)(zai)坡度小于25°的(de)(de)北坡、西北坡,根據其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)習性,采用(yong)棚架或T字型架式栽(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),使其(qi)枝蔓(man)延架勢充分(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),模擬(ni)其(qi)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環境(jing),在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)過程中岫(xiu)巖(yan)軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)表現不(bu)適(shi)性,原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得到延續。岫(xiu)巖(yan)滿族自治縣林木蓄積(ji)量(liang)近500萬立方米,森林覆蓋率達71.3%。森林多為(wei)天(tian)然(ran)次生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林和人(ren)工(gong)林,樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)35科80屬170多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),珍貴樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)紫椴、核桃(tao)(tao)楸、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)槐、水曲柳、刺(ci)楸、黃菠蘿等(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),林間分(fen)布山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)貨野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)果80多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物60余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)藥材為(wei)人(ren)們認識和采集的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)楂、核桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)葡萄、獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)花椒等(deng)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)果樹(shu)(shu)遍及全縣山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)環境(jing)優良,野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資源豐富,據1989年岫(xiu)巖(yan)縣志記(ji)載(zai)道(dao):“獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)縣內(nei)各(ge)地山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區均有(you)(you)(you)(you)分(fen)布,皆為(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),全縣大約有(you)(you)(you)(you)13.6萬株,年產獼(mi)猴(hou)桃(tao)(tao)22.6萬公(gong)斤(jin)。1983年至1984年,縣內(nei)開始用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)或扦插(cha)繁(fan)殖進行試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培。”
2.2、獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差,為(wei)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保證(zheng)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)位(wei)于北溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候,北部由千山山脈(mo)(mo)(長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)山山脈(mo)(mo)余脈(mo)(mo))向(xiang)西(xi)南和(he)(he)(he)(he)東南方向(xiang)延伸,形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)環(huan)抱岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)北、西(xi)、東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然屏障(zhang),高(gao)山阻礙了(le)冬季(ji)寒(han)冷氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到來(lai),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)無霜期達(da)(da)(da)156天(tian)(tian)(tian),延長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)了(le)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)周期。最冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-9.9℃,極端(duan)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-15.5℃,氣(qi)(qi)候相對于同(tong)緯度地(di)(di)區(qu)暖和(he)(he)(he)(he),降低了(le)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)在種(zhong)植過程中(zhong)受(shou)凍(dong)害和(he)(he)(he)(he)倒春寒(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang);年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃,最熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七、八月(yue)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)達(da)(da)(da)28.1℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2500~3000℃,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時數(shu)為(wei)2302.7小(xiao)時,氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)光照充(chong)足,全(quan)(quan)年(nian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)季(ji)均(jun)(jun)在適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度條件下(xia)進(jin)行(xing),受(shou)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)危(wei)害影響(xiang)小(xiao),軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)枝繁(fan)葉茂,有利于進(jin)行(xing)光合作(zuo)(zuo)用,增加岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)積(ji)累。秋(qiu)季(ji)最大晝夜(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差達(da)(da)(da)19℃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)晝夜(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差13℃,岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)光合作(zuo)(zuo)用,消耗二氧化碳和(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui),合成(cheng)(cheng)葡(pu)萄糖,夜(ye)(ye)晚低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)有利于葡(pu)萄糖轉化成(cheng)(cheng)多糖和(he)(he)(he)(he)其他營養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),且低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)抑制岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼吸作(zuo)(zuo)用,減少了(le)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)消耗,貯(zhu)藏更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。 