一.產品介紹
杜(du)阮涼瓜(gua),又名(ming)(ming)杜(du)阮苦瓜(gua)。是江(jiang)門(men)(men)市乃至省、港、澳地(di)區無(wu)人(ren)不曉(xiao)的(de)特色知名(ming)(ming)農業品(pin)牌。其(qi)瓜(gua)型肥大,形似木瓜(gua),平頂粒粗,別于其(qi)它涼瓜(gua)的(de)標志性感官(guan)特征(zheng),本地(di)人(ren)稱之為大頂瓜(gua),將(jiang)其(qi)形容為“柿(shi)(shi)餅蒂(di),老鼠(shu)尾”。據《新會(hui)縣志》記載(zai),早在明朝(chao),當地(di)就已經(jing)(jing)開(kai)始種(zhong)植涼瓜(gua),在民(min)國時期,杜(du)阮柿(shi)(shi)餅蒂(di)(杜(du)阮涼瓜(gua))就已經(jing)(jing)比較(jiao)著名(ming)(ming)。解放(fang)前,就有(you)一(yi)首民(min)謠唱出了(le)江(jiang)門(men)(men)當時的(de)名(ming)(ming)蔬名(ming)(ming)果:“杜(du)阮苦瓜(gua)柿(shi)(shi)餅蒂(di),蓮塘菱角兩頭(tou)利,滘(jiao)頭(tou)大蔗真脆皮,江(jiang)門(men)(men)白菜匙羹髀,荷塘芥蘭幾分地(di)”。杜(du)阮涼瓜(gua)獲得了(le)“江(jiang)門(men)(men)市十佳農土特(初級類(lei))產品(pin)”、“廣東(dong)嶺南(nan)特色食品(pin)”和 “無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農產品(pin)”稱號。
二.自(zi)然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)鎮的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌的(de)結合情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)較其它地(di)(di)區特殊,杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)鎮大(da)(da)部分(fen)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、丘陵(ling)(ling),西(xi)(xi)高東低(di),三面(mian)(mian)環(huan)山(shan)(shan),中(zhong)部丘陵(ling)(ling)起(qi)伏,低(di)面(mian)(mian)平緩(huan),丘陵(ling)(ling)之間有(you)大(da)(da)小(xiao)不一(yi)的(de)沖積垌田和山(shan)(shan)坑田、梯田。杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)鎮南面(mian)(mian)有(you)叱石山(shan)(shan)、圭峰山(shan)(shan)、雞尖山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)綿亙起(qi)伏,西(xi)(xi)面(mian)(mian)有(you)龍溪(xi)眾(zhong)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)包圍,北(bei)面(mian)(mian)有(you)筆架山(shan)(shan)脈(mo),東北(bei)面(mian)(mian)有(you)石貓(mao)山(shan)(shan)、席(xi)帽山(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)頂等環(huan)抱,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)袋形(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)勢(shi)。三面(mian)(mian)的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)成(cheng)了(le)與(yu)鄰近鎮(市、區)的(de)天然分(fen)界線。境(jing)內(nei)自(zi)然地(di)(di)質土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)較為(wei)(wei)復(fu)雜,成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)母質多(duo)樣,三面(mian)(mian)山(shan)(shan)嶺大(da)(da)致以花(hua)崗巖、沙頁巖和赤紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu);中(zhong)部丘陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)多(duo)以紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)粘 土(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),耕作土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)谷(gu)底沖積或(huo)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)沙聚積而(er)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)平洼地(di)(di)和山(shan)(shan)坑田,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)PH平均值6.0—7.0,加上種植(zhi)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou)、疏松肥沃、保(bao)水(shui)保(bao)肥力強,非常適應(ying)杜(du)(du)阮(ruan)涼瓜對(dui)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)生長要求(qiu)。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:境內(nei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量約為1710mm,平水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)1700mm,豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)2300 mm,枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)1200 mm。累(lei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量保證率(lv)在(zai)(zai)1331.4 mm。累(lei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)月(yue)平均(jun)數降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量最(zui)多是8月(yue)份(fen),296.3 mm;最(zui)少月(yue)份(fen)媯12月(yue),32.0 mm。累(lei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)天(tian)(tian)達124天(tian)(tian),占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)天(tian)(tian)數34%,地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)以(yi)花崗(gang)巖的(de)(de)地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源最(zui)豐富,沙頁巖次之,紅巖最(zui)少,在(zai)(zai)深井(jing)100米以(yi)內(nei)的(de)(de)賦存(cun)上層(ceng)孔隙潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),微壓水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和下層(ceng)基巖裂隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質均(jun)十分(fen)優(you)良,配合該(gai)地區在(zai)(zai)近年(nian)(nian)(nian)興建的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程,包括(kuo)各類中型(xing)及小一(yi)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫4座,總庫容達2489萬立方米,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源主要來自(zi)山泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和自(zi)然(ran)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質皆達到(dao)無公(gong)害蔬菜種植標準(zhun),可為下游境內(nei)2000多畝杜阮涼(liang)瓜提供(gong)潔(jie)凈(jing)、可靠、優(you)質的(de)(de)灌溉保障。?
