外貌特征
南江黃羊(yang)被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)黃色(se),毛(mao)(mao)(mao)短而富有光澤,面部(bu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)色(se)黃黑,鼻(bi)梁(liang)兩側有一對稱(cheng)的淺色(se)條(tiao)紋,公(gong)羊(yang)頸部(bu)及前(qian)胸(xiong)著生黑黃色(se)粗長被毛(mao)(mao)(mao),自枕部(bu)沿(yan)背脊有一條(tiao)黑色(se)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)帶(dai),十字(zi)部(bu)后漸淺;頭(tou)大(da)適中(zhong),鼻(bi)微拱,有角或無角;體軀略呈圓桶形,頸長度適中(zhong),前(qian)胸(xiong)深廣、肋(lei)骨開(kai)張,背腰平直(zhi),四(si)肢粗壯。
生活習性
成年公(gong)(gong)羊體重(zhong)40~55千(qian)(qian)克,母(mu)羊34~46千(qian)(qian)克。公(gong)(gong)、母(mu)羔(gao)(gao)平(ping)均初生重(zhong)為2.28千(qian)(qian)克,2月齡體重(zhong)公(gong)(gong)羔(gao)(gao)為9~13.5千(qian)(qian)克,母(mu)羔(gao)(gao)為8~11.5千(qian)(qian)克。
南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)黃羊(yang)初生至2月齡日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)為120~180克(ke),母(mu)羔(gao)(gao)為100~150克(ke);至6月齡日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)為85~150克(ke),母(mu)羔(gao)(gao)為60~110克(ke);至周歲日(ri)(ri)增(zeng)(zeng)重(zhong)公(gong)羔(gao)(gao)為35~80克(ke),母(mu)羔(gao)(gao)為21~36克(ke)。南(nan)江(jiang)(jiang)黃羊(yang)8月齡羯(jie)羊(yang)平均胴體重(zhong)為10.78千克(ke),周歲羯(jie)羊(yang)平均胴體重(zhong)15千克(ke),屠宰率為49%,凈(jing)肉率38%。
南江黃羊性成熟早(zao),3~5月齡(ling)初次發(fa)情,母羊6~8月齡(ling)體(ti)重(zhong)達25千克開始(shi)配種,公羊12~18月齡(ling)體(ti)重(zhong)達35千克參加配種。成年母羊四季發(fa)情,發(fa)情周(zhou)期平(ping)均為19.5天(tian),妊娠期148天(tian),產羔率(lv)200%左(zuo)右。
選(xuan)(xuan)種關選(xuan)(xuan)購好種苗是養(yang)殖(zhi)成(cheng)功的關鍵 要選(xuan)(xuan)擇精神狀況好,體質健壯,毛色純正,光亮,膘體好,品種純,生產(chan)性(xing)能好的羊(yang)作為種羊(yang)。疫區的羊(yang)、雜交后代羊(yang)、有(you)嚴重生理(li)缺陷或嚴重遺傳(chuan)性(xing)疾(ji)病的羊(yang)均不能作為種羊(yang)。選(xuan)(xuan)種時(shi),最好請有(you)經驗的專業技(ji)術人員參加。
采食特點
南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)黃羊由于(yu)有長而(er)(er)靈活的(de)(de)薄唇,下切齒(chi)向外(wai)(wai)弓而(er)(er)銳利(li)(li),上顎平整而(er)(er)堅,便于(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)切斷牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)黃羊采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)種類很多(duo)(duo),據有關資料(liao)統計,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)655種植(zhi)物(wu)中,南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)黃羊能利(li)(li)用(yong)達(da)五(wu)百多(duo)(duo)種,占80%,比牛利(li)(li)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)率多(duo)(duo)28%.南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)黃羊對(dui)(dui)粗纖(xian)維含量(liang)高(gao)的(de)(de)作物(wu)秸(jie)稈利(li)(li)用(yong)率可達(da)70%.最喜歡(huan)(huan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)粗纖(xian)維少(shao)而(er)(er)含蛋白(bai)(bai)質多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)木嫩(nen)枝葉。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間大部分(fen)集(ji)中在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)白(bai)(bai)天(tian),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)開始與日出密切相關。每天(tian)它們只是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間內攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)很大,而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)他時(shi)(shi)(shi)間進行反芻、休息。據測定(ding),每天(tian)清晨(chen)和(he)黃昏時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,羊的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)很大。此外(wai)(wai),南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)黃羊的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)性也隨季(ji)節(jie)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)而(er)(er)變(bian)化(hua)。春季(ji)、牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)剛剛萌發,樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)枝變(bian)青(qing)綠,此時(shi)(shi)(shi)羊采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)不挑(tiao)剔,夏、秋(qiu)季(ji)牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)繁茂(mao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),則(ze)開始選擇性采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。對(dui)(dui)禾本(ben)科牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),hn-mc墨西(xi)哥玉米(mi)草(cao)(cao)(cao),喜歡(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)揚花抽穗時(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi);對(dui)(dui)豆(dou)科牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)hn-mc苜蓿,喜歡(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)子粒豐(feng)熟時(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi);對(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)枝、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉,喜歡(huan)(huan)新生、嫩(nen)綠時(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。末秋(qiu)植(zhi)物(wu)由青(qing)變(bian)黃,這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)黃羊先(xian)挑(tiao)食(shi)(shi)(shi)青(qing)綠部分(fen)。冬(dong)季(ji),羊以吃落(luo)葉、雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)秸(jie)稈為(wei)主。南(nan)(nan)(nan)江(jiang)黃羊喜歡(huan)(huan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉,如槐樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉、榆樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉、紫穗槐、白(bai)(bai)楊葉、枸樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉、合歡(huan)(huan)葉、桑(sang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉、柞樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉等。這(zhe)些樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉中粗蛋白(bai)(bai)質含量(liang)按干(gan)物(wu)質計算都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20%左右,無毒(du),營養(yang)豐(feng)富,是羊抓膘和(he)冬(dong)季(ji)保(bao)膘的(de)(de)物(wu)質來源(yuan)。所以每當寒冬(dong)臘月羊群不能遠牧(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)可將羊趕至樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)林(lin)、河灘、道(dao)路兩旁(pang)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)些樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉。有些樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉含有單(dan)寧,有澀味,羊不愛吃。夾竹(zhu)桃葉、蓖(bi)麻葉、漆(qi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉有毒(du),要嚴禁(jin)飼喂。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)天(tian)然牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取全(quan)圈養(yang)羊有困(kun)難的(de)(de)養(yang)羊戶,可采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)放牧(mu)(mu)方式養(yang)羊。此法管(guan)理比較粗放,但對(dui)(dui)重胎、哺乳(ru)母羊、種公羊和(he)育肥(fei)羊也應(ying)于(yu)歸牧(mu)(mu)后補(bu)(bu)喂一定(ding)精(jing)料(liao),其(qi)余羊只以牧(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)日糧,全(quan)群應(ying)供給(gei)清潔(jie)飲水,補(bu)(bu)喂食(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽或人尿。
種群分布
是四川(chuan)南(nan)江縣(xian)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)7年選(xuan)育而成,經(jing)過(guo)(guo)長(chang)期的(de)選(xuan)育而成的(de)肉用型(xing)山羊(yang)品種,產于四川(chuan)省南(nan)江縣(xian)。