一.產品介紹
武義(yi)(yi)(yi)縣種植鐵(tie)皮石斛歷(li)史悠久,相傳唐朝(chao)年(nian)間,曾為唐高宗、武則天等五(wu)代皇帝做過御醫(yi)的養生(sheng)大師葉法善(shan)晚年(nian)隱(yin)居(ju)于武義(yi)(yi)(yi)西南山區(qu)(原(yuan)宣平(ping)縣)一(yi)帶,為后人留下許多御用秘(mi)方(fang),而武義(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮石斛正是這些(xie)組方(fang)、遺方(fang)中的精華(hua)所(suo)在。明(ming)朝(chao)崇禎(zhen)丙子年(nian)修(xiu)訂的《宣平(ping)縣志(zhi)》(1958年(nian)原(yuan)宣平(ping)縣撤銷建制(zhi)并入武義(yi)(yi)(yi)縣)記載,“石斛,俗(su)名(ming)吊蘭……以沙石栽(zai)(zai)之或以物盛(sheng)掛檐下,經年(nian)不(bu)死,俗(su)名(ming)為千年(nian)潤(run)。”明(ming)確了武義(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮石斛人工栽(zai)(zai)培已有370多年(nian)歷(li)史。 近年(nian)來(lai),武義(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮石斛產業發展(zhan)迅(xun)速,先后獲得中國義(yi)(yi)(yi)烏(國際(ji))森(sen)林產品博覽會金獎、金華(hua)市(shi)優(you)質(zhi)農產品金獎等獎項(xiang);同時被評為浙江名(ming)牌產品、金華(hua)名(ming)牌產品、浙江名(ming)牌產品、金華(hua)市(shi)知名(ming)商品稱號(hao)等榮譽稱號(hao)。
二(er).自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
1、地(di)(di)理地(di)(di)貌(mao) 武(wu)(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛種(zhong)(zhong)植于武(wu)(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)部山(shan)(shan)區,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)仙(xian)霞嶺(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)脈,丹霞地(di)(di)貌(mao)帶。地(di)(di)勢南(nan)高北(bei)低,三面環(huan)山(shan)(shan),峰(feng)巒疊嶂(zhang),丘陵(ling)蜿蜒(yan)起伏,植被(bei)豐富。海(hai)拔千米(mi)以(yi)上的(de)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有79座(zuo),最高峰(feng)牛頭山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森林公(gong)園位于武(wu)(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)、遂昌兩縣(xian)交(jiao)界(jie),峰(feng)高1560米(mi),為浙中(zhong)(zhong)第一峰(feng)。境(jing)內(nei)森林茂密(mi),覆(fu)蓋(gai)率(lv)達85.93%(全縣(xian)森林覆(fu)蓋(gai)率(lv)達72%),自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)優越,非常適宜鐵(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛的(de)生(sheng)長。 2、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di) 保護(hu)區內(nei)有紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、巖石(shi)(shi)性(xing)土(tu)、潮土(tu)、水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)5個土(tu)類,主要(yao)為紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)呈地(di)(di)域性(xing)和(he)垂直分布,PH值為5.5-7.5,微酸(suan)性(xing)或酸(suan)性(xing),土(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)沃,富含有機質(zhi)(zhi)(山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)有機質(zhi)(zhi)平均(jun)(jun)含量達4.03%),保水(shui)(shui)保肥(fei)能力強(qiang),排灌條件好。 3、水(shui)(shui)文(wen) 境(jing)內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)部由東至西(xi)以(yi)大殿嶺(ling)(ling)至樊嶺(ling)(ling)為界(jie),形(xing)成南(nan)北(bei)兩大水(shui)(shui)系。南(nan)部河(he)流(liu)(liu)入麗江(jiang)(jiang)大溪(xi)(xi)(xi),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)甌江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)有東溪(xi)(xi)(xi)與西(xi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi),以(yi)及兩溪(xi)(xi)(xi)匯(hui)流(liu)(liu)后的(de)午溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(宣平溪(xi)(xi)(xi));北(bei)部河(he)流(liu)(liu)入金華婺(wu)江(jiang)(jiang),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)錢(qian)塘江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)為武(wu)(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)及其一二級支流(liu)(liu)麻陽港(gang)、熟溪(xi)(xi)(xi)等。保護(hu)區內(nei)大小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)布,均(jun)(jun)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)性(xing)河(he)流(liu)(liu),上游(you)為崇(chong)山(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling)(ling),源(yuan)短流(liu)(liu)急,河(he)床狹窄比降大,水(shui)(shui)量豐沛,洪枯明(ming)顯。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清澈、純凈。建(jian)有宣平溪(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(庫(ku)容3105萬立方)、源(yuan)口水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(庫(ku)容2220萬立方)兩座(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku),水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)(jun)達到(dao)國(guo)家Ⅱ級飲用水(shui)(shui)標準,是理想的(de)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產和(he)生(sheng)活(huo)用水(shui)(shui)。 4、氣(qi)候 武(wu)(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛種(zhong)(zhong)植區域屬(shu)(shu)(shu)亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣(qi)候。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)16.9℃,年(nian)際間在16.2~17.6℃范(fan)圍內(nei)變動。1月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)4.8℃,7月(yue)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)28.4℃。年(nian)最低溫(wen)-8℃、最高溫(wen)39℃,極端溫(wen)度日數少。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)1524毫米(mi),相對(dui)濕(shi)度為81%。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)日照1838小(xiao)時,日照率(lv)41%。無霜期279天。山(shan)(shan)間云霧繚繞(rao),夏季涼爽。