(3)氣候(hou)情況:杜阮(ruan)鎮位于北(bei)回(hui)歸線(xian)以南,地處亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai),屬南亞(ya)(ya)熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣候(hou),一年(nian)四(si)季(ji)明顯,氣候(hou)溫(wen)和,熱量(liang)充足,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛(pei),光照充足。無(wu)霜(shuang)期在360天(tian)以上(shang),全年(nian)無(wu)雪。境內(nei)全年(nian)氣溫(wen)在0℃以上(shang),2004—2010年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)21.8。C,累年(nian)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)38.3℃,最(zui)低氣溫(wen)24℃,境內(nei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總積(ji)溫(wen)7687.5℃。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)1798.2小時(shi),占可照時(shi)數41%,統計期內(nei)月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日照最(zui)高值為(wei)(wei)(wei)215.3小時(shi),最(zui)少值為(wei)(wei)(wei)73.5小時(shi),分別出現于3月(yue)、7月(yue)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣壓為(wei)(wei)(wei)1009.7百(bai)帕,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絕對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)22.6毫(hao)帕,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)81%。境內(nei)得天(tian)獨厚(hou)的氣溫(wen)、日照、溫(wen)度(du)等自然因素的完(wan)美結合,使杜阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜外形討好、風味獨特(te)、品質優良,從(cong)而(er)深受(shou)廣大消(xiao)費者的歡迎,成為(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)我(wo)市甚至全省特(te)色農產品中的佼佼者。
三.地域范圍
杜(du)(du)阮涼瓜產于(yu)江門市蓬江區(qu)杜(du)(du)阮鎮(zhen)中(zhong)和(he)(he)、龍(long)溪、亭園、雙(shuang)樓、井根、子(zi)綿、松(song)嶺、龍(long)眠、龍(long)安(an)、龍(long)榜、杜(du)(du)阮、杜(du)(du)臂、上巷、松(song)園、瑤村、北(bei)蘆(lu)、南蘆(lu)、長喬(qiao)、木(mu)朗、貫溪20個(ge)(ge)村委會(hui)和(he)(he)中(zhong)心、新河(he)、金朗3個(ge)(ge)社區(qu)居委會(hui)。杜(du)(du)阮鎮(zhen)地處(chu)江門市蓬江區(qu)西部,地理坐標為(wei)東經112 o54′55 ″~ 113o4′1″,北(bei)緯22 o33′7 ″~ 22o39′6″,杜(du)(du)阮鎮(zhen)東面(mian)(mian)(mian)的貫溪村與(yu)江門市環市街道(dao)辦(ban)接壤,西面(mian)(mian)(mian)的子(zi)綿、井根、中(zhong)和(he)(he)、龍(long)溪、亭園村與(yu)鶴山(shan)市的共和(he)(he)鎮(zhen)毗鄰,南面(mian)(mian)(mian)是新會(hui)區(qu)的圭峰山(shan)脈,北(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與(yu)棠下(xia)鎮(zhen)相連。全(quan)鎮(zhen)涼瓜生產面(mian)(mian)(mian)積8000畝,年產量(liang)9500噸。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征
杜阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua),是葫蘆科植物,為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)年生(sheng)攀(pan)緣草本。果(guo)(guo)型短(duan),蒂(di)部(bu)寬園、果(guo)(guo)尖似鑿子,,瓜(gua)(gua)形較肥壯平(ping)頂粒粗,尾(wei)尖,本地(di)人稱之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大頂瓜(gua)(gua),將其(qi)形容為(wei)(wei)(wei)“柿餅蒂(di),老鼠尾(wei)”。 色綠(lv)如翡翠,肉厚(hou)脆口、甘(gan)而不苦的(de)(de)特點爽脆無(wu)渣,苦瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)實中(zhong)還含(han)有苦瓜(gua)(gua)甙,種(zhong)子和(he)葉中(zhong)含(han)有大量(liang)的(de)(de)苦瓜(gua)(gua)素,是美(mei)容、護膚(fu)、提高自身免疫力的(de)(de)好選擇,因此杜阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)了當今社會(hui)一(yi)種(zhong)綠(lv)色生(sheng)態時尚的(de)(de)健康食(shi)品(pin)(pin)。杜阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)營養(yang)豐富,食(shi)用效果(guo)(guo)極佳,含(han)有大量(liang)人體必須(xu)的(de)(de)礦物質和(he)氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸,據(ju)營養(yang)分(fen)析資料顯示,每l00克(ke)杜阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)可食(shi)部(bu)分(fen),含(han)水分(fen)9.5-95.克(ke),總(zong)糖.60-.68克(ke),粗纖(xian)維0.-0.8克(ke),鈣-4毫克(ke),磷(lin)4-5毫克(ke),鐵(tie)0.57-0.7毫克(ke),其(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸的(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)突出,總(zong)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.75-.克(ke)。另(ling)外,肉厚(hou)色綠(lv),有著口感爽脆。杜阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)、要符合(he)《NY500無(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)蔬菜產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件》的(de)(de)要求。生(sheng)產過程(cheng)必須(xu)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)《無(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin)苦瓜(gua)(gua)生(sheng)產技術規程(cheng)》NYT 5077-00執行,質量(liang)要達(da)到《NY 5074-005無(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 瓜(gua)(gua)類蔬菜》的(de)(de)標準要求,產品(pin)(pin)實行檢測(ce)后上市。
