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一.產品介紹

武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)種植鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)歷(li)史(shi)悠(you)久(jiu)，相傳唐朝年(nian)(nian)(nian)間，曾為(wei)唐高(gao)宗、武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)則天(tian)等(deng)(deng)五代(dai)皇(huang)帝(di)做過(guo)御醫的養生大師葉(xie)法善晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)隱居于武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)西南山區（原宣平(ping)縣(xian)）一帶(dai)，為(wei)后(hou)人(ren)留(liu)下(xia)許多御用秘(mi)方(fang)，而武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)正是(shi)這些組方(fang)、遺方(fang)中(zhong)的精華所(suo)在。明朝崇(chong)禎丙子年(nian)(nian)(nian)修訂的《宣平(ping)縣(xian)志(zhi)》（1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)原宣平(ping)縣(xian)撤銷建制并入武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)）記載，“石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)，俗名(ming)吊(diao)蘭……以沙石(shi)(shi)栽之或以物(wu)盛(sheng)掛檐下(xia)，經(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)不死，俗名(ming)為(wei)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)潤。”明確了(le)武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)人(ren)工栽培已有370多年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史(shi)。 近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，武(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)產業發展迅速，先后(hou)獲得中(zhong)國義(yi)烏（國際）森林產品(pin)博覽會(hui)金獎、金華市優質(zhi)農(nong)產品(pin)金獎等(deng)(deng)獎項；同(tong)時被評為(wei)浙江名(ming)牌(pai)產品(pin)、金華名(ming)牌(pai)產品(pin)、浙江名(ming)牌(pai)產品(pin)、金華市知(zhi)名(ming)商品(pin)稱號等(deng)(deng)榮譽稱號。

二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素(su)

1、地(di)(di)理(li)地(di)(di)貌(mao) 武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛(hu)種植(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)中南部山(shan)(shan)區(qu)，屬(shu)仙霞(xia)嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)脈，丹霞(xia)地(di)(di)貌(mao)帶。地(di)(di)勢南高(gao)北(bei)低，三面環山(shan)(shan)，峰(feng)巒疊嶂(zhang)，丘陵蜿蜒起伏，植(zhi)(zhi)被豐富(fu)。海拔千米以上(shang)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有(you)(you)79座，最高(gao)峰(feng)牛頭山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)森林公園位于(yu)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)、遂(sui)昌兩(liang)縣(xian)交(jiao)界，峰(feng)高(gao)1560米，為(wei)(wei)浙中第一峰(feng)。境內(nei)森林茂密，覆(fu)(fu)蓋率達85.93%（全縣(xian)森林覆(fu)(fu)蓋率達72%），自然生態環境優越，非常適宜鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛(hu)的(de)(de)生長。 2、土(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)地(di)(di) 保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)有(you)(you)紅(hong)壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、巖(yan)石性(xing)(xing)土(tu)、潮土(tu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)5個土(tu)類(lei)，主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)呈(cheng)地(di)(di)域性(xing)(xing)和垂(chui)直分布(bu)，PH值為(wei)(wei)5.5-7.5，微酸性(xing)(xing)或(huo)酸性(xing)(xing)，土(tu)質(zhi)肥沃，富(fu)含(han)有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)（山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)平均(jun)含(han)量達4.03%），保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥能力(li)強，排灌(guan)條(tiao)件好(hao)。 3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文 境內(nei)中部由東至西以大殿(dian)嶺(ling)至樊(fan)嶺(ling)為(wei)(wei)界，形成南北(bei)兩(liang)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)。南部河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)麗江(jiang)大溪(xi)(xi)(xi)，屬(shu)甌江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)，主(zhu)要河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)東溪(xi)(xi)(xi)與(yu)西溪(xi)(xi)(xi)，以及(ji)兩(liang)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)匯流(liu)(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)午溪(xi)(xi)(xi)（宣(xuan)(xuan)平溪(xi)(xi)(xi)）；北(bei)部河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)金華婺江(jiang)，屬(shu)錢塘江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)，主(zhu)要河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)江(jiang)及(ji)其(qi)一二(er)級(ji)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)麻陽港(gang)、熟溪(xi)(xi)(xi)等。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)大小河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)密布(bu)，均(jun)屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)性(xing)(xing)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，上(shang)游為(wei)(wei)崇山(shan)(shan)峻(jun)嶺(ling)，源短流(liu)(liu)(liu)急，河(he)床狹窄比降大，水(shui)(shui)(shui)量豐沛，洪(hong)枯明顯。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈(che)、純凈(jing)。建有(you)(you)宣(xuan)(xuan)平溪(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)（庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)3105萬(wan)立方(fang)）、源口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)（庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)2220萬(wan)立方(fang)）兩(liang)座中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均(jun)達到(dao)國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準，是理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)農(nong)業生產和生活用水(shui)(shui)(shui)。 4、氣(qi)(qi)候 武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛(hu)種植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域屬(shu)亞熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)16.9℃，年(nian)(nian)際間在16.2～17.6℃范圍內(nei)變動。1月(yue)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)4.8℃，7月(yue)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)28.4℃。年(nian)(nian)最低溫(wen)(wen)-8℃、最高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)39℃，極端溫(wen)(wen)度日(ri)數(shu)少(shao)。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)1524毫米，相對濕(shi)度為(wei)(wei)81%。年(nian)(nian)均(jun)日(ri)照1838小時，日(ri)照率41%。無霜期279天。山(shan)(shan)間云霧繚繞，夏季涼爽。