三.地域范圍
武(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)皮石斛(hu)農產品地(di)理(li)標志地(di)域保護范圍(wei),東至泉(quan)溪(xi)鎮(zhen)車蘇和千(qian)丈巖(yan),南到三(san)港(gang)(gang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三(san)港(gang)(gang)村(cun)(cun),西起西聯鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)坑下,北至白姆(mu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)張坑和長蛇形村(cun)(cun),地(di)理(li)坐標為東經119°28′—119°55′,北緯28°32′—28°50′,包括武(wu)義(yi)縣王宅鎮(zhen)、白姆(mu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、泉(quan)溪(xi)鎮(zhen)、俞源鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、熟溪(xi)街道(dao)、坦洪鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、柳(liu)城鎮(zhen)、桃溪(xi)鎮(zhen)、新宅鎮(zhen)、西聯鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)田(tian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)港(gang)(gang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)溪(xi)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)街道(dao)95個行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)。可種植面(mian)積2388.7公(gong)頃,2011年種植面(mian)積452公(gong)頃。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在感(gan)(gan)官特征(zheng) 1.1鮮品(pin) 莖黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se),縱(zong)紋色(se)(se)淺(qian)。花(hua)黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)。略具(ju)(ju)青草(cao)香(xiang)氣(qi),味淡或微甜,嚼之(zhi)初有(you)黏(nian)滑感(gan)(gan),繼有(you)濃厚粘滯感(gan)(gan)。園(yuan)柱形(xing),橫(heng)斷(duan)面圓形(xing),節間微胖(pang);節明(ming)顯,節間1.3 cm~1.7cm,不(bu)分枝,莖粗(cu)2mm~6mm,葉(xie)二列,互生,矩(ju)園(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing),基部下延(yan)為(wei)(wei)抱莖的(de)鞘(qiao),邊(bian)緣和中(zhong)肋(lei)常帶淡紫(zi)(zi)色(se)(se),葉(xie)鞘(qiao)常具(ju)(ju)紫(zi)(zi)斑,老時其上緣與(yu)(yu)莖松離(li)而(er)張開,并且(qie)留下1個(ge)環(huan)狀(zhuang)鐵青的(de)間隙。總狀(zhuang)花(hua)序常從葉(xie)的(de)老莖上部發出(chu),具(ju)(ju)花(hua)2朵(duo)~3朵(duo);萼片(pian)和花(hua)瓣黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se),長園(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing),長約(yue)1.8cm,寬(kuan)4mm~5mm。 1.2干品(pin)(鐵皮楓斗) 黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)(se)。略具(ju)(ju)青草(cao)香(xiang)氣(qi),味淡,后微甜,嚼之(zhi)初有(you)黏(nian)滑感(gan)(gan),繼有(you)濃厚粘滯感(gan)(gan),無(wu)渣滓。呈(cheng)螺旋(xuan)形(xing)或彈簧狀(zhuang),一般為(wei)(wei)3~5個(ge)旋(xuan)紋,莖拉直后長3.5cm~8 cm,直徑0.2cm~0.3 cm,表面有(you)細縱(zong)皺紋,質堅實,易折斷(duan),斷(duan)面平(ping)坦。 2、內在品(pin)質指標(biao) 2.1鮮品(pin) 水(shui)(shui)分≤88%,粗(cu)多糖(以葡(pu)萄糖計)≥25%(干燥(zao)后)。 2.2干品(pin)(鐵皮楓斗) 水(shui)(shui)分≤12%,灰分≤6.0%,酸不(bu)溶性灰分≤1.2%,浸出(chu)物≥6.5%,粗(cu)多糖(以無(wu)水(shui)(shui)葡(pu)萄糖計)≥25%,甘露(lu)糖與(yu)(yu)葡(pu)萄糖峰面積比為(wei)(wei)2.4~8.0,甘露(lu)糖13.0%~38.0%。 2.3、安全要求 執行浙江(jiang)省(sheng)地(di)方標(biao)準《無(wu)公害(hai) 鐵皮石斛》(DB33/635.4-2007)的(de)標(biao)準。
五(wu).特定(ding)生產方式(shi)
1、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇 武義鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距離交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)主干道100m以外,遠(yuan)離廠礦(kuang)企業(ye)等(deng)污染源(yuan),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)良好(hao),水(shui)源(yuan)充分(fen),具有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)持續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河谷(gu)(gu)、山谷(gu)(gu)坡地(di)(di)和(he)(he)臺(tai)坡地(di)(di)等(deng)區域。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)海拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)250~800米(mi)(mi)間(jian)(jian),土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃,土(tu)層大(da)于(yu)(yu)30cm,排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)良好(hao),相對(dui)(dui)集中連(lian)片(pian),可(ke)(ke)專業(ye)化、規模化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。