芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

永定早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)芋(yu)(yu)栽培歷(li)史悠久(jiu)，乾隆《永定縣(xian)志》記載(zai)“芋(yu)(yu)：大(da)者(zhe)數(shu)斤，小(xiao)者(zhe)如卵(luan)，呼之早(zao)芋(yu)(yu)”。許多(duo)客家美(mei)食以(yi)(yi)(yi)早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)芋(yu)(yu)作原料，如芋(yu)(yu)子(zi)包、芋(yu)(yu)子(zi)粄(ban)等，1990年在永定峰市鄉泥角村發現變異株(zhu)，經過多(duo)年選育實驗，1995年定名“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)”早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)芋(yu)(yu)（閩認菜(cai)2004002），“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)”早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)芋(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)我國最早(zao)成熟(shu)(shu)的(de)芋(yu)(yu)子(zi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，是(shi)(shi)永定獨(du)具特色(se)的(de)地方(fang)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。 永定“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)”早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)芋(yu)(yu)典型(xing)(xing)特點如下(xia)：該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)屬多(duo)子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。株(zhu)高100厘米左(zuo)右，全生(sheng)育期總葉片數(shu)16-17葉，葉為(wei)盾形，互生(sheng)，葉柄(bing)和葉緣邊呈紫色(se)，葉脈綠色(se)，單(dan)(dan)株(zhu)結芋(yu)(yu)數(shu)一般(ban)8-12個，單(dan)(dan)子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)重60克左(zuo)右，子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)呈卵(luan)型(xing)(xing)，皮(pi)薄(bo)，白芽，肉乳白色(se)，肉質細(xi)嫩(nen)(nen)、粘滑，品(pin)(pin)質優(you)，商(shang)品(pin)(pin)性(xing)好。“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)”早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)芋(yu)(yu)獨(du)具風(feng)味(wei)，肉質細(xi)嫩(nen)(nen)、粘滑，富(fu)含維生(sheng)素E，維生(sheng)素E含量5.2mg/kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，淀粉含量6.5g/100g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，蛋白質含量1g/100g以(yi)(yi)(yi)上。 永定“六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)”早(zao)熟(shu)(shu)芋(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)永定具有地方(fang)特色(se)的(de)優(you)勢品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，該產(chan)業能促進縣(xian)域經濟發展，帶動(dong)農民增(zeng)收的(de)優(you)勢產(chan)業，永定縣(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)十分重視，出臺(tai)了相關扶持政(zheng)(zheng)策，加大(da)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)建(jian)設力度，預計到2016年種(zhong)植規模為(wei)4.5萬畝，直接帶動(dong)農戶(hu)每(mei)畝增(zeng)收2500元。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況：地處(chu)中亞熱帶(dai)向南(nan)亞熱帶(dai)過(guo)渡地段(duan)，屬亞熱帶(dai)海洋(yang)性季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)，夏無酷暑，冬無嚴寒。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)20.1℃，極端最高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)為(wei)39.2℃，極端最低溫(wen)為(wei)-4.8℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降雨量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1606.9mm，最多降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)2479.8mm（1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)），最少(shao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)為(wei)1157.7mm（1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)），雨量(liang)(liang)充沛。永(yong)定(ding)縣全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照總時數(shu)平(ping)均為(wei)2024.6小時，日照百分率為(wei)46%。本縣南(nan)北(bei)(bei)緯度(du)跨越不大，日出(chu)日沒時刻(ke)相差(cha)只1～2分鐘，年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)霜(shuang)日數(shu)平(ping)均為(wei)13天。環(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)達(da)到(dao)國家環(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質量(liang)(liang)GB3095-1966二(er)級以上(shang)標準(zhun)。縣內地勢東北(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)低，東南(nan)與西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)巒重疊，使(shi)全(quan)(quan)縣成為(wei)典型的(de)丘(qiu)陵山(shan)(shan)地。由于西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)多高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)能阻擋(dang)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)寒流南(nan)下，東南(nan)部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)可阻擋(dang)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)臺風(feng)侵(qin)襲，地勢由東北(bei)(bei)向西(xi)(xi)南(nan)逐步傾斜，有(you)利(li)于冷空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)排泄和海洋(yang)暖流輸入，使(shi)永(yong)定(ding)縣有(you)優越的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件。 