3.2.3、獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資源、有機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang),豐富了(le)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)營養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)縣(xian)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)資源豐富,500余條溪流(liu)(liu)迂回在縱橫交錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝谷間(jian),匯成(cheng)(cheng)13條支(zhi)流(liu)(liu),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)882公(gong)里(li),水(shui)(shui)域面積(ji)幾乎(hu)全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian),水(shui)(shui)資源總量(liang)近20億(yi)立方米,為(wei)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)基礎。岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)是國家二級水(shui)(shui)源保護(hu)地(di)(di)。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清澈(che)見底,水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)有大量(liang)微量(liang)元素(su),補充(chong)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)(yang)元素(su)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)775.8mm~933.8mm,冬、春降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)占全(quan)(quan)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.7%,豐沛(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降雨(yu)(yu)保障(zhang)了(le)早春軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)理活(huo)動所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen);夏季(ji)雨(yu)(yu)熱同(tong)期,降雨(yu)(yu)豐富,占全(quan)(quan)年(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)二,滿(man)(man)足軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)季(ji)對水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求,促(cu)進(jin)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang);秋(qiu)季(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽、少雨(yu)(yu),有利于岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化和(he)(he)(he)(he)營養(yang)(yang)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累。岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)土(tu)壤(rang)以棕壤(rang)土(tu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)草(cao)甸土(tu)為(wei)主,土(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)21.9g/kg,全(quan)(quan)氮含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)1.32mg/kg,有效(xiao)磷含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)31.7mg/kg,有效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)133mg/kg,屬(shu)于高(gao)等供(gong)(gong)鉀水(shui)(shui)平(ping),軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)屬(shu)于喜(xi)鉀植物(wu),土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉀離子供(gong)(gong)給,可以明(ming)顯(xian)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)植株的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗寒(han)、抗旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,增強植株的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆性(xing);有利于提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)體(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)代謝、葉綠素(su)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)葉肉細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透性(xing),促(cu)進(jin)葉片光合作(zuo)(zuo)用,提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)果(guo)實(shi)營養(yang)(yang)積(ji)累,顯(xian)著提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)可溶性(xing)固形物(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)VC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang),檢測結果(guo)表(biao)明(ming):岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)VC含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)(da)166mg/kg;鉀可以促(cu)進(jin)果(guo)實(shi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淀(dian)粉向(xiang)糖轉化、促(cu)進(jin)蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing),提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)果(guo)實(shi)含(han)(han)(han)糖量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)。
岫(xiu)巖(yan)滿族自治縣隸屬于遼(liao)寧省鞍山(shan)市(shi)(shi),遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)半島北(bei)部,北(bei)緯(wei)40°0′~40°39′,東(dong)(dong)經122°52′~123°41′。東(dong)(dong)及東(dong)(dong)南(nan)與鳳城市(shi)(shi)、東(dong)(dong)港市(shi)(shi)毗連,西(xi)與大(da)石橋市(shi)(shi)、蓋州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)為鄰,南(nan)與莊河市(shi)(shi)相(xiang)接,北(bei)及西(xi)北(bei)與遼(liao)陽(yang)縣、海城市(shi)(shi)接壤。轄新甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清(qing)涼山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、藥山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石廟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蘇子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)溝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、偏嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝(chao)陽(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍潭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、前營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、哈(ha)達碑鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石灰窯(yao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃(huang)花甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牧牛鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)房身鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三家子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楊家堡(bao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洋河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)、哨(shao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紅旗營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)寧街道辦事(shi)(shi)處、仙人咀辦事(shi)(shi)處、雅河工業經濟區、興(xing)隆(long)經濟區、阜昌經濟區26個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、辦事(shi)(shi)處、經濟區,197個(ge)行政村(cun),總面積為53.45萬畝(mu)。