一.產品介紹
解放初期,烏蘭縣飼養的綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)蒙系羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)及少量(liang)蒙、藏系混血羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體質(zhi)健壯,適應性強(qiang),耐粗料(liao),所產羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)為(wei)較好的地毯毛(mao)原(yuan)料(liao),但生(sheng)產性能(neng)低,為(wei)支(zhi)援國(guo)家毛(mao)紡工業,提(ti)高養殖效益,改善牧(mu)區人民生(sheng)活。烏蘭縣從(cong)1956年開始(shi)進行綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改良工作,首先在茶卡(ka)地區推(tui)廣,主要引進的父系品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有新疆細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、茨(ci)蓋半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、英(ying)國(guo)和新西蘭羅姆尼—瑪許半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。1987年6月15日,青(qing)海(hai)省農牧(mu)廳和省科委(wei)共同組織省內外養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)專家到烏蘭縣茶卡(ka)鎮牧(mu)區進行了現場鑒(jian)定驗收。同年8月6日,青(qing)海(hai)省人民政(zheng)府決定命名培育的半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)“青(qing)海(hai)高原(yuan)毛(mao)肉兼用半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。2014年由烏蘭縣那仁生(sheng)態畜牧(mu)業專業合作社將“青(qing)海(hai)高原(yuan)毛(mao)肉兼用半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”成功申報國(guo)家農產品(pin)地理標志(zhi),登記名稱為(wei)“烏蘭茶卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:烏蘭境(jing)內的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要是(shi):高(gao)(gao)山(shan)寒漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)草原土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)灌叢草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰棕(zong)漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕(zong)鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及沼澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等九種土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)。烏蘭縣地(di)(di)勢西北(bei)高(gao)(gao)東南低,形成波浪形狹長傾斜走向,四周環山(shan),中(zhong)間平(ping)坦,屬山(shan)間盆地(di)(di)。平(ping)均海(hai)拔(ba)4000米以左右。最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)哇洪山(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)5031米,最(zui)(zui)底為(wei)素(su)楞郭(guo)勒,海(hai)拔(ba)2725米,相(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)差2306米,水平(ping)和垂直(zhi)方向的變化十分顯著,為(wei)典型(xing)的立體地(di)(di)形。
2、水文情況:烏蘭縣境內河流均(jun)為(wei)內陸水系,較大河流有5條(tiao),地(di)表徑流主要(yao)來(lai)源于(yu)山(shan)區降水和高(gao)山(shan)融雪、融凍(dong)水。境內地(di)表水多年平均(jun)徑流量(liang)2.09億立方米,其(qi)中希賽盆地(di)0.99億立方米,茶卡盆地(di)1.1億立方米。河流礦化度為(wei)0.2-0.7克/升,PH值為(wei)7.5-8,地(di)表水水質良,對人體有害物質均(jun)未(wei)超標。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:烏(wu)蘭縣(xian)地(di)勢高峻,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候干(gan)燥(zao),冬季(ji)(ji)漫長,干(gan)燥(zao)寒(han)冷(leng),春季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)回升快,夏季(ji)(ji)短暫溫(wen)(wen)涼,秋季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)逐漸變(bian)冷(leng),全年降(jiang)(jiang)水量少,無霜期(qi)(qi)短,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,太陽輻射強烈,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差雨熱同季(ji)(ji)。光照(zhao)(zhao):烏(wu)蘭縣(xian)年平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)2869-3113小時,年平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百分率為65%-70%,光照(zhao)(zhao)資(zi)源豐富,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)長,十分有利(li)各(ge)種飼牧(mu)及草(cao)農作物的光和作用。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen):年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)1.6 OC -3.3OC,極端最高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)達30.7OC,極端最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-30.7OC,年降(jiang)(jiang)雨量182.4mm。
4、人(ren)文歷(li)(li)史情況:烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)處青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)中部,地(di)(di)跨西(xi)(xi)秦(qin)嶺華力(li)西(xi)(xi)—印支(zhi)地(di)(di)槽(cao)(cao)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)帶(dai)和東(dong)昆侖華力(li)西(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)槽(cao)(cao)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)帶(dai)兩大(da)構造單(dan)元,北與祁連加(jia)里(li)東(dong)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)系(xi)相連,南(nan)及柴達木(mu)坳陷(xian)北緣,烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)歷(li)(li)史悠久(jiu),周(zhou)秦(qin)時為(wei)(wei)羌人(ren)駐牧地(di)(di)。西(xi)(xi)漢(han)元始四年(nian)(nian)(nian),安(an)漢(han)公王(wang)莽(mang)在環湖地(di)(di)區置西(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)郡(jun),今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬西(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)郡(jun)轄(xia)。公元4世紀(ji)初,成為(wei)(wei)吐(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)屬地(di)(di)。隋(sui)大(da)業五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(609),隨軍擊(ji)敗吐(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun),置四郡(jun),今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬海(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)宣德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)轄(xia),隋(sui)末,吐(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)復據(ju)地(di)(di)。唐貞(zhen)觀(guan)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(635)唐將率兵擊(ji)敗吐(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun),今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)成為(wei)(wei)唐朝藩(fan)屬。