2、水(shui)(shui)文情況：永(yong)定縣溪河(he)(he)均屬山區河(he)(he)流，分別屬于(yu)汀(ting)(ting)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、梅河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、梅江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)、九龍江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)。有四(si)大河(he)(he)：分別是永(yong)定河(he)(he)、金豐溪、黃潭河(he)(he)、汀(ting)(ting)江(jiang)干(gan)流。地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)蓄量(liang)充沛，水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達(da)到國家農田灌溉水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)標準(zhun)GB 5084-92二級以上標準(zhun)。 

3、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)和(he)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被：全(quan)縣耕地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分(fen)旱(han)地(di)(di)和(he)水田(tian)兩種(zhong)，旱(han)地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有灰紅(hong)泥(ni)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)五個(ge)類(lei)型，以紅(hong)泥(ni)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)最大，占耕地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3.88%；水田(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)有26個(ge)類(lei)型，以淺灰黃(huang)泥(ni)田(tian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)最大，其次為黃(huang)泥(ni)田(tian)，共占耕地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)57.66%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質含量(liang)(liang)較為豐富，根(gen)據對(dui)全(quan)縣的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)化驗分(fen)析(xi)：有機質含量(liang)(liang)在(zai)6.6～75.0g／kg之間，平均值為38.1 g／kg。有機質含量(liang)(liang)豐富(>30g／kg)的(de)(de)樣點(dian)數占86.6％，而有機質含量(liang)(liang)缺乏(<20g／kg)的(de)(de)樣點(dian)數僅(jin)占0.87％，說明本區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質含量(liang)(liang)是比(bi)較豐富的(de)(de)。在(zai)河谷沖(chong)積(ji)地(di)(di)帶，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、疏(shu)松，比(bi)較適于永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)“六月紅(hong)”早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)芋(yu)生(sheng)長。 永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)縣植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被完好，森林覆蓋(gai)率達7３％。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物資(zi)源(yuan)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多，據調查，有山地(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物162科1027種(zhong)，栽(zai)培(pei)果樹２８種(zhong)。 永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)獨特的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌形成(cheng)了(le)(le)獨特農(nong)田(tian)生(sheng)態和(he)氣候(hou)條件，為永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)“六月紅(hong)”早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)芋(yu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長提供了(le)(le)優越的(de)(de)條件，造就了(le)(le)永(yong)(yong)定(ding)(ding)“六月紅(hong)”早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)芋(yu)特性與獨特的(de)(de)品質。

三.地域范圍

永定縣(xian)(xian)位于(yu)福建省(sheng)西(xi)南部，介于(yu)北緯24°23′～25°05′、東(dong)(dong)(dong)經116°25′～117°05′之間。東(dong)(dong)(dong)連南靖縣(xian)(xian)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)南與(yu)平和縣(xian)(xian)交界(jie)，西(xi)南與(yu)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)大埔縣(xian)(xian)、梅縣(xian)(xian)接壤，西(xi)北與(yu)上杭縣(xian)(xian)相連，東(dong)(dong)(dong)北與(yu)新羅區毗鄰。全境東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)最寬距離(li)68公(gong)(gong)里(li)，南北最長距離(li)80公(gong)(gong)里(li)，總面(mian)積2223平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。地域范圍包(bao)括全縣(xian)(xian)轄10個(ge)鎮、14個(ge)鄉。永定六(liu)月(yue)紅(hong)早熟芋(yu)保護面(mian)積2223平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)，生產面(mian)積2100公(gong)(gong)頃，年產量4.2萬噸，年銷(xiao)售收(shou)入1億元(yuan)。