三.地域范圍

武(wu)義鐵皮石斛農(nong)產品地理標志(zhi)地域(yu)保護范圍，東至泉溪(xi)鎮車蘇和(he)千丈巖，南到三(san)(san)港鄉(xiang)三(san)(san)港村，西(xi)起西(xi)聯鄉(xiang)大坑(keng)下，北(bei)至白姆(mu)(mu)鄉(xiang)張(zhang)坑(keng)和(he)長蛇形村，地理坐(zuo)標為東經119°28′—119°55′，北(bei)緯28°32′—28°50′，包括武(wu)義縣(xian)王(wang)宅(zhai)鎮、白姆(mu)(mu)鄉(xiang)、泉溪(xi)鎮、俞源鄉(xiang)、熟溪(xi)街道、坦洪鄉(xiang)、柳城(cheng)鎮、桃溪(xi)鎮、新宅(zhai)鎮、西(xi)聯鄉(xiang)、大田鄉(xiang)、三(san)(san)港鄉(xiang)、大溪(xi)口鄉(xiang)等(deng)13個鄉(xiang)鎮街道95個行政村。可種植面(mian)積2388.7公頃，2011年種植面(mian)積452公頃。

四.產(chan)品品質特性特征

1、外在(zai)感官特征 1.1鮮(xian)品(pin) 莖黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)，縱紋色(se)淺。花(hua)黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)。略(lve)具(ju)青草香(xiang)氣(qi)，味淡(dan)或微甜，嚼之(zhi)初(chu)有(you)(you)黏滑(hua)感，繼(ji)有(you)(you)濃(nong)(nong)厚(hou)粘(zhan)滯感。園柱形(xing)，橫斷面圓(yuan)形(xing)，節間(jian)微胖；節明顯，節間(jian)1.3 cm～1.7cm，不(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)枝，莖粗2mm～6mm，葉二列，互生(sheng)，矩園狀披針形(xing)，基部(bu)下延為(wei)(wei)抱(bao)莖的(de)(de)(de)鞘，邊緣(yuan)和(he)中肋常(chang)帶淡(dan)紫色(se)，葉鞘常(chang)具(ju)紫斑，老(lao)時其上緣(yuan)與(yu)莖松離而張(zhang)開，并且留下1個(ge)(ge)環狀鐵青的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙。總狀花(hua)序常(chang)從葉的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)莖上部(bu)發(fa)出，具(ju)花(hua)2朵～3朵；萼片和(he)花(hua)瓣黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)，長園狀披針形(xing)，長約1.8cm，寬4mm～5mm。 1.2干(gan)品(pin)（鐵皮(pi)楓斗） 黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)。略(lve)具(ju)青草香(xiang)氣(qi)，味淡(dan)，后(hou)(hou)微甜，嚼之(zhi)初(chu)有(you)(you)黏滑(hua)感，繼(ji)有(you)(you)濃(nong)(nong)厚(hou)粘(zhan)滯感，無渣(zha)滓。呈螺旋(xuan)形(xing)或彈簧狀，一般為(wei)(wei)3～5個(ge)(ge)旋(xuan)紋，莖拉直后(hou)(hou)長3.5cm～8 cm，直徑0.2cm～0.3 cm，表面有(you)(you)細(xi)縱皺(zhou)紋，質(zhi)堅實，易(yi)折(zhe)斷，斷面平坦。 2、內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標 2.1鮮(xian)品(pin) 水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)≤88%，粗多糖（以葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)糖計）≥25%（干(gan)燥后(hou)(hou)）。 2.2干(gan)品(pin)(鐵皮(pi)楓斗) 水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)≤12%，灰分(fen)(fen)(fen)≤6.0%，酸(suan)不(bu)(bu)溶性灰分(fen)(fen)(fen)≤1.2%，浸出物≥6.5％，粗多糖（以無水(shui)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)糖計）≥25%，甘露(lu)(lu)糖與(yu)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)糖峰面積比為(wei)(wei)2.4～8.0，甘露(lu)(lu)糖13.0％～38.0％。 2.3、安全要求(qiu) 執行浙(zhe)江省地(di)方標準《無公(gong)害 鐵皮(pi)石斛》（DB33/635.4-2007）的(de)(de)(de)標準。