龍朔三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(663),吐(tu)蕃(fan)王(wang)國滅吐(tu)谷(gu)渾(hun)據(ju)有其(qi)地(di)(di),今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)地(di)(di)區隸吐(tu)蕃(fan)臘城(cheng)節度(du)使。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)(xing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良,當年(nian)(nian)(nian)引進高(gao)(gao)加(jia)索美利奴細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)(xing)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良,向(xiang)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方向(xiang)發展,方法是簡(jian)單(dan)的級進雜交。1963年(nian)(nian)(nian)確定(ding)向(xiang)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方向(xiang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良。1971年(nian)(nian)(nian),從青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)湖東(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)和安(an)徽大(da)柳種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)引進英國和新(xin)(xin)西(xi)(xi)蘭(lan)(lan)羅姆尼——瑪許長毛(mao)(mao)(mao)型種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)(xing)配種(zhong)(zhong)。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良地(di)(di)區均實(shi)現綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良雜種(zhong)(zhong)化。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月,經(jing)省(sheng)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)委員會鑒定(ding)驗收(shou),重點綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)區巴(ba)音(yin)鄉(現在與茶(cha)卡鎮合并)的綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),達到(dao)(dao)和超(chao)過(guo)育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)指(zhi)標(biao),通過(guo)驗收(shou)并被青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)人(ren)民政府(fu)命名為(wei)(wei)“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”,因該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)最早在茶(cha)卡地(di)(di)區改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong),因此當地(di)(di)老百姓稱其(qi)為(wei)(wei)“茶(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian),農(nong)業部將烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)商品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。育(yu)成的羅茨新(xin)(xin)蒙型半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適應當地(di)(di)高(gao)(gao)寒、干旱、缺(que)氧的自(zi)然環境,耐粗放(fang)管理,能登山遠牧,抓膘快(kuai),保膘好(hao),有較強的抗病能力(li),遺傳性能穩定(ding)。改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)革開放(fang)以來,青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)(jian)用(yong)半細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(茶(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang))得到(dao)(dao)快(kuai)速發展。據(ju)統(tong)計,1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄15.84萬(wan)只,到(dao)(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)綿(mian)(mian)(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄25.23萬(wan)只。茶(cha)卡地(di)(di)區現有茶(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10萬(wan)只,其(qi)中能繁母畜6萬(wan)只,到(dao)(dao)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養(yang)量達到(dao)(dao)41.4萬(wan)只。2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)通過(guo)招商引資組建了“青(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)高(gao)(gao)原肉(rou)(rou)食品(pin)有限公司(si)”,開展羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)系(xi)列(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)。已開發有“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)串”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)餡”等系(xi)列(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)于(yu)2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)注冊“茶(cha)卡洋”牌(pai)商標(biao)。經(jing)過(guo)幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)發展,已初步形(xing)成生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、加(jia)工(gong)、銷售的茶(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)業鏈(lian)條,其(qi)發展前景十分廣(guang)闊。
三.地域范圍
烏(wu)蘭茶卡羊養(yang)殖地域(yu)保(bao)護范(fan)圍(wei)為青海(hai)省烏(wu)蘭縣(xian)茶卡鎮境內。烏(wu)蘭地理坐標(biao)為:東(dong)(dong)經99°01′至99°27′,北緯36°19′至36°20′東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)80公(gong)里(li)(li),南(nan)北長30公(gong)里(li)(li),幅(fu)員面積(ji)12858.16平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。產(chan)地適宜養(yang)植范(fan)圍(wei)東(dong)(dong)經98°54′至99°27′,北緯36°41′至36°50′,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)80公(gong)里(li)(li),南(nan)北寬(kuan)70公(gong)里(li)(li),面積(ji)56平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征(zheng):青(qing)海高原(yuan)毛(mao)(mao)肉(rou)兼用(yong)半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)及半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)改良(liang)羊(yang)的外貌特征(zheng)因選配公羊(yang)而(er)異。今茶卡地區(qu)改良(liang)歷史較長,導入(ru)羅血(xue)后,半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)羊(yang)及半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)(mao)改良(liang)羊(yang)呈傾向羅姆尼——瑪許親本體態,身軀(qu)發育(yu)勻稱,頭短(duan)寬,額寬廣,鼻平直(zhi),嘴短(duan)而(er)粗,肩胛和前驅結合良(liang)好,胸深而(er)廣,筋骨開(kai)張(zhang)良(liang)好,背平直(zhi),十字(zi)部(bu)寬平,臀股部(bu)豐滿,肢偏短(duan),蹄堅實,多呈淡黑色(se)。肉(rou)質(zhi)鮮嫩、口(kou)味純(chun)正、肥而(er)不膩、滑而(er)爽口(kou)、口(kou)感(gan)地道純(chun)正,具(ju)滋補功效(xiao)。是名副其實的純(chun)天然(ran)綠(lv)色(se)食品。
