野生(sheng)軟棗獼猴桃生(sheng)于(yu)陰(yin)坡(po)的(de)(de)針、闊(kuo)混交(jiao)林中土壤肥沃內,有的(de)(de)生(sheng)于(yu)陽(yang)坡(po)水分充足的(de)(de)地方。喜涼爽(shuang)、濕潤的(de)(de)氣候,或山溝溪流(liu)旁(pang),多攀援在闊(kuo)葉樹上(shang),枝(zhi)蔓多集(ji)中分布(bu)于(yu)樹冠上(shang)部,岫巖滿族(zu)自治縣各(ge)山區現存的(de)(de)大量(liang)野生(sheng)軟棗獼猴桃都(dou)分布(bu)這(zhe)種獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)自然環境(jing)之中。
2.1、獨特(te)的自(zi)(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態條件(jian),是岫(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)(tao)繁衍(yan)的最佳環境(jing)岫(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿族(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于長(chang)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)余脈(mo),境(jing)內峰(feng)巒(luan)起伏,擁有(you)“八(ba)山(shan)(shan)半水一分(fen)田,半分(fen)道(dao)路(lu)和(he)村莊”的自(zi)(zi)(zi)然地(di)貌(mao)。低(di)山(shan)(shan)面(mian)積(ji)占全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的78%以上。岫(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)地(di)區在種(zhong)植(zhi)軟(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)(tao)選擇(ze)在坡度小于25°的北(bei)坡、西北(bei)坡,根據其生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)習性,采(cai)用棚架(jia)或T字(zi)型架(jia)式(shi)栽(zai)培種(zhong)植(zhi),使其枝蔓延架(jia)勢充(chong)分(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),模擬其野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環境(jing),在種(zhong)植(zhi)過程(cheng)中岫(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)(tao)沒有(you)表(biao)現不適性,原(yuan)有(you)的優(you)良品種(zhong)得到(dao)延續。岫(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿族(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)林(lin)(lin)(lin)木蓄(xu)積(ji)量近500萬立方米(mi),森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達71.3%。森林(lin)(lin)(lin)多為天(tian)然次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)人工(gong)林(lin)(lin)(lin),樹(shu)種(zhong)有(you)35科80屬170多種(zhong),珍貴樹(shu)種(zhong)有(you)紫椴、核桃(tao)(tao)(tao)楸(qiu)、山(shan)(shan)槐、水曲柳、刺(ci)楸(qiu)、黃菠(bo)蘿等6種(zhong),林(lin)(lin)(lin)間分(fen)布山(shan)(shan)貨野(ye)(ye)果80多種(zhong),野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物60余種(zhong),野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)藥材(cai)為人們認識和(he)采(cai)集的有(you)76種(zhong),山(shan)(shan)楂、核桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)葡萄、獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)花椒等野(ye)(ye)果樹(shu)遍及(ji)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)山(shan)(shan)嶺。種(zhong)植(zhi)環境(jing)優(you)良,野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)資源豐(feng)富,據1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)岫(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志記載道(dao):“獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)在縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內各地(di)山(shan)(shan)區均有(you)分(fen)布,皆為野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大約有(you)13.6萬株,年(nian)(nian)(nian)產獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)(tao)22.6萬公(gong)斤。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)至1984年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內開始用種(zhong)植(zhi)或扦插繁殖進行試種(zhong)栽(zai)培。”
2.2、獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)、溫(wen)差(cha)(cha),為(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)提(ti)供了(le)(le)品質(zhi)(zhi)保證岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣位于(yu)北(bei)溫(wen)帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),北(bei)部由千山山脈(長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)山山脈余脈)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)和(he)(he)(he)東南(nan)方向(xiang)延伸,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)環抱(bao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣北(bei)、西(xi)(xi)、東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然(ran)屏障(zhang),高(gao)(gao)山阻礙(ai)了(le)(le)冬季(ji)寒(han)冷氣(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到來,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)霜期(qi)達156天(tian),延長(chang)(chang)(chang)了(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)周期(qi)。最(zui)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一月份平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)-9.9℃,極端低(di)溫(wen)-15.5℃,氣(qi)候(hou)相對于(yu)同緯度地(di)區(qu)暖和(he)(he)(he),降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)在種植(zhi)過程中受(shou)凍害和(he)(he)(he)倒春(chun)寒(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)8.0℃,最(zui)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七、八月氣(qi)溫(wen)達28.1℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)2500~3000℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數(shu)為(wei)(wei)2302.7小時,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)(he)(he)光照(zhao)充足,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)季(ji)均(jun)(jun)在適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度條(tiao)件下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)(xing),受(shou)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)危害影(ying)響小,軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)枝繁(fan)葉茂,有(you)利(li)于(yu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)光合作用,增加岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)積(ji)累。