一.產品介紹
武(wu)義縣(xian)種植鐵皮石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)歷史悠久,相傳唐朝年(nian)間(jian),曾為(wei)唐高宗(zong)、武(wu)則天等五(wu)代皇帝(di)做過御(yu)醫的(de)養(yang)生大師葉法善(shan)晚年(nian)隱居于(yu)武(wu)義西南山區(原宣平縣(xian))一帶(dai),為(wei)后人(ren)留下許多御(yu)用秘方,而武(wu)義鐵皮石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)正是這些組方、遺方中(zhong)的(de)精華(hua)所(suo)在。明朝崇禎丙子年(nian)修(xiu)訂的(de)《宣平縣(xian)志》(1958年(nian)原宣平縣(xian)撤銷(xiao)建制并(bing)入(ru)武(wu)義縣(xian))記載(zai),“石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu),俗(su)名(ming)吊蘭……以沙石(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)之(zhi)或以物盛掛檐下,經年(nian)不死,俗(su)名(ming)為(wei)千年(nian)潤。”明確了武(wu)義鐵皮石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)人(ren)工栽(zai)培已有370多年(nian)歷史。 近年(nian)來,武(wu)義鐵皮石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展迅(xun)速,先(xian)后獲得中(zhong)國義烏(國際)森(sen)林產(chan)(chan)品(pin)博覽(lan)會(hui)金(jin)獎、金(jin)華(hua)市優質農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)金(jin)獎等獎項;同時被評為(wei)浙江名(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、金(jin)華(hua)名(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、浙江名(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、金(jin)華(hua)市知名(ming)商品(pin)稱號等榮譽(yu)稱號。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素
1、地(di)(di)(di)理地(di)(di)(di)貌 武義鐵(tie)皮石斛種(zhong)植(zhi)于武義縣(xian)中南(nan)部山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),屬(shu)仙霞(xia)嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,丹霞(xia)地(di)(di)(di)貌帶。地(di)(di)(di)勢南(nan)高(gao)北(bei)低,三面環山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),峰(feng)巒(luan)疊嶂(zhang),丘陵蜿蜒起伏,植(zhi)被(bei)豐(feng)富(fu)。海拔千米(mi)(mi)以上(shang)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有79座,最(zui)高(gao)峰(feng)牛(niu)頭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森林(lin)公園位于武義、遂昌兩縣(xian)交(jiao)界,峰(feng)高(gao)1560米(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)浙中第一(yi)峰(feng)。境(jing)內森林(lin)茂(mao)密(mi),覆蓋率(lv)達(da)(da)85.93%(全縣(xian)森林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)達(da)(da)72%),自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)優越(yue),非常適宜鐵(tie)皮石斛的生(sheng)(sheng)長。 2、土(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di) 保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內有紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、巖石性土(tu)、潮土(tu)、水(shui)稻土(tu)5個(ge)土(tu)類(lei),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)呈地(di)(di)(di)域性和垂直分布,PH值為(wei)(wei)5.5-7.5,微酸(suan)性或酸(suan)性,土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)沃,富(fu)含(han)有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)有機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)含(han)量達(da)(da)4.03%),保(bao)(bao)水(shui)保(bao)(bao)肥(fei)能力強,排灌條件好。 3、水(shui)文(wen) 境(jing)內中部由東至西以大(da)殿嶺(ling)至樊嶺(ling)為(wei)(wei)界,形成(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)兩大(da)水(shui)系(xi)。南(nan)部河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入麗江(jiang)(jiang)大(da)溪(xi),屬(shu)甌江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有東溪(xi)與西溪(xi),以及兩溪(xi)匯流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后的午溪(xi)(宣平(ping)溪(xi));北(bei)部河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)入金華婺江(jiang)(jiang),屬(shu)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)武義江(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)一(yi)二(er)級支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)麻陽港、熟(shu)溪(xi)等。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內大(da)小(xiao)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)密(mi)布,均(jun)(jun)屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溪(xi)性河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),上(shang)游為(wei)(wei)崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻(jun)嶺(ling),源短流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)急,河床狹窄比降大(da),水(shui)量豐(feng)沛,洪(hong)枯明(ming)顯(xian)。水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清澈(che)、純凈。建有宣平(ping)溪(xi)水(shui)庫(庫容3105萬(wan)立方)、源口水(shui)庫(庫容2220萬(wan)立方)兩座中型水(shui)庫,水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)(jun)達(da)(da)到(dao)國(guo)家Ⅱ級飲用(yong)水(shui)標準,是理想的農業生(sheng)(sheng)產和生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)水(shui)。 4、氣候(hou) 武義鐵(tie)皮石斛種(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)(qu)域屬(shu)亞熱帶季(ji)風氣候(hou)。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)16.9℃,年(nian)際間在16.2~17.6℃范圍內變動。1月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)4.8℃,7月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)28.4℃。年(nian)最(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)-8℃、最(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)39℃,極端溫(wen)(wen)度(du)日(ri)數少(shao)。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)1524毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),相對濕度(du)為(wei)(wei)81%。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)1838小(xiao)時,日(ri)照(zhao)率(lv)41%。無霜期279天。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間云霧繚繞,夏季(ji)涼爽。