五.特定生產方式

1、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze) 武(wu)義鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距離(li)交(jiao)通主(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)道100m以外，遠離(li)廠礦(kuang)企業(ye)(ye)等(deng)污(wu)染源，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)源充分(fen)(fen)，具有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)持續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)河谷、山谷坡地和(he)臺坡地等(deng)區域。基地海(hai)拔高(gao)度在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)250～800米(mi)間(jian)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)沃，土(tu)層大(da)(da)于30cm，排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)，相對(dui)集中(zhong)連片，可(ke)(ke)專業(ye)(ye)化、規模化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。大(da)(da)氣(qi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)條(tiao)件必(bi)須符(fu)合浙江省地方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)《無公害鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)》產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)（DB33/T635.1-2007）的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。 2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)要求 選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適(shi)(shi)(shi)應性、抗逆性強，豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性、商(shang)品(pin)性好(hao)(hao)，有(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)當(dang)地栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“仙斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)1號”、“仙斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)2號”等(deng)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)（品(pin)系）。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)原植物(wu)應符(fu)合《中(zhong)國植物(wu)志》收(shou)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭科植物(wu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)特征(zheng)，并經(jing)過(guo)鑒定(ding)確(que)認。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)組織培(pei)(pei)(pei)養技術培(pei)(pei)(pei)育鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗、原球(qiu)莖(jing)誘(you)導苗和(he)不定(ding)芽(ya)誘(you)導苗。原球(qiu)莖(jing)繼(ji)代(dai)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)～5代(dai)，不定(ding)芽(ya)繼(ji)代(dai)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)以內(nei)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗應該為(wei)非污(wu)染、無爛莖(jing)、爛根(gen)、黃葉(xie)，葉(xie)齡(ling)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4片以上(shang)(shang)，正(zheng)常展(zhan)開(kai)，葉(xie)色嫩綠或(huo)翠綠。苗株高(gao)≥2.5厘米(mi)，莖(jing)粗≥0.2厘米(mi)。 3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li)(li) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)嚴格按照《有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)》第一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)（GB/T19630.1-2005）的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)，確(que)保產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安全。 3.1場地準(zhun)備 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)設(she)施(shi)搭建(jian)前先深(shen)翻土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)20cm～30cm，暴(bao)曬，表(biao)面(mian)撒生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)100kg/667平方(fang)米(mi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)深(shen)翻消毒(du)。架(jia)設(she)玻璃溫室(shi)或(huo)大(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)，配(pei)置(zhi)(zhi)遮(zhe)(zhe)陽網(wang)、噴霧和(he)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)等(deng)設(she)備設(she)施(shi)。開(kai)溝(gou)(gou)作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)，畦(qi)寬1.2m～1.4m、長(chang)≤40m；畦(qi)面(mian)呈龜(gui)背型，畦(qi)高(gao)約15cm；開(kai)好(hao)(hao)畦(qi)溝(gou)(gou)、圍溝(gou)(gou)，使(shi)溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)相通，并有(you)(you)(you)出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口。 3.2鋪(pu)設(she)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 要求土(tu)層深(shen)大(da)(da)于30cm，將(jiang)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鋪(pu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)層上(shang)(shang)，高(gao)約10cm，可(ke)(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菌菌種(zhong)(zhong)。基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)松鱗、苔蘚、植物(wu)根(gen)、莖(jing)、葉(xie)及(ji)碎石(shi)(shi)(shi)片等(deng)。基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前應該經(jing)堆制(zhi)發酵3～4天(tian)處(chu)理(li)(li)，含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)60%左右。 3.3種(zhong)(zhong)苗移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai) 移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)下旬～10月(yue)底。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)將(jiang)組培(pei)(pei)(pei)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養基充分(fen)(fen)清(qing)(qing)洗干(gan)(gan)(gan)凈。移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，以2株～4株為(wei)一(yi)叢(cong)，按10cm×10cm行(xing)(xing)(xing)株距栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后(hou)肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫管理(li)(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)，應采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)(zhe)陽降低光照。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)適(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度為(wei)15℃～28℃，栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)棚(peng)(peng)內(nei)溫度應低于45℃，高(gao)于0℃。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)入冬(dong)(dong)季之(zhi)前，要對(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)抗凍(dong)煉苗并適(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)降溫。越冬(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，要注意(yi)保溫。