芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

永(yong)(yong)定早熟(shu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)栽培(pei)歷史悠久，乾隆(long)《永(yong)(yong)定縣志》記(ji)載“芋(yu)(yu)(yu)：大(da)者數(shu)斤，小(xiao)者如卵(luan)，呼(hu)之早芋(yu)(yu)(yu)”。許多客家美食以早熟(shu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)作原料(liao)，如芋(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)包、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)粄等，1990年在永(yong)(yong)定峰市鄉泥角村發現變異(yi)株，經過(guo)多年選(xuan)育實驗，1995年定名“六月(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟(shu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)（閩認菜2004002），“六月(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟(shu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)是我國最早成熟(shu)的(de)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，是永(yong)(yong)定獨(du)具(ju)特(te)(te)色(se)的(de)地(di)方優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。 永(yong)(yong)定“六月(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟(shu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)典型特(te)(te)點(dian)如下(xia)：該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)屬多子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)類型。株高100厘(li)米左右，全生(sheng)(sheng)育期總葉(xie)(xie)片數(shu)16-17葉(xie)(xie)，葉(xie)(xie)為(wei)盾(dun)形，互生(sheng)(sheng)，葉(xie)(xie)柄和葉(xie)(xie)緣(yuan)邊呈紫色(se)，葉(xie)(xie)脈綠色(se)，單(dan)株結芋(yu)(yu)(yu)數(shu)一(yi)般8-12個，單(dan)子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)重60克左右，子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)呈卵(luan)型，皮薄，白芽，肉乳白色(se)，肉質(zhi)細嫩、粘(zhan)滑，品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)，商品(pin)(pin)性好。“六月(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟(shu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)獨(du)具(ju)風味，肉質(zhi)細嫩、粘(zhan)滑，富含(han)(han)(han)維生(sheng)(sheng)素E，維生(sheng)(sheng)素E含(han)(han)(han)量5.2mg/kg以上，淀(dian)粉含(han)(han)(han)量6.5g/100g以上，蛋白質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量1g/100g以上。 永(yong)(yong)定“六月(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟(shu)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)是永(yong)(yong)定具(ju)有(you)地(di)方特(te)(te)色(se)的(de)優(you)勢品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，該產(chan)業能(neng)促進縣域經濟(ji)發展，帶(dai)動(dong)農民增收的(de)優(you)勢產(chan)業，永(yong)(yong)定縣政府十(shi)分(fen)重視，出臺(tai)了(le)相(xiang)關扶持(chi)政策，加大(da)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)建設力度，預計到2016年種(zhong)植規模為(wei)4.5萬畝，直接帶(dai)動(dong)農戶每畝增收2500元。

二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因素

1、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況：地(di)處中(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)向南(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)過渡地(di)段，屬亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)海(hai)(hai)洋性(xing)季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候，夏無酷暑，冬無嚴寒。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫20.1℃，極端最高溫為39.2℃，極端最低溫為-4.8℃，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨量(liang)為1606.9mm，最多降水量(liang)2479.8mm（1983年(nian)），最少年(nian)為1157.7mm（1958年(nian)），雨量(liang)充(chong)沛。永定縣(xian)(xian)全(quan)年(nian)日(ri)照總(zong)時數(shu)平(ping)均(jun)為2024.6小(xiao)時，日(ri)照百分率為46%。本縣(xian)(xian)南(nan)北(bei)緯(wei)度(du)跨越不大(da)，日(ri)出日(ri)沒時刻相差只(zhi)1～2分鐘，年(nian)有(you)霜日(ri)數(shu)平(ping)均(jun)為13天(tian)。環(huan)境(jing)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)達到國(guo)家環(huan)境(jing)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量(liang)GB3095-1966二級(ji)以上(shang)標準。縣(xian)(xian)內地(di)勢東北(bei)高、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)低，東南(nan)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)巒重疊(die)，使全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)成為典型的(de)丘陵山(shan)(shan)地(di)。由于西(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)多高山(shan)(shan)能阻(zu)擋北(bei)方寒流南(nan)下(xia)，東南(nan)部(bu)山(shan)(shan)脈可阻(zu)擋南(nan)部(bu)臺風侵襲，地(di)勢由東北(bei)向西(xi)(xi)南(nan)逐(zhu)步傾斜，有(you)利于冷空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)排泄和海(hai)(hai)洋暖流輸(shu)入，使永定縣(xian)(xian)有(you)優越的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件。 