東(dong)(dong)至大(da)營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)陶家隈(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)村(cun),西(xi)至石灰窯(yao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)坎(kan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)村(cun),北(bei)至石廟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)石棉村(cun),南(nan)至洋河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)馬家堡(bao)村(cun)。岫(xiu)巖(yan)軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴桃生產面積5000余畝(mu),產量40萬公(gong)斤(jin)。
4.1外觀(guan)感官(guan)特征:岫巖軟(ruan)棗獼猴桃形狀不一(yi),有圓的(de)(de)、橢圓的(de)(de)、長圓柱的(de)(de)、扁圓形的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)整(zheng)齊,外觀(guan)招(zhao)人喜(xi)愛;平均(jun)果(guo)(guo)重17.85g,最大單果(guo)(guo)重43g。果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)顏色通體碧綠,有的(de)(de)綠中帶有紅暈(yun);果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)極為(wei)光滑、無(wu)毛(mao)、無(wu)棱(leng)角;果(guo)(guo)肉細膩、翠綠色、皮(pi)薄汁多、酸甜適口,風味(wei)濃(nong)郁 。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)進入成(cheng)熟期(qi)9—10月份。
4.2內在品質(zhi):軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃被稱(cheng)為水(shui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)中的(de)“VC之王(wang)”。岫巖軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃果(guo)(guo)(guo)實營(ying)養豐富、品質(zhi)優(you)良、風味獨特、清新爽(shuang)口。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)含(han)有多種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸、維(wei)生素(su)、脂肪、膳(shan)食(shi)纖維(wei)、蛋白、鉀、鐵、鎂、鈣多種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)元素(su)。其中維(wei)生素(su)C含(han)量(liang)150—200mg/100g,,膳(shan)食(shi)纖維(wei)含(han)量(liang)3.5-4.5g/100g,總酸含(han)量(liang)12—15g/Kg,可溶性固(gu)形物(wu)9.5%-15%,鐵含(han)量(liang)4-4.5mg/Kg,16種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸總量(liang)1.1-1.85g/100g。
4.3產品(pin)質量安全(quan)符合國(guo)家相(xiang)關法律法規和國(guo)家農(nong)產品(pin)質量安全(quan)規定。
3.1土壤管(guan)理
3.1.1園地選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)。園地應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)土層深厚,腐殖(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)、有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)高(gao),地下水位(wei)高(gao)于2m,疏松易滲水且透氣(qi)性好的微酸性或(huo)(huo)中性的土壤(rang);氣(qi)候溫和、光照充(chong)足、雨量(liang)充(chong)沛、生(sheng)長季(ji)降(jiang)水均勻、灌溉水充(chong)足,無旱(han)、晚(wan)霜害或(huo)(huo)凍(dong)害的地區;地勢平坦,最宜(yi)為(wei)小(xiao)于25°的坡(po)地,種植(zhi)應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)背(bei)陽(yang)坡(po)向的北坡(po)、東北坡(po)、西北坡(po)。
3.1.2土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)保持。軟棗獼猴桃在種(zhong)植(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)產過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)需要(yao)消(xiao)耗(hao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)等(deng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)自我補(bu)充能力(li)差,需要(yao)人為對(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)和(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)補(bu)充。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應以(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),結(jie)(jie)合生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),減少化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)次(ci)(ci)數,防(fang)(fang)止土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)板(ban)結(jie)(jie)和(he)鹽漬(zi)化(hua),保持土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)可持續性(xing)(xing)。苗(miao)木定植(zhi)前在定植(zhi)坑底部施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)菌(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)可對(dui)全園(yuan)撒施(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一次(ci)(ci),在用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)旋耕,每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)1.5t。