基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以偏干(gan)(gan)(gan)為(wei)好(hao)(hao)，栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)視植株生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)情況，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第三天(tian)開(kai)始可(ke)(ke)以進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)次(ci)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)。若遇(yu)天(tian)氣(qi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱，可(ke)(ke)結合追肥(fei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。伏天(tian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早(zao)晚噴水(shui)(shui)(shui)，切勿在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陽光暴(bao)曬下進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。雨季時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)溝(gou)(gou)理(li)(li)墑(di)，加深(shen)畦(qi)溝(gou)(gou)和(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)(gou)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)周(zhou)后(hou)開(kai)始施(shi)肥(fei)，禁止施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學肥(fei)料(liao)、城市(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾、醫院垃圾、工業(ye)(ye)垃圾和(he)糞便，只施(shi)腐熟有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)或(huo)商(shang)品(pin)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)，以保證生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安全。 3.5病蟲草(cao)害防治 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)人工除(chu)草(cao)和(he)松土(tu)，禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)任(ren)何除(chu)草(cao)劑。病蟲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)防治遵循“預防為(wei)主(zhu)、綜合防治”的(de)(de)(de)(de)植保方(fang)針，優(you)先采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)防治，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地預處(chu)理(li)(li)、清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)場地周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)物(wu)、棚(peng)(peng)內(nei)外嚴格隔離(li)，應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)(zhe)蔭(yin)網(wang)，合理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)通風(feng)(feng)、降濕。綜合利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)理(li)(li)防治、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治措施(shi)，開(kai)展(zhan)以竹醋液、石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)、黑光燈誘(you)殺以及(ji)其他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)藥、礦(kuang)物(wu)農(nong)藥等(deng)綜合防治病蟲害的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學合成(cheng)(cheng)農(nong)藥，防止有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)害物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染。 4、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)與加工 采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)兩年(nian)(nian)以上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地上(shang)(shang)部分(fen)(fen)植株。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)可(ke)(ke)全年(nian)(nian)按成(cheng)(cheng)熟度分(fen)(fen)批分(fen)(fen)期(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)楓(feng)斗的(de)(de)(de)(de)，則11月(yue)至(zhi)次(ci)年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前對(dui)所有(you)(you)(you)器具、運(yun)輸車輛、包(bao)裝(zhuang)物(wu)等(deng)檢修(xiu)、清(qing)(qing)洗、消毒(du)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)取樣(yang)，檢測多糖(tang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)份等(deng)，貯(zhu)藏陰(yin)涼(liang)潮(chao)濕處(chu)，防凍(dong)。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)楓(feng)斗加工：將(jiang)鮮鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)莖(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)火上(shang)(shang)微烤，并不斷翻動(dong)，使(shi)受熱均勻，撿較長(chang)者酌(zhuo)予剪(jian)斷成(cheng)(cheng)約5～7cm長(chang)。烤至(zhi)枝條(tiao)柔軟(ruan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)拇指、食指、中(zhong)指夾住莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端，緩緩用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)力扭(niu)曲(qu)，邊(bian)扭(niu)邊(bian)烤，待繞(rao)成(cheng)(cheng)了3～5環，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)指壓成(cheng)(cheng)螺(luo)旋形(xing)圓柱狀，再用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牛皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)紙固定(ding)，置(zhi)(zhi)通風(feng)(feng)處(chu)放置(zhi)(zhi)數日，拆去紙條(tiao)，再在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)火上(shang)(shang)烘(hong)烤至(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)。 5、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄 建(jian)立鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)田間(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)檔(dang)案、加工檔(dang)案。記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)、灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、空氣(qi)等(deng)環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)狀況和(he)小氣(qi)候(hou)資料(liao)；如實(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)育苗、移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)入品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)日期(qi)，病蟲草(cao)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)防治情況；產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)量(liang)、鮮重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)加工、干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥、干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥減重(zhong)(zhong)、運(yun)輸、貯(zhu)藏以及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加工培(pei)(pei)(pei)訓情況。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)專人負責，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)歸檔(dang)，保存期(qi)三年(nian)(nian)以上(shang)(shang)。