2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況：永(yong)定縣溪河均屬(shu)山區河流(liu)，分別(bie)屬(shu)于汀(ting)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)、梅河水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)、梅江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)、九龍江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)。有四大河：分別(bie)是永(yong)定河、金豐(feng)溪、黃潭河、汀(ting)江干流(liu)。地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)量(liang)充沛，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達到國家農田(tian)灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)GB 5084-92二(er)級以上標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。 

3、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)和植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)：全縣耕(geng)(geng)地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分旱(han)地和水(shui)田(tian)兩種，旱(han)地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有灰(hui)紅(hong)(hong)泥土(tu)(tu)等五個(ge)類型，以紅(hong)(hong)泥土(tu)(tu)面積(ji)最大，占(zhan)耕(geng)(geng)地面積(ji)3.88%；水(shui)田(tian)土(tu)(tu)有26個(ge)類型，以淺灰(hui)黃泥田(tian)面積(ji)最大，其(qi)次為黃泥田(tian)，共占(zhan)耕(geng)(geng)地面積(ji)57.66%。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)較(jiao)為豐富，根據對全縣的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)化驗分析：有機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)在6.6～75.0g／kg之間(jian)，平均值為38.1 g／kg。有機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)豐富(>30g／kg)的(de)(de)樣點數占(zhan)86.6％，而(er)有機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)缺乏(<20g／kg)的(de)(de)樣點數僅占(zhan)0.87％，說明本區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)是比(bi)較(jiao)豐富的(de)(de)。在河谷(gu)沖(chong)積(ji)地帶，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃(wo)、疏松(song)，比(bi)較(jiao)適于永定“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟芋生(sheng)長(chang)。 永定縣植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)完好(hao)，森林覆蓋率達7３％。植(zhi)(zhi)物資源種類繁多，據調查，有山地植(zhi)(zhi)物162科1027種，栽(zai)培果樹２８種。 永定獨特(te)的(de)(de)地形(xing)(xing)地貌形(xing)(xing)成了(le)獨特(te)農田(tian)生(sheng)態和氣候條件，為永定“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟芋的(de)(de)生(sheng)長(chang)提供了(le)優越的(de)(de)條件，造就了(le)永定“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)(hong)”早熟芋特(te)性與獨特(te)的(de)(de)品質(zhi)。

三.地域范圍

永定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于福(fu)建(jian)省西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部，介于北(bei)緯(wei)24°23′～25°05′、東經116°25′～117°05′之間。東連(lian)南(nan)(nan)靖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，東南(nan)(nan)與平(ping)(ping)和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)交界，西(xi)南(nan)(nan)與廣(guang)東省大埔(pu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、梅(mei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤，西(xi)北(bei)與上(shang)杭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相連(lian)，東北(bei)與新羅區毗鄰。全境東西(xi)最寬距離68公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)最長距離80公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，總面積2223平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。地域范圍包括全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄10個鎮、14個鄉。永定六月紅早(zao)熟(shu)芋保護(hu)面積2223平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，生產面積2100公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，年(nian)產量4.2萬噸，年(nian)銷售收入1億元(yuan)。