以(yi)(yi)后每(mei)年(nian)在秋季(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一次(ci)(ci),時間(jian)在采收(shou)后至落葉前,宜(yi)早不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)晚,采用(yong)(yong)環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)者條(tiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)方式進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是在根(gen)系外圍挖3個長(chang)0.5m,寬(kuan)0.2m,深0.4m的(de)(de)環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)溝(gou),位置一般在樹冠(guan)投(tou)(tou)影(ying)的(de)(de)下方,以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)傷(shang)根(gen)須為原(yuan)則(ze),以(yi)(yi)后施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝(gou)逐(zhu)漸向外移(yi)動(dong);條(tiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在樹冠(guan)投(tou)(tou)影(ying)下一側挖寬(kuan)0.4m,深0.4m的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝(gou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)傷(shang)根(gen)系為原(yuan)則(ze),第二(er)年(nian)選(xuan)擇另(ling)外一側進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)挖坑,當根(gen)系布滿全園(yuan)時,將(jiang)(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)撒施(shi)(shi)在地(di)面,用(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械旋耕一次(ci)(ci),深度15cm—20cm,以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)傷(shang)根(gen)系為原(yuan)則(ze),小樹每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)300kg,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入結(jie)(jie)果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)樹每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,盛果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)樹每(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)700kg。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)供(gong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)時,可結(jie)(jie)合滴灌設施(shi)(shi),將(jiang)(jiang)可溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)隨水進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)沖施(shi)(shi)。園(yuan)區實行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)制度。在行(xing)(xing)間(jian)種(zhong)植(zhi)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作物(wu),如草(cao)木樨(兩(liang)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本(ben))、檉麻(一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本(ben))、田菁(jing)(一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本(ben))等(deng),春季(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)行(xing)(xing)間(jian)旋耕一遍即可播種(zhong),夏季(ji)盛花期(qi)(qi)(qi)至謝花期(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)刈割一次(ci)(ci),一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)秋季(ji)用(yong)(yong)旋耕機(ji)(ji)(ji)翻壓在土(tu)(tu)(tu)里,多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)秋季(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)刈割一次(ci)(ci)。綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)過程能使(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)難溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)養分進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)轉化(hua),以(yi)(yi)利于作物(wu)的(de)(de)吸收(shou)利用(yong)(yong),綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)幼(you)嫩莖葉,含(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)養分,一旦(dan)在土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)腐解,能大量(liang)(liang)地(di)增(zeng)加土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)和(he)氮、磷(lin)、鉀、鈣、鎂和(he)各種(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素,增(zeng)強土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)和(he)腐殖(zhi)質(zhi)的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang),促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各種(zhong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)活動(dong)。種(zhong)植(zhi)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可以(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)風、固土(tu)(tu)(tu)、保持土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水分含(han)量(liang)(liang)、抑制雜草(cao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。
3.2苗木種(zhong)植(zhi) 3.2.1架(jia)(jia)勢選擇。軟棗獼猴桃(tao)為(wei)(wei)藤蔓植(zhi)物(wu),一般(ban)選擇棚架(jia)(jia)和T型(xing)(xing)架(jia)(jia),架(jia)(jia)面高(gao)度(du)一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)2m,橫向(xiang)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)為(wei)(wei)5m,縱向(xiang)寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)根據行(xing)間(jian)距決定。軟棗獼猴桃(tao)采用(yong)高(gao)畦的栽(zai)培方(fang)式,棚架(jia)(jia)畦面寬(kuan)(kuan)2.5m,高(gao)0.1m,畦間(jian)距2.5m,種(zhong)植(zhi)株(zhu)行(xing)距為(wei)(wei)2m×5m,畝(mu)栽(zai)苗木66株(zhu),T型(xing)(xing)架(jia)(jia)畦面寬(kuan)(kuan)2m,高(gao)0.1m,畦間(jian)距2m,種(zhong)植(zhi)株(zhu)行(xing)距為(wei)(wei)2m×4m,畝(mu)栽(zai)苗木80株(zhu)。
3.2.2品種(zhong)選擇。軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃具(ju)有采收期(qi)(qi)短、貯藏時間(jian)短的特點(dian),在(zai)早(zao)、中、晚熟(shu)品種(zhong)的搭(da)配(pei)(pei)上要合理(li),一般早(zao)熟(shu)品種(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)20%,中熟(shu)品種(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)30%,晚熟(shu)品種(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)50%。軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃為雌(ci)雄異株植(zhi)物,在(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)前合理(li)搭(da)配(pei)(pei)雌(ci)雄比例(li)(li),一般雌(ci)雄比例(li)(li)在(zai)8:1,開花期(qi)(qi)有蜜蜂進行授(shou)粉,可適當減少雄株的比例(li)(li)。