三.地域范圍
武(wu)義(yi)鐵皮石斛農(nong)產品地(di)理(li)(li)標志(zhi)地(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍(wei),東至(zhi)泉(quan)溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)車蘇和千丈巖,南到三(san)港(gang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)三(san)港(gang)村,西(xi)起西(xi)聯(lian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)坑(keng)下,北至(zhi)白(bai)姆(mu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)張坑(keng)和長蛇(she)形村,地(di)理(li)(li)坐(zuo)標為東經(jing)119°28′—119°55′,北緯28°32′—28°50′,包括武(wu)義(yi)縣王(wang)宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白(bai)姆(mu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、泉(quan)溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、俞源鄉(xiang)(xiang)、熟溪街(jie)道(dao)(dao)、坦洪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、柳城鎮(zhen)(zhen)、桃溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)聯(lian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)(da)田鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)港(gang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)(da)溪口鄉(xiang)(xiang)等13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)95個行政村。可種植面積2388.7公頃,2011年(nian)種植面積452公頃。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官特征 1.1鮮品 莖(jing)黃(huang)綠(lv)色,縱(zong)紋色淺。花(hua)黃(huang)綠(lv)色。略(lve)具青草香(xiang)氣,味淡或(huo)微(wei)甜(tian),嚼(jiao)之(zhi)初有(you)黏滑感,繼(ji)有(you)濃厚粘滯(zhi)感。園(yuan)柱形(xing),橫斷(duan)面圓形(xing),節(jie)間(jian)微(wei)胖;節(jie)明(ming)顯,節(jie)間(jian)1.3 cm~1.7cm,不(bu)分(fen)枝,莖(jing)粗(cu)2mm~6mm,葉二列(lie),互生,矩園(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing),基部(bu)下延為抱(bao)莖(jing)的鞘,邊緣和中肋常帶淡紫色,葉鞘常具紫斑,老時(shi)其(qi)上緣與莖(jing)松離而張開(kai),并且留下1個(ge)環狀(zhuang)鐵青的間(jian)隙。總狀(zhuang)花(hua)序常從(cong)葉的老莖(jing)上部(bu)發出,具花(hua)2朵~3朵;萼片和花(hua)瓣黃(huang)綠(lv)色,長園(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing),長約1.8cm,寬4mm~5mm。 1.2干(gan)(gan)品(鐵皮楓(feng)斗(dou)(dou)) 黃(huang)綠(lv)色。略(lve)具青草香(xiang)氣,味淡,后微(wei)甜(tian),嚼(jiao)之(zhi)初有(you)黏滑感,繼(ji)有(you)濃厚粘滯(zhi)感,無渣滓。呈(cheng)螺旋(xuan)形(xing)或(huo)彈(dan)簧狀(zhuang),一(yi)般(ban)為3~5個(ge)旋(xuan)紋,莖(jing)拉直(zhi)后長3.5cm~8 cm,直(zhi)徑0.2cm~0.3 cm,表面有(you)細縱(zong)皺紋,質(zhi)堅實,易折斷(duan),斷(duan)面平(ping)坦(tan)。 2、內(nei)在(zai)品質(zhi)指標 2.1鮮品 水(shui)分(fen)≤88%,粗(cu)多糖(tang)(以葡(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)計)≥25%(干(gan)(gan)燥后)。 2.2干(gan)(gan)品(鐵皮楓(feng)斗(dou)(dou)) 水(shui)分(fen)≤12%,灰分(fen)≤6.0%,酸不(bu)溶(rong)性灰分(fen)≤1.2%,浸出物≥6.5%,粗(cu)多糖(tang)(以無水(shui)葡(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)計)≥25%,甘(gan)露糖(tang)與葡(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)峰(feng)面積比為2.4~8.0,甘(gan)露糖(tang)13.0%~38.0%。 2.3、安(an)全要求 執行浙江省地方(fang)標準(zhun)《無公害 鐵皮石斛》(DB33/635.4-2007)的標準(zhun)。
五.特定生產方式
1、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 武義鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)距離交(jiao)通(tong)主干(gan)道100m以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai),遠(yuan)離廠(chang)礦(kuang)企業等(deng)污(wu)染(ran)源,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)良(liang)(liang)好,水(shui)源充分(fen),具有(you)可持續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河谷、山谷坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)臺坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)區(qu)域。基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)海拔高(gao)度(du)在(zai)(zai)250~800米間(jian),土壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)沃,土層(ceng)大(da)于(yu)30cm,排(pai)(pai)灌(guan)(guan)良(liang)(liang)好,相對(dui)集中(zhong)連(lian)片(pian)(pian)(pian),可專(zhuan)業化(hua)、規模化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。