秋季(ji)最(zui)大晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)達19℃,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)13℃,岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)白(bai)(bai)天(tian)光合作用,消耗二氧(yang)化碳和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui),合成(cheng)(cheng)葡萄糖(tang),夜晚低(di)溫(wen)有(you)利(li)于(yu)葡萄糖(tang)轉化成(cheng)(cheng)多糖(tang)和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen),且低(di)溫(wen)抑制岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼(hu)吸作用,減少(shao)了(le)(le)體內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)消耗,貯藏更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。 3.2.3、獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源、有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang),豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu)了(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣縣內(nei)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu),500余條(tiao)溪流迂回在縱橫交錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝谷間(jian),匯(hui)成(cheng)(cheng)13條(tiao)支流,全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)882公(gong)里,水(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)幾乎全(quan)覆(fu)蓋岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣,水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總量(liang)(liang)(liang)近20億立方米,為(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)提(ti)供基礎。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣是國家二級水(shui)(shui)源保護地(di)。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)澈見底,水(shui)(shui)中含(han)有(you)大量(liang)(liang)(liang)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素,補(bu)充岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)元素。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)775.8mm~933.8mm,冬、春(chun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.7%,豐(feng)(feng)沛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)雨保障(zhang)了(le)(le)早春(chun)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)生(sheng)理活(huo)(huo)動(dong)所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen);夏季(ji)雨熱同期(qi),降(jiang)雨豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)(fu),占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之二,滿(man)(man)足軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)季(ji)對水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求,促(cu)(cu)進(jin)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang);秋季(ji)天(tian)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)爽、少(shao)雨,有(you)利(li)于(yu)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)糖(tang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化和(he)(he)(he)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)縣土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)以棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達21.9g/kg,全(quan)氮含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1.32mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)磷(lin)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)31.7mg/kg,有(you)效(xiao)鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)133mg/kg,屬于(yu)高(gao)(gao)等供鉀水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping),軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)屬于(yu)喜鉀植(zhi)物,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中大量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉀離子供給,可以明顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)植(zhi)株的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗寒(han)、抗旱(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,增強植(zhi)株的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆(ni)性(xing);有(you)利(li)于(yu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)體內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)代謝、葉綠素含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)葉肉細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透性(xing),促(cu)(cu)進(jin)葉片(pian)光合作用,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)果(guo)實(shi)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)積(ji)累,顯(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)可溶性(xing)固(gu)形(xing)物和(he)(he)(he)VC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang),檢測結(jie)果(guo)表明:岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)VC含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達166mg/kg;鉀可以促(cu)(cu)進(jin)果(guo)實(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淀粉向(xiang)糖(tang)轉化、促(cu)(cu)進(jin)蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)果(guo)實(shi)含(han)糖(tang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。
岫(xiu)巖滿族自治縣(xian)隸(li)屬(shu)于遼(liao)寧省鞍(an)山(shan)市(shi)(shi),遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)半島(dao)北(bei)部,北(bei)緯40°0′~40°39′,東(dong)(dong)(dong)經(jing)122°52′~123°41′。東(dong)(dong)(dong)及東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)與(yu)鳳城市(shi)(shi)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)港(gang)市(shi)(shi)毗連,西(xi)與(yu)大(da)石(shi)橋市(shi)(shi)、蓋州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)為鄰,南(nan)(nan)與(yu)莊河(he)市(shi)(shi)相接(jie),北(bei)及西(xi)北(bei)與(yu)遼(liao)陽(yang)縣(xian)、海城市(shi)(shi)接(jie)壤。