3.2.3苗木(mu)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。軟棗獼(mi)猴桃定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)可春栽(zai)(zai)也可秋栽(zai)(zai),春栽(zai)(zai)應(ying)在地(di)面化凍50cm后(hou)進(jin)行(xing),秋栽(zai)(zai)應(ying)在土(tu)(tu)壤上凍前進(jin)行(xing)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時,挖寬(kuan)1m、深(shen)60cm的定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)溝,熟(shu)土(tu)(tu)和生土(tu)(tu)分(fen)開(kai)堆放。先(xian)在溝底放入(ru)1.5t/畝有機肥,再(zai)把按1:3比例混合后(hou)的地(di)表土(tu)(tu)與草炭土(tu)(tu)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)在有機肥上面,先(xian)回(hui)(hui)填熟(shu)土(tu)(tu),后(hou)回(hui)(hui)填生土(tu)(tu),用(yong)空間熟(shu)土(tu)(tu)做高30㎝、寬(kuan)2m的畦(qi)(qi)(qi)。然后(hou)挖長、寬(kuan)、各(ge)40㎝,深(shen)20㎝的定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴。最后(hou)把幼苗(帶土(tu)(tu)坨為佳)按雌(ci)雄比例8:1植(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)坑(keng),培土(tu)(tu)壓實(shi)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)度以苗木(mu)的根頸部略(lve)低(di)于(yu)畦(qi)(qi)(qi)面1cm,回(hui)(hui)填土(tu)(tu)壤表面應(ying)略(lve)低(di)于(yu)畦(qi)(qi)(qi)面。培土(tu)(tu)后(hou)應(ying)及時澆透封(feng)窩(wo)水,待封(feng)窩(wo)水完全滲(shen)下(xia)后(hou),封(feng)土(tu)(tu)蓋(gai)(gai)草保濕,防止水分(fen)蒸發。
3.2.4整(zheng)形修剪(jian)。軟棗獼猴桃采用單主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)雙主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)整(zheng)形,定植后(hou)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)年(nian),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)直立(li)向上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)健壯新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)作為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan),其(qi)它新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)全(quan)部去(qu)除(chu),主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)高1.8m,當(dang)新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至架面(mian)時(shi),在架面(mian)下10cm~15cm處將(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)短(duan)截(jie),促(cu)進側芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)萌發(fa),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)2個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)作為(wei)永久性主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man),其(qi)它側蔓(man)(man)全(quan)部抹(mo)去(qu),當(dang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)50cm時(shi),交叉將(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)引向東(dong)西或南北兩端(duan),綁(bang)縛(fu)在棚架線上(shang),主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)上(shang)每(mei)隔(ge)40~50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(蔓(man)(man))左右(you)分開,成魚(yu)刺狀分布,翌年(nian)在側蔓(man)(man)上(shang)每(mei)隔(ge)30cm左右(you),交錯(cuo)排列,均勻選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。第(di)(di)三(san)年(nian)夏(xia)季修剪(jian),植株(zhu)抹(mo)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在萌芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期進行,即(ji)五月(yue)上(shang)中旬(xun),抹(mo)除(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上(shang)萌發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)萌蘗,主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)每(mei)隔(ge)40—50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),側蔓(man)(man)每(mei)隔(ge)30cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)強壯的(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),細(xi)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)處可留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)頁強壯的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)全(quan)部抹(mo)去(qu),當(dang)新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至20cm以上(shang)能夠(gou)辨識(shi)出(chu)花(hua)序(xu)時(shi),對(dui)過密的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)育(yu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、細(xi)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)。直立(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3個(ge)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)重(zhong)剪(jian),沒有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之處直接疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)。開花(hua)前(qian)后(hou)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4片葉(xie)進行摘心(xin)(xin),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)較弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)不摘心(xin)(xin),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至50cm—60cm時(shi),進行摘心(xin)(xin),對(dui)于摘心(xin)(xin)處萌發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)其(qi)余全(quan)部抹(mo)除(chu),副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3片葉(xie)反(fan)復(fu)摘心(xin)(xin)。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期對(dui)坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過多(duo)、過密、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)小、品質(zhi)差的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、過密果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。