大(da)氣、水(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)條件(jian)必須(xu)符合(he)(he)浙江省地(di)(di)方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)《無公害(hai)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)》產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(DB33/T635.1-2007)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 2、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求 選(xuan)用(yong)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)性、抗逆性強,豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)性、商品(pin)(pin)性好(hao),有(you)(you)效成(cheng)分(fen)含量(liang)高(gao)(gao),適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)當地(di)(di)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“仙斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)1號”、“仙斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)2號”等(deng)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(品(pin)(pin)系)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原植物(wu)應(ying)(ying)符合(he)(he)《中國植物(wu)志》收(shou)(shou)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭科植物(wu)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)特征(zheng),并經過鑒定(ding)(ding)確(que)(que)認。利用(yong)植物(wu)組織培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養技術培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)育鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)、原球莖(jing)誘導苗(miao)和(he)(he)不(bu)定(ding)(ding)芽誘導苗(miao)。原球莖(jing)繼代(dai)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)~5代(dai),不(bu)定(ding)(ding)芽繼代(dai)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)以內。用(yong)于(yu)(yu)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)應(ying)(ying)該為非污染、無爛莖(jing)、爛根、黃葉(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)齡在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4片(pian)以上,正常展(zhan)開,葉(xie)(xie)色(se)嫩綠或翠綠。苗(miao)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)(gao)≥2.5厘米(mi)(mi),莖(jing)粗≥0.2厘米(mi)(mi)。 3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管理(li)(li) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)《有(you)(you)機產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)》第(di)一(yi)部分(fen):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(GB/T19630.1-2005)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan),確(que)(que)保(bao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)安(an)全。 3.1場地(di)(di)準(zhun)備 栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)設(she)施(shi)(shi)搭建前(qian)先(xian)深(shen)翻土(tu)壤20cm~30cm,暴(bao)曬(shai),表面(mian)撒生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)100kg/667平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)深(shen)翻消(xiao)毒。架設(she)玻璃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)室或大(da)棚,配置遮(zhe)陽(yang)(yang)網、噴霧和(he)(he)灌(guan)(guan)溉等(deng)設(she)備設(she)施(shi)(shi)。開溝(gou)(gou)作(zuo)畦(qi),畦(qi)寬1.2m~1.4m、長≤40m;畦(qi)面(mian)呈(cheng)龜背型,畦(qi)高(gao)(gao)約(yue)15cm;開好(hao)畦(qi)溝(gou)(gou)、圍(wei)溝(gou)(gou),使(shi)溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)相通(tong)(tong),并有(you)(you)出水(shui)口。 3.2鋪設(she)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi) 要(yao)求土(tu)層深(shen)大(da)于(yu)(yu)30cm,將(jiang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)鋪在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)層上,高(gao)(gao)約(yue)10cm,可(ke)(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菌菌種(zhong)(zhong)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)選(xuan)擇松鱗、苔蘚、植物(wu)根、莖(jing)、葉(xie)(xie)及(ji)(ji)碎(sui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)等(deng)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)前(qian)應(ying)(ying)該經堆制(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)酵3~4天(tian)處理(li)(li),含水(shui)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)60%左右(you)。 3.3種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)移栽(zai)(zai) 移栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月下旬~10月底。用(yong)清(qing)(qing)水(shui)將(jiang)組培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)充分(fen)清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)干凈。移栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi),以2株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)~4株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為一(yi)叢,按10cm×10cm行(xing)(xing)(xing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4移栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)肥(fei)水(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)管理(li)(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期,應(ying)(ying)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)遮(zhe)陽(yang)(yang)降低光(guang)照(zhao)。鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)為15℃~28℃,栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)棚內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)低于(yu)(yu)45℃,高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)0℃。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)入冬(dong)季之前(qian),要(yao)對(dui)(dui)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)抗凍煉苗(miao)并適(shi)(shi)當降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。越冬(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou),要(yao)注(zhu)意保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)以偏干為好(hao),栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)視植株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長情況,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)三天(tian)開始可(ke)(ke)以進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)一(yi)次澆水(shui)。若(ruo)遇(yu)天(tian)氣干旱(han),可(ke)(ke)結合(he)(he)追肥(fei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)。伏天(tian)干旱(han),可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早晚噴水(shui),切勿(wu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)暴(bao)曬(shai)下進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。雨(yu)季時(shi)(shi),要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)溝(gou)(gou)理(li)(li)墑,加深(shen)畦(qi)溝(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)排(pai)水(shui)溝(gou)(gou),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)。栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)周后(hou)(hou)(hou)開始施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),禁(jin)止(zhi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)化學(xue)肥(fei)料、城(cheng)市生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾(ji)、醫院垃圾(ji)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)垃圾(ji)和(he)(he)糞便,只(zhi)施(shi)(shi)腐熟有(you)(you)機肥(fei)或商品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)機肥(fei),以保(bao)證生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)安(an)全。 3.5病蟲草(cao)(cao)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi) 栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)松土(tu),禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)任何除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑。病蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)遵循“預(yu)(yu)防(fang)為主、綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植保(bao)方(fang)針,優(you)先(xian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)預(yu)(yu)處理(li)(li)、清(qing)(qing)理(li)(li)場地(di)(di)周圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜物(wu)、棚內外嚴格(ge)隔離,應(ying)(ying)用(yong)遮(zhe)蔭網,合(he)(he)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)通(tong)(tong)風、降濕。綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)利用(yong)物(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi),開展(zhan)以竹醋液(ye)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)、黑光(guang)燈誘殺以及(ji)(ji)其他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥、礦(kuang)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥等(deng)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)病蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。禁(jin)止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)化學(xue)合(he)(he)成(cheng)農(nong)(nong)藥,防(fang)止(zhi)有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染。 4、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)與加工(gong)(gong)(gong) 采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)兩年(nian)以上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)上部分(fen)植株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)可(ke)(ke)全年(nian)按成(cheng)熟度(du)(du)(du)分(fen)批分(fen)期進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。用(yong)于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)鐵(tie)皮(pi)楓斗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),則11月至(zhi)(zhi)次年(nian)4月采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)對(dui)(dui)所有(you)(you)器具、運輸車輛、包裝物(wu)等(deng)檢修、清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)、消(xiao)毒。