大(da)氣(qi)、水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)條(tiao)(tiao)件必須符合(he)(he)浙江省地(di)(di)(di)(di)方標準《無(wu)公害(hai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)》產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(DB33/T635.1-2007)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)。 2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要求(qiu) 選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)、抗逆性(xing)(xing)強,豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)、商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)性(xing)(xing)好,有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)含量(liang)高(gao),適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“仙(xian)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)1號”、“仙(xian)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)2號”等(deng)優(you)(you)良(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)系)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)符合(he)(he)《中(zhong)國植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)志》收(shou)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭(lan)科植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)特征,并(bing)經(jing)過(guo)鑒定確認。利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)組織培(pei)(pei)養技術培(pei)(pei)育鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗、原球莖(jing)(jing)誘導苗和(he)不(bu)定芽誘導苗。原球莖(jing)(jing)繼(ji)代(dai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)3代(dai)~5代(dai),不(bu)定芽繼(ji)代(dai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)3代(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)內(nei)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗應(ying)(ying)(ying)該為(wei)(wei)非污(wu)染(ran)、無(wu)爛莖(jing)(jing)、爛根、黃葉(xie)(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)齡(ling)在(zai)(zai)4片(pian)(pian)(pian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上,正常展(zhan)開(kai),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)色嫩綠(lv)或翠綠(lv)。苗株(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)≥2.5厘米,莖(jing)(jing)粗≥0.2厘米。 3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)理(li) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)嚴格按照《有(you)機(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)》第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)分(fen):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(GB/T19630.1-2005)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),確保產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安全。 3.1場地(di)(di)(di)(di)準備 栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)設(she)(she)(she)施搭建前(qian)先深翻土壤(rang)20cm~30cm,暴曬,表面(mian)撒生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)100kg/667平(ping)方米進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)深翻消(xiao)毒。架設(she)(she)(she)玻璃(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室(shi)或大(da)棚,配置(zhi)遮陽網、噴(pen)(pen)霧和(he)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)等(deng)設(she)(she)(she)備設(she)(she)(she)施。開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)作畦(qi)(qi),畦(qi)(qi)寬1.2m~1.4m、長(chang)≤40m;畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)呈龜背(bei)型,畦(qi)(qi)高(gao)約(yue)15cm;開(kai)好畦(qi)(qi)溝(gou)(gou)、圍溝(gou)(gou),使(shi)溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)相通(tong),并(bing)有(you)出水(shui)口。 3.2鋪設(she)(she)(she)基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 要求(qiu)土層(ceng)深大(da)于(yu)30cm,將(jiang)基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鋪在(zai)(zai)土層(ceng)上,高(gao)約(yue)10cm,可播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菌菌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)松(song)鱗、苔蘚(xian)、植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)根、莖(jing)(jing)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)及(ji)(ji)(ji)碎石(shi)片(pian)(pian)(pian)等(deng)。基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前(qian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)該經(jing)堆制(zhi)(zhi)發酵3~4天處理(li),含水(shui)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)60%左右。 3.3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗移栽(zai) 移栽(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)3月(yue)下旬~10月(yue)底。用(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)水(shui)將(jiang)組培(pei)(pei)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養基(ji)(ji)充分(fen)清(qing)洗干(gan)凈。