植株(zhu)落葉(xie)后(hou)至出(chu)現傷流(liu)前(qian)兩周(zhou)(即(ji)11月(yue)中旬(xun)到(dao)立(li)春前(qian))進行冬(dong)季修剪(jian),成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)顏(yan)色為(wei)褐色,主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)粗度以0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)宜(yi),留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1.7—1.8m剪(jian)截(jie);主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)粗度以0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)宜(yi),每(mei)側留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m;側蔓(man)(man)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)成熟(shu),每(mei)年(nian)剪(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m—1.2m;結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗度達到(dao)0.6cm以上(shang),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)完全(quan)成熟(shu)剪(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)50cm左右(you),每(mei)平方米(mi)保(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中、長(chang)(chang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4—5個(ge),短(duan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)不過密,應盡量保(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),強勢的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)多(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),細(xi)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要重(zhong)剪(jian)少留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya);對(dui)于有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)、粗壯的(de)(de)(de)、芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)眼飽滿的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)3—4個(ge)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)眼前(qian)剪(jian)去(qu),無空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)在坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)處剪(jian)去(qu);對(dui)于主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)基部的(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從基部疏(shu)(shu)除(chu),其(qi)余有空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)擴展的(de)(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4個(ge)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)重(zhong)剪(jian),無空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)。
3.2.5枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)更新(xin)(xin)。軟棗獼猴桃結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)(bu)位容(rong)易上升或(huo)外移,需要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)更新(xin)(xin)。如果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)有生長(chang)充實健(jian)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)發(fa)育枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)將(jiang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回縮(suo)到健(jian)壯(zhuang)部(bu)(bu)位。若結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生長(chang)過弱或(huo)其(qi)上分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過高,冬(dong)季修剪時(shi)(shi),應將(jiang)其(qi)從基(ji)部(bu)(bu)潛伏芽剪掉(diao),促(cu)使(shi)潛伏芽萌發(fa),選擇一(yi)個(ge)健(jian)壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)梢作為明年(nian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通(tong)常(chang)每年(nian)全樹1/3左右的(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行更新(xin)(xin)。對(dui)已結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條一(yi)般2~3年(nian)更新(xin)(xin)一(yi)次(ci);多年(nian)生枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)分局部(bu)(bu)更新(xin)(xin)和(he)全株更新(xin)(xin)。局部(bu)(bu)更新(xin)(xin)就是(shi)把部(bu)(bu)分衰老(lao)和(he)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)能力(li)下降的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)剪掉(diao),促(cu)使(shi)發(fa)出的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man),這種更新(xin)(xin)對(dui)產(chan)量影(ying)響不大。全株更新(xin)(xin)就是(shi)當全株失去(qu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)能力(li)時(shi)(shi),將(jiang)老(lao)蔓(man)一(yi)次(ci)性從基(ji)部(bu)(bu)剪掉(diao),利用(yong)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)出的(de)(de)明蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新(xin)(xin)整形。疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較大的(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)注意剪鋸口一(yi)定要(yao)盡量較短,不留枯(ku)死橛,促(cu)進較大傷(shang)(shang)口盡快愈合(he),否(fou)則傷(shang)(shang)口愈合(he)不良會引起樹干腐爛。
3.3水(shui)(shui)分(fen)管理。植株生長(chang)階段當土(tu)壤含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)地低于(yu)50%時(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)進行灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)。萌芽前(qian)應(ying)(ying)澆透水(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci),滿足生長(chang)的需(xu)(xu)要,開花期(qi)控制(zhi)澆水(shui)(shui)的次(ci)數和用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang),開花后應(ying)(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui),果實(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大期(qi)植株需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)較多,持續晴天環(huan)境下(xia),應(ying)(ying)每周澆灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)次(ci),果實(shi)(shi)成熟前(qian)15天停止澆水(shui)(shui),軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃休(xiu)眠期(qi)間,在土(tu)壤上凍前(qian)(岫(xiu)巖(yan)地區11月中旬)澆一(yi)(yi)邊透水(shui)(shui)。雨季土(tu)壤含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)大于(yu)80%時(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)進行排水(shui)(shui)。