2、內在品(pin)質指標:羊肉品(pin)質優,營養價值(zhi)(zhi)較高(gao)。水(shui)分≥65.0%,總(zong)蛋白22~28.0%(實(shi)際值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)28%);總(zong)脂肪(fang)4.0~5.5%(實(shi)際值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)6.0%);粗纖維≤0.15%(實(shi)際值(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)0.1%);膽固醇≤700mg/kg;富含17種氨基(ji)酸(suan),氨基(ji)酸(suan)總(zong)量19.01%。
3、安全要(yao)求(qiu):衛生指標(biao)執行NY5147-2002《無公(gong)害食品(pin)羊(yang)肉(rou)》標(biao)準規定。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地選擇與(yu)特(te)殊內(nei)容規定:烏蘭茶(cha)卡(ka)羊生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)在烏蘭縣(xian)茶(cha)卡(ka)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)的原生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)具(ju)有(you)獨特(te)的氣候、純天(tian)然(ran)、無(wu)污染的優(you)良天(tian)然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)(zhi)。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)無(wu)工業污染,土(tu)壤(rang)、空(kong)氣、水質(zhi)(zhi)均優(you),原生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)良好。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原以山(shan)地草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、高(gao)寒(han)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、山(shan)地荒漠類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、高(gao)寒(han)荒漠類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、山(shan)地草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、高(gao)寒(han)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)、沼澤類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)等(deng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)類(lei)型(xing),植被多樣且豐(feng)富,有(you)禾本科(ke)、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科(ke)、豆科(ke)、藜科(ke)、菊科(ke)等(deng)眾多天(tian)然(ran)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)品種(zhong),主要優(you)中(zhong)等(deng)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)有(you)紫花針茅、早熟禾、垂穗披堿(jian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、扇穗冰草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、細葉苔、矮(ai)嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、貝氏嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、小嵩草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、芨芨草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、賴草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、固沙草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、鹽瓜瓜、紅沙、豬(zhu)毛菜、堿(jian)逢、檉(cheng)柳、梭(suo)梭(suo)等(deng)。為放養茶(cha)卡(ka)羊羊提供了豐(feng)富的飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資源,農戶(hu)所用(yong)的補(bu)飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)、精料(liao)都是當地生(sheng)(sheng)產的秸稈、馬鈴薯和豆類(lei)籽實或粉(fen)碎料(liao)。全(quan)縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)、飲(yin)用(yong)水、大氣土(tu)壤(rang)均符(fu)合(he)《環(huan)境(jing)(jing)空(kong)氣質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準》(GB3095)、《無(wu)公害食品畜(chu)禽飲(yin)用(yong)水水質(zhi)(zhi)》(NY5027-2001)、《綠色食品產地環(huan)境(jing)(jing)技(ji)術條件》(NT/T391-2000)的要求(qiu),非(fei)常適合(he)茶(cha)卡(ka)羊生(sheng)(sheng)產。
2、品(pin)種選擇(ze)與特定要(yao)求(qiu):茶卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)是經過長期的(de)(de)自然選擇(ze)和(he)人工選育(yu)而成的(de)(de),生產中(zhong)選擇(ze)的(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)符合以下(xia)特征和(he)要(yao)求(qiu):體質(zhi)(zhi)堅(jian)實(shi),頭較(jiao)長,著(zhu)(zhu)生刺(ci)毛,頸(jing)較(jiao)細長,前驅發育(yu)較(jiao)差,肩胛部(bu)(bu)稍(shao)高(gao),背平或稍(shao)凹,斜(xie)尻,四肢(zhi)高(gao)而健壯,蹄(ti)質(zhi)(zhi)堅(jian)實(shi)光滑,膝部(bu)(bu)和(he)大(da)腿著(zhu)(zhu)生刺(ci)毛,公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)有螺(luo)旋(xuan)大(da)角,母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)角較(jiao)細小,部(bu)(bu)分無角。成年(nian)(nian)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)體高(gao)比(bi)(bi)(bi)周(zhou)(zhou)歲母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)高(gao)4%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)斷(duan)(duan)奶母羔高(gao)18.3%;比(bi)(bi)(bi)周(zhou)(zhou)歲母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)高(gao)8.1%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)斷(duan)(duan)奶母羔高(gao)9.5%;胸圍比(bi)(bi)(bi)周(zhou)(zhou)歲母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)高(gao)7.3%,比(bi)(bi)(bi)斷(duan)(duan)奶母羔高(gao)19.5%。公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)成年(nian)(nian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)體高(gao)比(bi)(bi)(bi)周(zhou)(zhou)歲公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)高(gao)10.5%,體長高(gao)10.4%。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi):采用(yong)半(ban)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)半(ban)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)式(shi),夏(xia)秋(qiu)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)以放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),食天(tian)然牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)白(bai)天(tian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),晚上進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)適(shi)(shi)當補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。四季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要求(qiu);選(xuan)擇(ze)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)應(ying)根據放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對象、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)綜合(he)思(si)考(kao)。