轄新(xin)甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清涼山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、藥山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)廟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蘇子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)溝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、偏嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝陽(yang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)營子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍潭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、前營子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、哈達碑鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)灰窯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃(huang)花甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牧(mu)牛鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)房身鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三家(jia)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楊家(jia)堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洋河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)、哨子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紅旗營子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)寧街道辦事處、仙人咀辦事處、雅河(he)工業經(jing)濟(ji)區、興(xing)隆(long)經(jing)濟(ji)區、阜昌經(jing)濟(ji)區26個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、辦事處、經(jing)濟(ji)區,197個行(xing)政村,總面積為53.45萬畝(mu)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)至大(da)營子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)陶家(jia)隈子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)村,西(xi)至石(shi)灰窯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)坎子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)村,北(bei)至石(shi)廟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)石(shi)棉村,南(nan)(nan)至洋河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)馬(ma)家(jia)堡村。岫(xiu)巖軟棗獼猴桃(tao)生產面積5000余畝(mu),產量40萬公(gong)斤。
4.1外觀感官(guan)特征(zheng):岫巖軟棗獼(mi)猴桃形狀(zhuang)不一,有(you)圓的(de)、橢圓的(de)、長圓柱的(de)、扁(bian)圓形的(de)果(guo)(guo)實(shi),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)整齊,外觀招(zhao)人喜(xi)愛;平(ping)均果(guo)(guo)重17.85g,最(zui)大單果(guo)(guo)重43g。果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)顏色通體碧綠(lv),有(you)的(de)綠(lv)中(zhong)帶有(you)紅暈;果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)極為光滑、無毛、無棱角;果(guo)(guo)肉細膩、翠綠(lv)色、皮(pi)薄汁多、酸甜適口,風味濃(nong)郁 。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)進入成熟期9—10月份。
4.2內在品(pin)質(zhi):軟棗獼猴桃被(bei)稱為水果中的“VC之王”。岫(xiu)巖軟棗獼猴桃果實(shi)營養豐富、品(pin)質(zhi)優良(liang)、風味獨特、清新爽口(kou)。果肉含有(you)多(duo)種氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)、維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素、脂(zhi)肪、膳食纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)、蛋白(bai)、鉀、鐵、鎂、鈣多(duo)種微量(liang)(liang)元素。其中維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素C含量(liang)(liang)150—200mg/100g,,膳食纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)含量(liang)(liang)3.5-4.5g/100g,總(zong)酸(suan)含量(liang)(liang)12—15g/Kg,可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物9.5%-15%,鐵含量(liang)(liang)4-4.5mg/Kg,16種氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)1.1-1.85g/100g。
4.3產品質量安全符合(he)國家相關法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)和(he)國家農產品質量安全規(gui)定(ding)。
3.1土壤(rang)管理(li)
3.1.1園地(di)選擇(ze)。園地(di)應選擇(ze)土(tu)層(ceng)深厚,腐殖質、有機質含量高,地(di)下水位高于(yu)2m,疏松易滲水且透氣性好的微酸性或中性的土(tu)壤(rang);氣候溫和、光照充足(zu)、雨(yu)量充沛、生長季降水均勻、灌溉水充足(zu),無旱(han)、晚霜害或凍害的地(di)區;地(di)勢平坦(tan),最宜為小(xiao)于(yu)25°的坡(po)(po)地(di),種植(zhi)應選擇(ze)背陽坡(po)(po)向的北坡(po)(po)、東北坡(po)(po)、西北坡(po)(po)。
3.1.2土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)保持。軟棗獼猴桃在(zai)(zai)(zai)種植(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)中需(xu)要消耗土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力、有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)等,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)自我補(bu)充(chong)(chong)能力差,需(xu)要人為(wei)(wei)對土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力和(he)有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)補(bu)充(chong)(chong)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應以(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,結(jie)合生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),減少化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)使(shi)用量(liang)和(he)次(ci)(ci)(ci)數,防止土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)板(ban)結(jie)和(he)鹽漬(zi)化,保持土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)持續性。苗木(mu)定植(zhi)前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)定植(zhi)坑底部施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)菌(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),有(you)(you)條(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)對全園撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)用機(ji)械(xie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)旋(xuan)耕,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用1.5t。以(yi)(yi)后每(mei)(mei)年(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),時間(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)采收后至落(luo)葉前(qian),宜(yi)早(zao)不宜(yi)晚,采用環(huan)狀(zhuang)或者(zhe)條(tiao)(tiao)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)方式進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。