四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、外在(zai)感官(guan)特征(zheng)：永(yong)定六月紅早熟芋(yu)屬多子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)類型。株高(gao)100厘米左右，全生育(yu)期總葉(xie)(xie)片數16-17葉(xie)(xie)，葉(xie)(xie)為(wei)盾形(xing)，互生，葉(xie)(xie)柄和葉(xie)(xie)緣邊呈(cheng)紫色，葉(xie)(xie)脈綠(lv)色，單(dan)株結芋(yu)數一般8-12個，單(dan)子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)重(zhong)60克左右，子(zi)(zi)芋(yu)呈(cheng)卵型，皮薄，白(bai)芽，肉乳(ru)白(bai)色。 

2、內(nei)在(zai)品質指標：永定六(liu)月(yue)紅早熟芋(yu)獨具風(feng)味，肉質細嫩、粘(zhan)滑。六(liu)月(yue)紅早熟芋(yu)富含(han)維(wei)生(sheng)素E，維(wei)生(sheng)素E含(han)量(liang)5.2mg/kg以上(shang)(shang)，淀粉(fen)含(han)量(liang)6.5g/100g以上(shang)(shang)，蛋白質含(han)量(liang)1g/100g以上(shang)(shang)。 

3、安全(quan)要求(qiu)：永定六月紅早熟芋(yu)執行《NY5221-2005無公害(hai)食(shi)品薯芋(yu)類蔬菜》標準。

五.特定(ding)生產方式

1、種植(zhi)(zhi)準(zhun)備(bei) 整地作(zuo)畦：芋田(tian)(tian)應(ying)選擇土(tu)壤肥沃、透(tou)水(shui)性好(hao)的水(shui)田(tian)(tian)或者旱(han)地。芋田(tian)(tian)應(ying)進行(xing)深(shen)翻、曬白，整畦前每畝(mu)施消石灰(hui)50～75kg，作(zuo)畦規格(ge)為(wei)畦帶溝(gou)130cm ，畦高25cm以上(shang)。基肥每畝(mu)用腐熟有機(ji)肥1500kg，硫酸鎂3～5kg，硼砂1kg，硫酸鉀10kg，過磷酸鈣50kg，拌勻堆漚7～10天(tian)，采取(qu)穴施。每畝(mu)種植(zhi)(zhi)3000株，即株距(ju)為(wei)35 cm，行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)65cm。定植(zhi)(zhi)時間為(wei)11月上(shang)旬至1月上(shang)旬。 

2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)要求 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)前種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)曬2～4天，并(bing)去(qu)除(chu)(chu)芽(ya)(ya)頂部(bu)的(de)鱗(lin)片毛。剔除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)危害(hai)或機械傷的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽(ya)(ya)大(da)小分(fen)(fen)級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)殺蟲(chong)、滅菌(jun)處理：將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)放入40%樂果乳劑(ji)一份加(jia)(jia)50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈可濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)一份配成(cheng)800倍藥液中(zhong)，浸(jin)泡(pao)5～8分(fen)(fen)鐘撈起晾(liang)干即(ji)可種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)深度(du)8～10cm。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)蓋土(tu)(tu)至芽(ya)(ya)頂2cm。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)全園噴(pen)灑除(chu)(chu)草劑(ji)，每(mei)畝用(yong)50%丁草胺乳油(you)100ml加(jia)(jia)水噴(pen)霧，畦(qi)面過干應(ying)加(jia)(jia)大(da)用(yong)水量。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)畦(qi)連(lian)邊地(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋。 科(ke)學(xue)管水：采(cai)用(yong)獨特的(de)水肥促控技(ji)術(shu)。5葉(xie)(xie)前保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)表土(tu)(tu)干，3cm以下見濕。結芋(yu)(yu)(yu)及(ji)子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)畦(qi)面見黑(hei)不(bu)見白。子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)表土(tu)(tu)見白不(bu)見黑(hei)，溝(gou)底(di)見黑(hei)不(bu)見白。 中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)、除(chu)(chu)草、培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)：第8～9葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，結合追(zhui)施結芋(yu)(yu)(yu)肥，中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)(chu)草清(qing)除(chu)(chu)地(di)(di)膜(mo)，填平種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)穴。第11～13葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，結合施子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)膨(peng)大(da)肥，中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)(chu)草，培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)高度(du)5cm。第11～15葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)(chu)草，除(chu)(chu)壓側(ce)芽(ya)(ya)，培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)高至10cm。 病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治：從無病(bing)(bing)、健(jian)壯芋(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)中(zhong)選留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)。要求水旱輪(lun)作，旱地(di)(di)要求隔年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。發病(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，發現病(bing)(bing)株立(li)即(ji)拔掉病(bing)(bing)株，集中(zhong)燒毀，并(bing)用(yong)石灰對病(bing)(bing)穴及(ji)周圍土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)進(jin)行清(qing)毒。施足基肥，施用(yong)充分(fen)(fen)腐熟(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)有(you)(you)機肥，避(bi)免偏施氮肥，加(jia)(jia)強肥水管理，采(cai)用(yong)高畦(qi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)，清(qing)溝(gou)排漬。主要病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)有(you)(you)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)疫病(bing)(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)污斑病(bing)(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)軟(ruan)腐病(bing)(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)炭疽病(bing)(bing)、蚜蟲(chong)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)單線(xian)天蛾、蠐螬。農(nong)藥不(bu)得使用(yong)無公害(hai)蔬菜禁用(yong)農(nong)藥。 