春(chun)節(jie)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)出牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)遲,歸(gui)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)(yi)早,中午(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)回(hui)圈,使(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)吃些草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)以便(bian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)及早恢(hui)復體(ti)力,為(wei)(wei)以后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)抓膘(biao)創造(zao)條(tiao)件。為(wei)(wei)防(fang)(fang)(fang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)因“搶青(qing)”而引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腹(fu)瀉,由東(dong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)春(chun)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)應(ying)逐漸過渡,等羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)消化器(qi)官(guan)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),再充(chong)分放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)青(qing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);應(ying)到(dao)(dao)(dao)高(gao)山(shan)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量延(yan)長放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian),宜(yi)(yi)早出晚歸(gui),使(shi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)盡可(ke)(ke)(ke)能吃飽(bao),中午(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)回(hui)圈,但在(zai)(zai)(zai)最熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou),可(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)擇(ze)高(gao)燥涼爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹蔭(yin)下,讓(rang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)臥憩。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)宜(yi)(yi)晚出晚歸(gui),中午(wu)繼續放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選(xuan)擇(ze)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)豐盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)腰(yao)和(he)山(shan)腳(jiao)地(di)帶放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量利用(yong)較(jiao)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)地(di),抓好(hao)(hao)秋(qiu)膘(biao),利于越冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)區(qu)(qu)或(huo)半(ban)農(nong)半(ban)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)還可(ke)(ke)(ke)到(dao)(dao)(dao)收過莊稼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茬地(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)有(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)補(bu)(bu)(bu)益(yi)。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)勢較(jiao)低和(he)山(shan)巒環抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向陽(yang)平(ping)攤地(di)區(qu)(qu)去放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)過遠(yuan),以便(bian)遇到(dao)(dao)(dao)天(tian)氣驟(zou)(zou)變(bian)(bian)時(shi)(shi)能很(hen)快返場(chang)(chang)(chang),保證羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)(quan)。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務是(shi)(shi)(shi)保膘(biao)、保胎和(he)安全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)很(hen)長,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)足,應(ying)節(jie)約(yue)用(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。應(ying)先(xian)(xian)(xian)遠(yuan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)近,先(xian)(xian)(xian)陰后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)陽(yang),先(xian)(xian)(xian)高(gao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)低,先(xian)(xian)(xian)溝后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)平(ping),玩出晚歸(gui),慢走漫(man)游。由放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)轉為(wei)(wei)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)驟(zou)(zou)變(bian)(bian)改變(bian)(bian),以免(mian)引起便(bian)秘。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)前,最好(hao)(hao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)整群(qun),除老弱(ruo)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)太(tai)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)當淘(tao)汰外,其余按(an)(an)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)狀況組群(qun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze):飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭配按(an)(an)照(zhao)以青(qing)粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),適(shi)(shi)當補(bu)(bu)(bu)充(chong)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)清潔衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)毒無(wu)害。精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根據各(ge)(ge)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)戶生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)食種(zhong)類情(qing)況而定,主(zhu)要用(yong)玉米(mi)、小(xiao)麥等經粉(fen)碎后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)做(zuo)為(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)直接用(yong)玉米(mi)、小(xiao)麥喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。豆(dou)科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)始花(hua)期到(dao)(dao)(dao)盛(sheng)花(hua)期收割(ge),禾(he)(he)本(ben)科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)抽穗(sui)期到(dao)(dao)(dao)花(hua)開期收割(ge),干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬制方(fang)法(fa)采用(yong)田間(jian)自然曬干(gan)(gan)法(fa)或(huo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)于木制架(jia)上曬干(gan)(gan)法(fa)。