六.包裝標(biao)識相關規定

1、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang) 包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材(cai)料符合食(shi)品(pin)(pin)衛(wei)生(sheng)要求，應干燥、清潔(jie)、無(wu)毒(du)(du)、無(wu)異氣(qi)味，不影響(xiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質。包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)應牢固、防潮(chao)、整潔(jie)。 2、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi) 銷售的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)簽應標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、采(cai)摘日期（或(huo)(huo)(huo)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期）、凈(jing)含量(liang)、保(bao)質期、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)編號、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)單(dan)位(wei)（或(huo)(huo)(huo)經(jing)(jing)銷單(dan)位(wei)）名(ming)稱和地(di)(di)址。標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)人應在(zai)(zai)其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)其包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)有(you)(you)“武(wu)義(yi)鐵皮(pi)石(shi)斛”字樣(yang)和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)。經(jing)(jing)認證獲得(de)無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)、綠色或(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)機產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)鐵皮(pi)石(shi)斛可在(zai)(zai)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上加貼相應的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3、貯藏 選擇清潔(jie)、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)污(wu)染的(de)場所(suo)。嚴禁與有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)、有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)、有(you)(you)異味、易污(wu)染的(de)物品(pin)(pin)放在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起(qi)。 4、運(yun)輸 產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)運(yun)輸應選擇清潔(jie)、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)污(wu)染的(de)運(yun)輸工具，運(yun)輸過(guo)程應防止雨淋、暴曬。嚴禁與其他有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物混運(yun)。 5、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)管理(li) 地(di)(di)域范圍內的(de)武(wu)義(yi)鐵皮(pi)石(shi)斛生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營者，在(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)(huo)(huo)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上使用(yong)已(yi)獲得(de)等級保(bao)護的(de)武(wu)義(yi)鐵皮(pi)石(shi)斛地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，須向登記證書持有(you)(you)人提出申(shen)請，并簽訂相關合同(tong)，按照相關要求規范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，統一(yi)采(cai)用(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)相結(jie)合的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。