3、芋田管理 破膜(mo)(mo)引苗(miao)：芋出苗(miao)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)每株(zhu)(zhu)芽頂的膜(mo)(mo)上用(yong)小刀劃開一個小口引苗(miao)伸出，并隨(sui)即(ji)用(yong)泥土封(feng)嚴揭口。 肥(fei)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)：全(quan)期(qi)肥(fei)料(liao)參考(kao)用(yong)量即(ji)尿素26kg，過磷酸鈣50kg，硫酸鉀24kg。第1～2葉(xie)展開時，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提苗(miao)肥(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)量占(zhan)氮(dan)肥(fei)總(zong)量的20%，水肥(fei)澆施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。第5～6葉(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發棵肥(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)量占(zhan)氮(dan)肥(fei)總(zong)量30%水肥(fei)澆施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。第8～9葉(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)芋肥(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)量占(zhan)氮(dan)肥(fei)總(zong)量50%，芋株(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)9cm二邊開溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。第11～13葉(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子芋膨大(da)肥(fei)，以鉀肥(fei)為(wei)主，除基肥(fei)外(wai)，其(qi)余鉀肥(fei)全(quan)部施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)下，在(zai)(zai)芋株(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)12～15cm 二邊開溝(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 

4、產品收獲及產后處理：根據(ju)子(zi)芋(yu)產量及市場行情和顧客對產品的要(yao)求進行適時采收。芋(yu)葉全部變黃(huang)衰敗(bai)，母(mu)芋(yu)、子(zi)芋(yu)根系枯(ku)萎是子(zi)芋(yu)成熟的標志。選(xuan)擇晴天采收，除去殘根、須根和泥土(tu)，晾干表面水分。同批產品可按大(每顆100g以上)、中(zhong)(50～100g)、小(小于(yu)50g)分級，或按購銷(xiao)合同定(ding)級。 

5、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記錄(lu)：永定“六月紅”早熟芋的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產全(quan)過程，要建立田(tian)間生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產檔案，全(quan)面記載(zai)并妥善保存(cun)，以(yi)備查閱。不得(de)施用(yong)國(guo)家明(ming)令禁(jin)止使用(yong)的(de)高(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)殘留和淘汰的(de)農業投入品，嚴禁(jin)任何單(dan)位和個人在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地推廣未經國(guo)家審定、登記、批準(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)農業投入品，以(yi)確保產品的(de)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)與質量安(an)全(quan)。