移栽(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)2株(zhu)(zhu)~4株(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)叢,按10cm×10cm行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)株(zhu)(zhu)距栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4移栽(zai)后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)理(li) 在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期,應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)遮陽降(jiang)低(di)光照。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)為(wei)(wei)15℃~28℃,栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)棚內(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)低(di)于(yu)45℃,高(gao)于(yu)0℃。在(zai)(zai)入(ru)冬季之前(qian),要對(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抗凍(dong)煉苗并(bing)適(shi)(shi)當降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。越冬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,要注意保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)偏干(gan)為(wei)(wei)好,栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)視植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)情況(kuang),在(zai)(zai)第(di)三(san)天開(kai)始可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)澆水(shui)。若遇天氣(qi)干(gan)旱(han),可結合(he)(he)追肥(fei)(fei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)。伏天干(gan)旱(han),可在(zai)(zai)早晚噴(pen)(pen)水(shui),切(qie)勿在(zai)(zai)陽光暴曬下進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。雨季時(shi)(shi)(shi),要及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)溝(gou)(gou)理(li)墑,加(jia)深畦(qi)(qi)溝(gou)(gou)和(he)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)溝(gou)(gou),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)。栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)周后(hou)開(kai)始施肥(fei)(fei),禁止(zhi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學肥(fei)(fei)料、城(cheng)市生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾(ji)、醫院垃(la)圾(ji)、工業垃(la)圾(ji)和(he)糞便,只施腐熟有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)或商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保證生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安全。 3.5病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)要及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)工除草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)松(song)土,禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)任(ren)何(he)除草(cao)(cao)(cao)劑。病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)遵循“預防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主、綜合(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)保方針,優(you)(you)先采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)預處理(li)、清(qing)理(li)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)周圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜物(wu)、棚內(nei)外(wai)嚴格隔離,應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)遮蔭網,合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)通(tong)風、降(jiang)濕。綜合(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)理(li)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施,開(kai)展(zhan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)竹(zhu)醋液、石(shi)灰(hui)、黑光燈(deng)誘殺以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其他(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥、礦(kuang)物(wu)農(nong)藥等(deng)綜合(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)藥,防(fang)止(zhi)有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)。 4、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)收(shou)與加(jia)工 采(cai)收(shou)兩年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)上部(bu)分(fen)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)可全年(nian)按成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟度(du)分(fen)批分(fen)期進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)采(cai)收(shou)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)作鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)楓斗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),則(ze)11月(yue)至(zhi)次(ci)年(nian)4月(yue)采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)前(qian)對(dui)所有(you)器具、運輸車輛(liang)、包裝物(wu)等(deng)檢修、清(qing)洗、消(xiao)毒。采(cai)收(shou)后(hou)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)取樣,檢測(ce)多糖、水(shui)份等(deng),貯藏陰涼(liang)潮濕處,防(fang)凍(dong)。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)楓斗加(jia)工:將(jiang)鮮鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)莖(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)炭(tan)火(huo)(huo)上微烤(kao)(kao),并(bing)不(bu)斷翻動,使(shi)受熱(re)均勻(yun),撿(jian)較長(chang)者酌予剪斷成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)約(yue)5~7cm長(chang)。