四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、外在(zai)感官特(te)征：永定六(liu)月紅早熟芋屬多子芋類型(xing)。株高100厘米左右(you)，全生(sheng)育(yu)期總葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)數16-17葉(xie)(xie)(xie)，葉(xie)(xie)(xie)為盾形，互(hu)生(sheng)，葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)和葉(xie)(xie)(xie)緣邊呈(cheng)紫(zi)色(se)，葉(xie)(xie)(xie)脈(mo)綠色(se)，單株結芋數一般8-12個，單子芋重(zhong)60克左右(you)，子芋呈(cheng)卵型(xing)，皮薄，白芽，肉(rou)乳白色(se)。 

2、內(nei)在(zai)品質指標：永(yong)定六(liu)月紅早(zao)熟芋獨具風(feng)味，肉質細(xi)嫩、粘滑。六(liu)月紅早(zao)熟芋富含維生(sheng)素(su)(su)E，維生(sheng)素(su)(su)E含量5.2mg/kg以上，淀粉含量6.5g/100g以上，蛋白質含量1g/100g以上。 

3、安全要求(qiu)：永定(ding)六(liu)月紅早(zao)熟芋(yu)執行《NY5221-2005無公害(hai)食品薯(shu)芋(yu)類蔬菜》標準。

五.特定生(sheng)產(chan)方式

1、種植準備 整地作(zuo)畦(qi)：芋田(tian)(tian)應選(xuan)擇土壤肥(fei)沃、透水性好的水田(tian)(tian)或者旱地。芋田(tian)(tian)應進行深翻、曬白，整畦(qi)前每(mei)畝(mu)施消石灰(hui)50～75kg，作(zuo)畦(qi)規(gui)格為(wei)畦(qi)帶溝130cm ，畦(qi)高(gao)25cm以(yi)上。基(ji)肥(fei)每(mei)畝(mu)用腐(fu)熟有(you)機肥(fei)1500kg，硫(liu)酸(suan)鎂3～5kg，硼砂1kg，硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀10kg，過磷酸(suan)鈣(gai)50kg，拌勻堆(dui)漚(ou)7～10天，采(cai)取穴施。每(mei)畝(mu)種植3000株，即株距為(wei)35 cm，行距為(wei)65cm。定植時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)11月上旬至1月上旬。 