環(huan)狀(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)外圍挖(wa)3個長0.5m,寬0.2m,深(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)環(huan)狀(zhuang)溝(gou),位(wei)置一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠投影(ying)的(de)(de)下方,以(yi)(yi)不傷(shang)根(gen)(gen)須為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)則,以(yi)(yi)后施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝(gou)逐漸向外移(yi)動;條(tiao)(tiao)狀(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)冠投影(ying)下一(yi)側(ce)挖(wa)寬0.4m,深(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝(gou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)不傷(shang)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)則,第(di)二年(nian)選擇另外一(yi)側(ce)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)挖(wa)坑,當根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)布(bu)滿全園時,將(jiang)(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)面,用機(ji)械(xie)旋(xuan)耕一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),深(shen)度15cm—20cm,以(yi)(yi)不傷(shang)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)則,小樹(shu)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)300kg,進(jin)(jin)(jin)入結(jie)果(guo)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)樹(shu)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,盛果(guo)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)樹(shu)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)700kg。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)供肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不足(zu)時,可(ke)(ke)結(jie)合滴(di)灌設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),將(jiang)(jiang)可(ke)(ke)溶性有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)隨水進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)沖施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。園區實(shi)行(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)制(zhi)度。在(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)間(jian)種植(zhi)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作物(wu),如(ru)草(cao)木(mu)樨(兩年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本)、檉麻(ma)(一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本)、田菁(一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本)等,春(chun)季(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)行(xing)間(jian)旋(xuan)耕一(yi)遍即可(ke)(ke)播(bo)種,夏(xia)季(ji)盛花(hua)期(qi)(qi)至謝花(hua)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)刈割一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci),一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)秋(qiu)季(ji)用旋(xuan)耕機(ji)翻壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)里,多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)秋(qiu)季(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)刈割一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長過程(cheng)能使(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中難溶性養分(fen)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)轉化,以(yi)(yi)利于作物(wu)的(de)(de)吸收利用,綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)幼嫩莖葉,含(han)有(you)(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)養分(fen),一(yi)旦在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中腐(fu)解,能大量(liang)地(di)增加土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中的(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)和(he)氮、磷、鉀、鈣(gai)、鎂和(he)各(ge)種微量(liang)元素(su),增強(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)和(he)腐(fu)殖質(zhi)的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中各(ge)種微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)活動。種植(zhi)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)防風、固土(tu)(tu)(tu)、保持土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)水分(fen)含(han)量(liang)、抑制(zhi)雜草(cao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。
3.2苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)種植(zhi)(zhi) 3.2.1架(jia)勢選(xuan)擇。軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴桃為(wei)藤(teng)蔓植(zhi)(zhi)物,一般選(xuan)擇棚架(jia)和T型(xing)架(jia),架(jia)面高(gao)度一般為(wei)2m,橫向(xiang)寬度為(wei)5m,縱(zong)向(xiang)寬度根(gen)據行(xing)間距(ju)(ju)決定(ding)。軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼猴桃采用高(gao)畦(qi)的栽(zai)(zai)培方式,棚架(jia)畦(qi)面寬2.5m,高(gao)0.1m,畦(qi)間距(ju)(ju)2.5m,種植(zhi)(zhi)株行(xing)距(ju)(ju)為(wei)2m×5m,畝栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)66株,T型(xing)架(jia)畦(qi)面寬2m,高(gao)0.1m,畦(qi)間距(ju)(ju)2m,種植(zhi)(zhi)株行(xing)距(ju)(ju)為(wei)2m×4m,畝栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)80株。
3.2.2品種選擇。軟棗(zao)獼猴桃具(ju)有采(cai)收期短、貯(zhu)藏時(shi)間(jian)短的(de)特點,在早、中(zhong)、晚熟品種的(de)搭(da)配(pei)上要合理,一(yi)般(ban)早熟品種占20%,中(zhong)熟品種占30%,晚熟品種占50%。軟棗(zao)獼猴桃為雌雄異株(zhu)植物,在種植前合理搭(da)配(pei)雌雄比例,一(yi)般(ban)雌雄比例在8:1,開花(hua)期有蜜(mi)蜂進行授粉,可適(shi)當減少雄株(zhu)的(de)比例。
3.2.3苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。軟棗獼猴桃定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)可春栽(zai)(zai)也可秋(qiu)栽(zai)(zai),春栽(zai)(zai)應在地(di)面(mian)(mian)化(hua)凍50cm后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)行,秋(qiu)栽(zai)(zai)應在土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤上凍前進(jin)行。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時,挖寬(kuan)1m、深(shen)60cm的定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)溝,熟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和生土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分開堆放。先(xian)在溝底放入(ru)(ru)1.5t/畝有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei),再把按(an)(an)1:3比(bi)例(li)混(hun)合后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的地(di)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與草(cao)(cao)炭(tan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)覆蓋(gai)在有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)上面(mian)(mian),先(xian)回(hui)填(tian)熟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)回(hui)填(tian)生土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),用空間(jian)熟土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)做高(gao)30㎝、寬(kuan)2m的畦。