烤(kao)(kao)至(zhi)枝條(tiao)(tiao)柔軟時(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙手的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)拇指(zhi)(zhi)、食指(zhi)(zhi)、中(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)夾住(zhu)莖(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端,緩緩用(yong)(yong)(yong)力扭(niu)曲,邊扭(niu)邊烤(kao)(kao),待繞(rao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)3~5環(huan),用(yong)(yong)(yong)手指(zhi)(zhi)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)螺旋形圓柱狀,再用(yong)(yong)(yong)牛皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)紙固定,置(zhi)通(tong)風處放置(zhi)數日,拆去紙條(tiao)(tiao),再在(zai)(zai)炭(tan)火(huo)(huo)上烘烤(kao)(kao)至(zhi)干(gan)。 5、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu) 建立鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)田間(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)檔(dang)(dang)案、加(jia)工檔(dang)(dang)案。記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)土壤(rang)、灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)、空氣(qi)等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)狀況(kuang)和(he)小氣(qi)候資料;如實(shi)(shi)記(ji)載(zai)育苗、移栽(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)日期,病(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)情況(kuang);產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、采(cai)收(shou)量(liang)、鮮重和(he)加(jia)工、干(gan)燥、干(gan)燥減重、運輸、貯藏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)工培(pei)(pei)訓情況(kuang)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)專(zhuan)人(ren)負責,及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)歸檔(dang)(dang),保存期三(san)年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關規定
1、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝 包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝材料符合(he)食品衛(wei)生(sheng)要求,應干燥、清(qing)潔、無(wu)毒(du)、無(wu)異氣味(wei),不(bu)影響產(chan)(chan)品品質。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝應牢固、防潮、整(zheng)潔。 2、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi) 銷售(shou)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝標(biao)(biao)(biao)簽(qian)應標(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)品名(ming)(ming)稱、產(chan)(chan)地(di)、采摘日期(qi)(或包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝日期(qi))、凈含量、保(bao)(bao)質期(qi)、產(chan)(chan)品編號、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單位(或經銷單位)名(ming)(ming)稱和(he)地(di)址。標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人應在其產(chan)(chan)品或其包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝上(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)有(you)“武(wu)義(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛”字樣和(he)農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)。經認證獲(huo)得(de)無(wu)公害(hai)、綠色或有(you)機產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛可在包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝上(shang)(shang)加貼(tie)相應的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品質量標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。 3、貯藏 選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)清(qing)潔、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)污(wu)染的(de)(de)場所。嚴禁(jin)與(yu)有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害(hai)、有(you)異味(wei)、易污(wu)染的(de)(de)物(wu)品放在一(yi)起。 4、運輸(shu) 產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)運輸(shu)應選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)清(qing)潔、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)污(wu)染的(de)(de)運輸(shu)工(gong)具,運輸(shu)過程(cheng)應防止雨淋(lin)、暴曬(shai)。嚴禁(jin)與(yu)其他有(you)毒(du)有(you)害(hai)物(wu)混運。 5、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)管理(li)(li) 地(di)域范圍內的(de)(de)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)品或包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝上(shang)(shang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)已(yi)獲(huo)得(de)等級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向登記證書持有(you)人提出申(shen)請(qing),并簽(qian)訂(ding)相關合(he)同,按照相關要求規(gui)范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),統一(yi)采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)品名(ming)(ming)稱和(he)農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合(he)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。