2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技術(shu)要求(qiu) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植前種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)曬2～4天，并(bing)(bing)去除(chu)(chu)(chu)芽頂部(bu)的鱗片毛(mao)。剔除(chu)(chu)(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)危害(hai)或機械傷的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽大(da)小分(fen)級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)殺蟲(chong)、滅菌處理(li)：將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)放入40%樂(le)果(guo)乳劑一(yi)份加(jia)50%多菌靈可(ke)濕性粉劑一(yi)份配(pei)成800倍藥液(ye)中，浸泡(pao)5～8分(fen)鐘(zhong)撈起晾干(gan)(gan)(gan)即可(ke)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植深度(du)(du)8～10cm。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)蓋(gai)土(tu)至芽頂2cm。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)田全園(yuan)噴(pen)灑除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑，每畝用(yong)(yong)50%丁草(cao)胺乳油100ml加(jia)水(shui)(shui)噴(pen)霧，畦面(mian)(mian)過干(gan)(gan)(gan)應加(jia)大(da)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)田畦連邊地(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋(gai)。 科(ke)學管(guan)水(shui)(shui)：采(cai)用(yong)(yong)獨特(te)的水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)促控技術(shu)。5葉前保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤表土(tu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)，3cm以下見(jian)濕。結(jie)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)及子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)持(chi)畦面(mian)(mian)見(jian)黑不見(jian)白。子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)成熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)壤表土(tu)見(jian)白不見(jian)黑，溝(gou)底見(jian)黑不見(jian)白。 中耕(geng)、除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)、培土(tu)：第(di)8～9葉期(qi)(qi)(qi)，結(jie)合追(zhui)施(shi)結(jie)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)清(qing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)地(di)(di)膜(mo)，填平種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植穴。第(di)11～13葉期(qi)(qi)(qi)，結(jie)合施(shi)子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)，培土(tu)高度(du)(du)5cm。第(di)11～15葉期(qi)(qi)(qi)，中耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)(chu)草(cao)，除(chu)(chu)(chu)壓側芽，培土(tu)高至10cm。 病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治：從無病(bing)、健壯芋(yu)(yu)(yu)田中選留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)。要求(qiu)水(shui)(shui)旱輪(lun)作，旱地(di)(di)要求(qiu)隔(ge)年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。發(fa)病(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)，發(fa)現病(bing)株(zhu)立即拔掉病(bing)株(zhu)，集中燒毀，并(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)石灰(hui)對病(bing)穴及周圍土(tu)壤進行(xing)清(qing)毒。施(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)用(yong)(yong)充分(fen)腐(fu)熟有(you)(you)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，避免(mian)偏施(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，加(jia)強肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高畦栽(zai)培，清(qing)溝(gou)排漬。主(zhu)要病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)有(you)(you)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)疫病(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)污(wu)斑(ban)病(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)軟腐(fu)病(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)炭疽(ju)病(bing)、蚜蟲(chong)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)單線(xian)天蛾、蠐螬。農(nong)藥不得使(shi)用(yong)(yong)無公(gong)害(hai)蔬菜禁用(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥。 

3、芋田管理 破膜(mo)(mo)引苗：芋出苗后(hou)在每株芽頂的(de)膜(mo)(mo)上用(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)刀(dao)劃開(kai)一個小(xiao)口引苗伸出，并(bing)隨即用(yong)(yong)(yong)泥(ni)土封嚴揭(jie)口。 肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)：全(quan)期(qi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料參考(kao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)即尿素26kg，過磷酸(suan)鈣50kg，硫酸(suan)鉀24kg。第(di)1～2葉(xie)(xie)展開(kai)時(shi)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)提苗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)占氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總量(liang)(liang)的(de)20%，水(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。第(di)5～6葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)發棵肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)占氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總量(liang)(liang)30%水(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。第(di)8～9葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)結芋肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)占氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總量(liang)(liang)50%，芋株外9cm二邊開(kai)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)。第(di)11～13葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)子芋膨大肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，以鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主，除基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)外，其余鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)部(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)，在芋株外12～15cm 二邊開(kai)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)。 

4、產(chan)品(pin)收獲及(ji)產(chan)后(hou)處理：根(gen)據子(zi)芋產(chan)量及(ji)市場行(xing)情和(he)顧(gu)客對產(chan)品(pin)的要(yao)求進行(xing)適(shi)時采收。芋葉全部(bu)變黃衰(shuai)敗，母芋、子(zi)芋根(gen)系枯萎是(shi)子(zi)芋成熟(shu)的標志。選擇晴天采收，除去殘根(gen)、須根(gen)和(he)泥(ni)土，晾干(gan)表面水分。同批產(chan)品(pin)可按(an)大(da)(每顆100g以上)、中(zhong)(50～100g)、小(小于50g)分級(ji)(ji)，或按(an)購銷合同定(ding)級(ji)(ji)。 

5、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄：永(yong)定“六月紅”早(zao)熟(shu)芋的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)全(quan)過程，要建立田間生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)檔案(an)，全(quan)面記載并妥(tuo)善保存(cun)，以備查閱。不(bu)得施用國家明(ming)令禁止使用的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留和淘汰(tai)的(de)(de)(de)農業投入品(pin)，嚴禁任何單位和個人在生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地推廣未經國家審定、登記、批準(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)農業投入品(pin)，以確保產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)與(yu)質量安全(quan)。