3.4肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料管理。軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)(mi)猴桃(tao)在(zai)不(bu)同生長(chang)發育階段對肥(fei)(fei)(fei)的需求不(bu)同,一年中施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)包括萌芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、花后肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、果實(shi)膨(peng)(peng)大肥(fei)(fei)(fei)及基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,落(luo)葉后至土壤上凍前使用(yong),宜早不(bu)宜晚,萌芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以速效性氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)少量,氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀比(bi)例為(wei)2:1:1,岫(xiu)巖地(di)區施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間在(zai)4月中下旬;花后肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,少施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),促(cu)進軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)(mi)猴桃(tao)的生殖生長(chang),氮(dan)磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀比(bi)例為(wei)1:2:2,岫(xiu)巖地(di)區施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間在(zai)6月中下旬;果實(shi)膨(peng)(peng)大肥(fei)(fei)(fei)以鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,提升果實(shi)品質,磷(lin)(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)的比(bi)例為(wei)1:2。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方式可(ke)隨水(shui)進行施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),也可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)葉面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。
3.5病蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護。病蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護的原則(ze)是預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為主,治療為輔,物理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治、化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治、生物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治、機(ji)械防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治綜合利用(yong)。就目前岫巖地(di)區種(zhong)植軟棗(zao)獼猴(hou)(hou)桃(tao)發現(xian)(xian),種(zhong)植過程中(zhong)僅(jin)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)害2種(zhong)(紅(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu)、美國(guo)白蛾)病害1種(zhong)(莖基(ji)腐病)以及自(zi)然凍害。紅(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu)一般發生在(zai)(zai)(zai)軟棗(zao)獼猴(hou)(hou)桃(tao)剛發芽期間(jian),岫巖地(di)區出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)4月下(xia)(xia)旬(xun),防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治方(fang)法在(zai)(zai)(zai)越冬卵(luan)孵化前刮樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)皮并集(ji)中(zhong)燒(shao)毀(hui),刮皮后(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干涂白(石灰水(shui)(shui))殺(sha)死(si)大(da)部(bu)分(fen)越冬卵(luan),早春(chun)進行翻地(di),清除(chu)地(di)面雜(za)草(cao),保(bao)持(chi)越冬卵(luan)孵化期間(jian)田間(jian)沒有雜(za)草(cao),在(zai)(zai)(zai)紅(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu)上樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前,用(yong)無(wu)毒不干粘蟲(chong)(chong)膠在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干中(zhong)涂一閉合粘膠環(huan)(huan),環(huan)(huan)寬約(yue)1厘米,2個月左右再(zai)涂一次(ci),可有效防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治紅(hong)蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)(zhu);春(chun)季季候(hou)變(bian)化較大(da),突然的大(da)幅度降溫容易引起(qi)軟棗(zao)獼猴(hou)(hou)桃(tao)的凍害,預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)法為收聽(ting)天氣預(yu)報(bao),做(zuo)好預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)工作,出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)大(da)幅度降溫可通過園區澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)或者生煙的方(fang)式預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang);美國(guo)白蛾岫巖地(di)區出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)7月上旬(xun),發現(xian)(xian)美國(guo)白蛾少量(liang)可進行人工捕捉,成蟲(chong)(chong)具有趨光性,懸掛殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)燈誘(you)殺(sha)成蟲(chong)(chong);根據老熟(shu)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)化蛹(yong)的特性,于老熟(shu)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前,在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干1.5m高處(chu),用(yong)谷草(cao)、稻草(cao)等圍(wei)成上緊(jin)下(xia)(xia)松的草(cao)把(ba),誘(you)集(ji)老熟(shu)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)集(ji)中(zhong)化蛹(yong),發生危(wei)害大(da)時,每隔一周(zhou)換一次(ci)草(cao)把(ba),解下(xia)(xia)的草(cao)把(ba)集(ji)中(zhong)燒(shao)毀(hui)。
5.1協議:符合要求的標志使用(yong)人與證書持有人簽訂使用(yong)協議。明(ming)確標志使用(yong)范圍、使用(yong)對象(xiang)、使用(yong)方(fang)法等(deng),協議生效后(hou),按照(zhao)地理(li)標志管理(li)有關規定(ding)操(cao)作(zuo)。
5.2包(bao)裝(zhuang):銷售的(de)岫巖(yan)軟棗獼猴桃按照《中華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全法(fa)》和(he)《農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)管理辦法(fa)》的(de)相關規定進行包(bao)裝(zhuang)。
5.3標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong):岫巖(yan)軟棗獼猴桃地(di)域范圍(wei)內的(de)生(sheng)產經營者,如需(xu)在產品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用(yong)農產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向登(deng)記證書持有人提出申請,并按(an)照相關(guan)規(gui)范生(sheng)產和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong),統(tong)一采(cai)用(yong)產品(pin)名(ming)稱和農產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注方法。