五(wu).特(te)定生產方式
附(fu)近要(yao)求無(wu)工業(ye)(ye)污(wu)染,區內及(ji)周圍無(wu)污(wu)染水源,無(wu)固體廢棄物(wu)(wu)等污(wu)染,環境(jing)條件符合“NY5110—2002無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)食品產(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)條件”要(yao)求。 根據杜(du)阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風味特(te)點(dian),品質特(te)征主要(yao)決定(ding)于(yu)當地獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)和(he)人(ren)工選育,總體質量選擇粒大飽(bao)滿(man)、無(wu)蟲口、色(se)澤(ze)金黃的(de)(de)(de)(de)種子。 杜(du)阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)必須嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)《杜(du)阮(ruan)苦瓜(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》(DNB440700/T15-2003)操(cao)作。 病蟲害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)按照(zhao)“預防(fang)(fang)為主,綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)植保方針,堅持(chi)(chi)以“農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為主,化(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)為輔”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。加強栽培管理(li),采取土(tu)壤翻曬,增施(shi)(shi)有機(ji)質肥(fei),合理(li)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),合理(li)排灌,搭架、引蔓、整蔓等農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),改(gai)善田間小(xiao)氣候,減(jian)少病蟲害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),增強植株自身抗病蟲能力,提高產(chan)(chan)量和(he)果品質量。嚴格(ge)執行國家(jia)有關規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding),禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高度、高殘(can)留(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥。農(nong)(nong)藥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)應(ying)符合GB 4285和(he)GB/T 8321的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)。農(nong)(nong)藥交替(ti)使(shi)用(yong)(yong),嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)農(nong)(nong)藥安全間隔(ge)期用(yong)(yong)藥。 采收的(de)(de)(de)(de)苦瓜(gua)應(ying)是商(shang)品成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de),從開花到商(shang)品成(cheng)(cheng)熟一般需(xu)要(yao)13天~15天。當苦瓜(gua)皮(pi)色(se)由青(qing)綠色(se)轉為臘綠色(se)、有光澤(ze)、果實(shi)飽(bao)滿(man),即(ji)可采收。收獲(huo)(huo)后將苦瓜(gua)田間的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)枝敗葉(xie)和(he)雜草清(qing)理(li)干凈(jing),集(ji)中進行無(wu)害(hai)(hai)化(hua)處理(li),保持(chi)(chi)田間清(qing)潔。 杜(du)阮(ruan)涼(liang)瓜(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過程(cheng),如(ru)實(shi)記錄農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入品的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)日(ri)期、收獲(huo)(huo)日(ri)期、質量檢測情況、銷售情況、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄等,以備查閱。
六(liu).包(bao)裝標(biao)識相關規定
地域(yu)保(bao)護(hu)范圍內(nei)的(de)“杜(du)阮(ruan)特產(chan)(chan)-涼瓜”生產(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe),在產(chan)(chan)品或(huo)包裝上使用(yong)“杜(du)阮(ruan)特產(chan)(chan)-涼瓜”農產(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)及圖(tu)(tu)案(an),必須向(xiang)杜(du)阮(ruan)鎮農業(ye)服務中心提(ti)出申請(qing),申請(qing)通過后方可采用(yong)杜(du)阮(ruan)涼瓜農產(chan)(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)識字(zi)樣和標(biao)志(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)案(an),并按照要求規范生產(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)志(zhi)。