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)取樣(yang),檢測多糖、水(shui)份等(deng),貯藏(zang)陰涼潮濕處,防(fang)凍。鐵(tie)皮(pi)楓斗加工(gong)(gong)(gong):將(jiang)鮮鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)莖(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭火上微(wei)烤(kao),并不(bu)斷翻動(dong),使(shi)受(shou)熱均勻,撿較(jiao)長者酌予剪斷成(cheng)約(yue)5~7cm長。烤(kao)至(zhi)(zhi)枝條柔軟時(shi)(shi),用(yong)雙手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)拇指(zhi)、食指(zhi)、中指(zhi)夾住莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端,緩(huan)緩(huan)用(yong)力(li)扭曲,邊(bian)扭邊(bian)烤(kao),待繞成(cheng)了3~5環(huan),用(yong)手(shou)指(zhi)壓(ya)成(cheng)螺旋形圓柱狀,再(zai)用(yong)牛皮(pi)紙(zhi)固定(ding)(ding),置通(tong)(tong)風處放置數日(ri),拆(chai)去紙(zhi)條,再(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭火上烘(hong)烤(kao)至(zhi)(zhi)干。 5、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu) 建立鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)田(tian)間(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)檔案(an)、加工(gong)(gong)(gong)檔案(an)。記錄(lu)土(tu)壤、灌(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)、空氣等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)狀況和(he)(he)小氣候(hou)資(zi)料;如實記載育苗(miao)、移栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源(yuan)、用(yong)法、用(yong)量(liang)和(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)日(ri)期,病蟲草(cao)(cao)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)情況;產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)量(liang)、鮮重(zhong)和(he)(he)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)、干燥、干燥減(jian)重(zhong)、運輸、貯藏(zang)以及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)情況。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)專人(ren)負責,及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)歸檔,保(bao)存期三年(nian)以上。
六(liu).包裝標識相關規(gui)定
1、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang) 包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料符合食品(pin)(pin)衛(wei)生(sheng)要求,應(ying)(ying)(ying)干燥、清潔(jie)、無(wu)(wu)毒(du)(du)、無(wu)(wu)異(yi)氣味(wei),不影響(xiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)牢固、防(fang)潮、整潔(jie)。 2、標(biao)(biao)識(shi) 銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)簽應(ying)(ying)(ying)標(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、采摘日期(或包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期)、凈含量(liang)、保質期、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)編號、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)單(dan)位(或經(jing)銷(xiao)單(dan)位)名稱(cheng)和(he)地(di)(di)址。標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)人應(ying)(ying)(ying)在其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或其包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)標(biao)(biao)有(you)“武(wu)義鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)”字樣和(he)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志公共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)。經(jing)認(ren)證獲得無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)、綠(lv)色或有(you)機產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)可在包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)加貼(tie)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)標(biao)(biao)志。 3、貯藏 選擇清潔(jie)、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)(wu)污染的(de)場所。嚴禁與(yu)有(you)毒(du)(du)、有(you)害(hai)、有(you)異(yi)味(wei)、易(yi)污染的(de)物品(pin)(pin)放在一(yi)起。 4、運(yun)輸(shu) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)運(yun)輸(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)選擇清潔(jie)、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)(wu)污染的(de)運(yun)輸(shu)工具,運(yun)輸(shu)過程應(ying)(ying)(ying)防(fang)止雨淋(lin)、暴(bao)曬。嚴禁與(yu)其他(ta)有(you)毒(du)(du)有(you)害(hai)物混運(yun)。 5、標(biao)(biao)識(shi)管理(li) 地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍內的(de)武(wu)義鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)已(yi)獲得等級保護的(de)武(wu)義鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志,須向登記證書持有(you)人提出申請,并簽訂相(xiang)關(guan)合同,按照(zhao)相(xiang)關(guan)要求規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志,統(tong)一(yi)采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng)和(he)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志公共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)注方法(fa)。