然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挖長、寬(kuan)、各40㎝,深(shen)20㎝的定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴。最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)把幼苗(miao)(miao)(帶土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坨(tuo)為佳)按(an)(an)雌雄比(bi)例(li)8:1植(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)坑,培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓實。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)度以(yi)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)的根頸(jing)部(bu)略低于畦面(mian)(mian)1cm,回(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤表面(mian)(mian)應略低于畦面(mian)(mian)。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應及時澆透封窩(wo)水,待封窩(wo)水完全滲下后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),封土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)蓋(gai)草(cao)(cao)保濕,防止水分蒸(zheng)發。
3.2.4整(zheng)形修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。軟棗獼猴桃采用單(dan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)雙(shuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)整(zheng)形,定植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)第一(yi)(yi)年(nian),選擇一(yi)(yi)條直立向(xiang)上(shang)生(sheng)長(chang)健壯新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)作為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan),其它新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)全(quan)部(bu)去(qu)(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)高1.8m,當新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)至(zhi)架(jia)面時(shi),在(zai)架(jia)面下10cm~15cm處(chu)(chu)將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)短截,促進(jin)(jin)側(ce)芽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa),選擇2個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)旺盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條作為(wei)永久(jiu)性(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man),其它側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)全(quan)部(bu)抹(mo)去(qu)(qu)(qu),當生(sheng)長(chang)到50cm時(shi),交叉(cha)將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)引(yin)向(xiang)東西或南北兩(liang)端,綁(bang)縛(fu)在(zai)棚架(jia)線上(shang),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔40~50cm留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man))左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)分(fen)開(kai),成(cheng)魚刺狀分(fen)布(bu),翌年(nian)在(zai)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔30cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),交錯排列,均勻(yun)選留(liu)(liu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。第三年(nian)夏季修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),植(zhi)株(zhu)抹(mo)芽時(shi)間在(zai)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽期進(jin)(jin)行,即(ji)五月(yue)上(shang)中旬,抹(mo)除(chu)(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)上(shang)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)蘗,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔40—50cm留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條,側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔30cm留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)強(qiang)(qiang)壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽,細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條處(chu)(chu)可(ke)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)頁強(qiang)(qiang)壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條,其余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽全(quan)部(bu)抹(mo)去(qu)(qu)(qu),當新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)至(zhi)20cm以(yi)上(shang)能夠(gou)辨識出花序時(shi),對(dui)過(guo)(guo)密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和病蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)。直立生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)空(kong)間留(liu)(liu)2—3個(ge)(ge)芽重剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),沒有(you)空(kong)間之處(chu)(chu)直接(jie)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)。開(kai)花前(qian)后(hou)(hou)對(dui)生(sheng)長(chang)旺盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)留(liu)(liu)3—4片葉(xie)進(jin)(jin)行摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),生(sheng)長(chang)較(jiao)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條不摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),生(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)至(zhi)50cm—60cm時(shi),進(jin)(jin)行摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin),對(dui)于摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)處(chu)(chu)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副梢(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)其余全(quan)部(bu)抹(mo)除(chu)(chu),副梢(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)2—3片葉(xie)反(fan)復摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期對(dui)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)多、過(guo)(guo)密(mi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實小、品質差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、過(guo)(guo)密(mi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。