外貌特征
南江黃(huang)(huang)羊(yang)被毛黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se),毛短而富有(you)(you)光澤,面部(bu)毛色(se)(se)黃(huang)(huang)黑,鼻梁(liang)兩側有(you)(you)一對(dui)稱的淺色(se)(se)條(tiao)(tiao)紋,公羊(yang)頸(jing)部(bu)及前胸著生黑黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)粗(cu)長(chang)被毛,自枕部(bu)沿背脊有(you)(you)一條(tiao)(tiao)黑色(se)(se)毛帶,十字部(bu)后漸淺;頭大適中(zhong),鼻微拱,有(you)(you)角或(huo)無角;體軀略呈圓桶形,頸(jing)長(chang)度適中(zhong),前胸深廣(guang)、肋骨(gu)開張,背腰平直,四(si)肢粗(cu)壯。
生活習性
成(cheng)年公(gong)羊(yang)體重40~55千(qian)克,母羊(yang)34~46千(qian)克。公(gong)、母羔平(ping)均初生重為(wei)2.28千(qian)克,2月齡體重公(gong)羔為(wei)9~13.5千(qian)克,母羔為(wei)8~11.5千(qian)克。
南(nan)江黃羊初生至(zhi)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)齡日增(zeng)重公(gong)羔為(wei)(wei)120~180克(ke)(ke),母(mu)羔為(wei)(wei)100~150克(ke)(ke);至(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)齡日增(zeng)重公(gong)羔為(wei)(wei)85~150克(ke)(ke),母(mu)羔為(wei)(wei)60~110克(ke)(ke);至(zhi)周歲(sui)日增(zeng)重公(gong)羔為(wei)(wei)35~80克(ke)(ke),母(mu)羔為(wei)(wei)21~36克(ke)(ke)。南(nan)江黃羊8月(yue)(yue)(yue)齡羯羊平均(jun)胴(dong)體重為(wei)(wei)10.78千(qian)克(ke)(ke),周歲(sui)羯羊平均(jun)胴(dong)體重15千(qian)克(ke)(ke),屠宰(zai)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)49%,凈肉率(lv)38%。
南江黃羊性成熟早,3~5月齡(ling)初次發情(qing)(qing),母(mu)羊6~8月齡(ling)體重(zhong)達(da)25千(qian)克開始(shi)配種,公羊12~18月齡(ling)體重(zhong)達(da)35千(qian)克參加配種。成年母(mu)羊四季發情(qing)(qing),發情(qing)(qing)周期平均(jun)為19.5天,妊娠期148天,產羔率200%左右。
選種(zhong)關選購好(hao)(hao)種(zhong)苗是養殖成(cheng)功的(de)(de)關鍵 要選擇精神狀況好(hao)(hao),體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)健壯,毛色純正,光(guang)亮,膘體(ti)(ti)好(hao)(hao),品(pin)種(zhong)純,生產性(xing)能好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)羊(yang)作為(wei)種(zhong)羊(yang)。疫區的(de)(de)羊(yang)、雜交后代羊(yang)、有嚴(yan)重生理缺陷(xian)或嚴(yan)重遺傳(chuan)性(xing)疾病的(de)(de)羊(yang)均(jun)不能作為(wei)種(zhong)羊(yang)。選種(zhong)時,最好(hao)(hao)請有經驗的(de)(de)專業(ye)技(ji)術人員參加。
采食特點
南江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)于有(you)長而(er)(er)(er)靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薄唇(chun),下切(qie)齒(chi)向(xiang)外弓而(er)(er)(er)銳(rui)利(li),上顎平整而(er)(er)(er)堅,便(bian)于采(cai)(cai)食(shi)切(qie)斷牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。南江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)種(zhong)類很多(duo),據有(you)關(guan)資料統計(ji),在(zai)(zai)(zai)655種(zhong)植物(wu)(wu)中,南江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能利(li)用(yong)(yong)達(da)五百多(duo)種(zhong),占80%,比牛利(li)用(yong)(yong)植物(wu)(wu)率(lv)多(duo)28%.南江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)對粗(cu)(cu)(cu)纖維含(han)量(liang)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作物(wu)(wu)秸稈利(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)可達(da)70%.最喜(xi)歡(huan)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)纖維少而(er)(er)(er)含(han)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木(mu)嫩枝葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。采(cai)(cai)食(shi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)集中在(zai)(zai)(zai)白天,采(cai)(cai)食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開始與日出密(mi)切(qie)相(xiang)關(guan)。每天它們只(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內攝食(shi)量(liang)很大,而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)其他時(shi)(shi)間(jian)進行反芻、休(xiu)息。據測定(ding)(ding)(ding),每天清(qing)(qing)晨和(he)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)昏(hun)時(shi)(shi)間(jian),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)量(liang)很大。此(ci)外,南江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)性也隨季(ji)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化而(er)(er)(er)變(bian)(bian)化。春季(ji)、牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)剛剛萌發,樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)枝變(bian)(bian)青綠(lv),此(ci)時(shi)(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)不(bu)(bu)挑剔,夏、秋季(ji)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)繁茂時(shi)(shi),則(ze)開始選擇性采(cai)(cai)食(shi)。對禾本科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),hn-mc墨西哥玉米(mi)草(cao)(cao)(cao),喜(xi)歡(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)揚花抽穗(sui)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)食(shi);對豆科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)hn-mc苜蓿(xu),喜(xi)歡(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)子(zi)粒(li)豐(feng)熟時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)食(shi);對樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)枝、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),喜(xi)歡(huan)新生(sheng)、嫩綠(lv)時(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)。末秋植物(wu)(wu)由(you)青變(bian)(bian)黃(huang)(huang)(huang),這時(shi)(shi)南江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)先(xian)挑食(shi)青綠(lv)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。冬季(ji),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以吃落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)秸稈為(wei)主。南江(jiang)(jiang)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)喜(xi)歡(huan)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),如槐(huai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、榆(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、紫(zi)穗(sui)槐(huai)、白楊(yang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、枸樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、合歡(huan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、桑樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、柞樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)等。這些(xie)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)中粗(cu)(cu)(cu)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)按干(gan)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)算都在(zai)(zai)(zai)20%左右,無(wu)毒(du),營養(yang)豐(feng)富,是羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)抓膘和(he)冬季(ji)保膘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)來源。所以每當(dang)寒(han)冬臘月羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群不(bu)(bu)能遠牧(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)可將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)趕至樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林、河灘、道路兩旁(pang)采(cai)(cai)食(shi)這些(xie)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。有(you)些(xie)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)含(han)有(you)單寧,有(you)澀味,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)愛吃。夾竹桃葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、蓖麻葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、漆樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)有(you)毒(du),要嚴禁飼喂(wei)。對于天然牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)資源豐(feng)富、采(cai)(cai)取全圈(quan)養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)困難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)戶,可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)方(fang)式養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。此(ci)法管理比較(jiao)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)放(fang),但對重胎、哺乳母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)育肥羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)也應于歸牧(mu)(mu)后補喂(wei)一定(ding)(ding)(ding)精料,其余羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)以牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)日糧,全群應供給(gei)清(qing)(qing)潔飲水,補喂(wei)食(shi)鹽或人尿。
種群分布
是四(si)川(chuan)南江縣經過(guo)7年選育而(er)成,經過(guo)長期(qi)的選育而(er)成的肉用型(xing)山羊品種,產于四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)南江縣。