植(zhi)株(zhu)落葉(xie)后(hou)(hou)至(zhi)出現傷流(liu)前(qian)兩(liang)周(zhou)(即(ji)11月(yue)中旬到立春前(qian))進(jin)(jin)行冬季修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條顏色(se)(se)為(wei)褐色(se)(se),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)粗(cu)度(du)以(yi)0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)宜,留(liu)(liu)1.7—1.8m剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)截;主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)粗(cu)度(du)以(yi)0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)宜,每(mei)(mei)(mei)側(ce)留(liu)(liu)0.8m;側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條成(cheng)熟,每(mei)(mei)(mei)年(nian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)0.8m—1.2m;結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)度(du)達到0.6cm以(yi)上(shang),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條完全(quan)成(cheng)熟剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)50cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),每(mei)(mei)(mei)平方(fang)米保留(liu)(liu)中、長(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4—5個(ge)(ge),短枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如不過(guo)(guo)密(mi),應盡量保留(liu)(liu),強(qiang)(qiang)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多留(liu)(liu)芽,細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要重剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)少留(liu)(liu)芽;對(dui)于有(you)空(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、粗(cu)壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、芽眼飽滿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)3—4個(ge)(ge)芽眼前(qian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu)(qu)(qu),無(wu)(wu)空(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)處(chu)(chu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu)(qu)(qu);對(dui)于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)基部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒(tu)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從基部(bu)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu),其余有(you)空(kong)間擴展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)3—4個(ge)(ge)芽重剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),無(wu)(wu)空(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)。
3.2.5枝(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)。軟棗(zao)獼猴桃結(jie)(jie)果部位容易上(shang)(shang)升或外移(yi),需(xu)要(yao)及時(shi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)。如果母枝(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)部有生(sheng)(sheng)長充(chong)實健壯的(de)結(jie)(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)或發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)育枝(zhi)(zhi),可將(jiang)(jiang)結(jie)(jie)果母枝(zhi)(zhi)回縮到健壯部位。若結(jie)(jie)果母枝(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)長過弱(ruo)或其上(shang)(shang)分枝(zhi)(zhi)過高,冬季(ji)修剪時(shi),應將(jiang)(jiang)其從基(ji)部潛(qian)(qian)伏(fu)芽(ya)剪掉(diao),促(cu)(cu)使潛(qian)(qian)伏(fu)芽(ya)萌發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),選(xuan)擇一(yi)個健壯的(de)新(xin)(xin)梢作(zuo)為(wei)明年(nian)(nian)結(jie)(jie)果的(de)母枝(zhi)(zhi)。通常每年(nian)(nian)全樹1/3左右(you)的(de)結(jie)(jie)果母枝(zhi)(zhi)進行更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)。對已結(jie)(jie)果的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)條一(yi)般(ban)2~3年(nian)(nian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)次;多年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)分局(ju)部更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)和全株更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)。局(ju)部更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)就是把部分衰老和結(jie)(jie)果能力下降的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)剪掉(diao),促(cu)(cu)使發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出的(de)新(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man),這種(zhong)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)對產量影響不(bu)(bu)大。全株更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)就是當全株失去結(jie)(jie)果能力時(shi),將(jiang)(jiang)老蔓(man)一(yi)次性從基(ji)部剪掉(diao),利用(yong)新(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出的(de)明蘗枝(zhi)(zhi),重新(xin)(xin)整形。疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)較大的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)時(shi)要(yao)注意剪鋸口一(yi)定要(yao)盡量較短(duan),不(bu)(bu)留枯死(si)橛,促(cu)(cu)進較大傷口盡快愈合,否(fou)則傷口愈合不(bu)(bu)良會引起樹干腐爛。
3.3水(shui)(shui)分管理。植(zhi)株生長階段當土(tu)壤(rang)含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)地低于(yu)50%時(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)進(jin)行灌水(shui)(shui)。萌芽前(qian)應(ying)(ying)澆(jiao)(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)一次(ci),滿足生長的需(xu)要,開花(hua)期(qi)控制澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)的次(ci)數和用量(liang),開花(hua)后應(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)灌水(shui)(shui),果實膨大期(qi)植(zhi)株需(xu)水(shui)(shui)較多,持續(xu)晴天環境下(xia),應(ying)(ying)每周澆(jiao)(jiao)灌水(shui)(shui)一次(ci),果實成熟前(qian)15天停止澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui),軟棗獼猴桃休(xiu)眠期(qi)間,在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)上凍前(qian)(岫巖(yan)地區11月中(zhong)旬)澆(jiao)(jiao)一邊透水(shui)(shui)。雨季土(tu)壤(rang)含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)大于(yu)80%時(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)進(jin)行排水(shui)(shui)。
3.4肥(fei)(fei)料管理。軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)在不同生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發育(yu)階段對肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)需求不同,一年(nian)中施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)包括萌芽(ya)肥(fei)(fei)、花后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)、果實(shi)膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)及基肥(fei)(fei),基肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)有機肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),落葉后(hou)至土壤上(shang)凍前使用,宜早不宜晚,萌芽(ya)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)速效(xiao)性氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)少量(liang),氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)比例(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2:1:1,岫巖地區施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時間在4月中下(xia)旬;花后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),少施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei),促進(jin)軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)殖生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)比例(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:2:2,岫巖地區施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時間在6月中下(xia)旬;果實(shi)膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),提升果實(shi)品質,磷(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)比例(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:2。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方式可(ke)隨水進(jin)行(xing)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei),也可(ke)采(cai)用葉面噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)。
3.5病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護。病蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)護的(de)(de)原則是預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)為主,治(zhi)療為輔(fu),物理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、機械防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)綜合(he)利用(yong)。就(jiu)目前岫巖地區種(zhong)植(zhi)軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃發現(xian)(xian)(xian),種(zhong)植(zhi)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)僅出現(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)2種(zhong)(紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)、美(mei)國白(bai)蛾(e))病害(hai)(hai)1種(zhong)(莖基腐病)以及自然凍害(hai)(hai)。紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)一(yi)般發生(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃剛發芽期(qi)間(jian),岫巖地區出現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun),防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)方(fang)法在(zai)(zai)越冬卵(luan)孵(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)前刮(gua)樹(shu)皮并集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燒毀,刮(gua)皮后在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)干(gan)涂(tu)(tu)白(bai)(石灰水)殺死大(da)部(bu)分越冬卵(luan),早春進行(xing)翻地,清(qing)除地面雜(za)(za)草(cao),保持越冬卵(luan)孵(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)期(qi)間(jian)田間(jian)沒有(you)雜(za)(za)草(cao),在(zai)(zai)紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu)上(shang)(shang)樹(shu)前,用(yong)無毒不干(gan)粘蟲(chong)(chong)膠(jiao)在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)干(gan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)涂(tu)(tu)一(yi)閉合(he)粘膠(jiao)環(huan),環(huan)寬約(yue)1厘米,2個月(yue)左右(you)再(zai)涂(tu)(tu)一(yi)次,可有(you)效防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)紅蜘(zhi)蛛(zhu);春季(ji)季(ji)候變(bian)化(hua)(hua)較(jiao)大(da),突然的(de)(de)大(da)幅度降溫(wen)容(rong)易(yi)引(yin)起(qi)軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃的(de)(de)凍害(hai)(hai),預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)法為收聽(ting)天(tian)氣預(yu)報,做(zuo)好預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)工(gong)作,出現(xian)(xian)(xian)大(da)幅度降溫(wen)可通過(guo)園區澆水或者生(sheng)(sheng)煙的(de)(de)方(fang)式預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang);美(mei)國白(bai)蛾(e)岫巖地區出現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)7月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun),發現(xian)(xian)(xian)美(mei)國白(bai)蛾(e)少(shao)量可進行(xing)人工(gong)捕捉(zhuo),成蟲(chong)(chong)具(ju)有(you)趨光性,懸(xuan)掛殺蟲(chong)(chong)燈誘殺成蟲(chong)(chong);根據老熟(shu)(shu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)化(hua)(hua)蛹(yong)的(de)(de)特(te)性,于老熟(shu)(shu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)前,在(zai)(zai)樹(shu)干(gan)1.5m高處,用(yong)谷草(cao)、稻草(cao)等圍成上(shang)(shang)緊下(xia)(xia)松的(de)(de)草(cao)把,誘集(ji)老熟(shu)(shu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)(hua)蛹(yong),發生(sheng)(sheng)危害(hai)(hai)大(da)時,每隔一(yi)周換(huan)一(yi)次草(cao)把,解下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)草(cao)把集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燒毀。
5.1協議:符合要求的標(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)與證書持有(you)人(ren)簽訂使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議。明確標(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對象(xiang)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方法等,協議生效(xiao)后,按照地理標(biao)志管理有(you)關(guan)規(gui)定操(cao)作(zuo)。
5.2包裝:銷售的岫巖軟棗獼猴(hou)桃按照《中華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安全法(fa)》和(he)《農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志管理辦法(fa)》的相關規定進行(xing)包裝。
5.3標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong):岫(xiu)巖軟棗獼猴桃(tao)地(di)域范圍(wei)內的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe),如需在產(chan)(chan)品或包裝(zhuang)上使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向登記證書持(chi)有人提出申請,并按照相關規范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong),統一采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品名稱和農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)注方法。