為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)青(qing)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)率(lv),在(zai)(zai)(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)前將草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)切成3厘米(mi)左右或(huo)打成草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)粉(fen)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)。 管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi):種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)全(quan)(quan)年保證供(gong)給(gei)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),并給(gei)予適(shi)(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動(dong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)配種(zhong)旺季(ji)(ji)(ji),混(hun)合(he)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.2~1.4kg,苜蓿干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2 kg胡蘿卜0.5~1.5kg,食鹽(yan)15~20kg。分2~3次(ci)(ci)給(gei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),飲水(shui)(shui)3~4次(ci)(ci),每(mei)日放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運動(dong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)6h。后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)備種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)與母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)分開飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),便(bian)于補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)及管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)。羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),14d即可(ke)(ke)(ke)訓練(lian)早吃草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),30d以內羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)天(tian)每(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)50~100g,1~2月(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)150g,日喂(wei)2次(ci)(ci)。3~4月(yue)齡補(bu)(bu)(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200g,日喂(wei)2~3次(ci)(ci)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)種(zhong)類應(ying)多(duo)樣化,最好(hao)(hao)有(you)(you)豆(dou)餅、玉米(mi)、麩皮等3種(zhong)以上混(hun)合(he),并可(ke)(ke)(ke)混(hun)入(ru)2%食鹽(yan)和(he)2.5%—3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦物(wu)(wu)質(zhi),另外補(bu)(bu)(bu)喂(wei)優質(zhi)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)多(duo)汁飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi):茶卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong):一是(shi)(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用(yong)天(tian)然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、人工草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)或(huo)秋(qiu)茬地(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),大(da)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)包(bao)括淘(tao)汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公、母(mu)(mu)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)、兩(liang)年未(wei)懷孕不(bu)(bu)能繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空懷母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)禾(he)(he)本(ben)科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)要指斷奶后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)備公羔羊(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)以豆(dou)科(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)一期放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)安排在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下旬(xun)到(dao)(dao)(dao)8月(yue)下旬(xun),則(ze)第(di)(di)一個月(yue)全(quan)(quan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)(di)二(er)個月(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)每(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)每(mei)日200kg,此后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)400kg;第(di)(di)二(er)期放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)安排在(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)上旬(xun)到(dao)(dao)(dao)10月(yue)底,則(ze)第(di)(di)一個月(yue)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200~300k。第(di)(di)二(er)個月(yue)補(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)精(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)500g;二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)育(yu)(yu)肥(fei)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)春(chun)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)枯萎時(shi)(shi)期,或(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)屠(tu)宰短(duan)期內進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing),所用(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)除優良(liang)豆(dou)科(ke)、禾(he)(he)本(ben)科(ke)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)外,還有(you)(you)工業加(jia)工副產(chan)品如酒糟(zao)、油餅以及含淀粉(fen)高(gao)農(nong)副產(chan)品。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病防(fang)(fang)(fang)治:嚴格按(an)(an)照(zhao)國家有(you)(you)關規定進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)蹄疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)注射,根據地(di)方(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)傳染性胸膜(mo)肺炎和(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)四聯(lian)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),所用(yong)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗全(quan)(quan)部來自省、市級動(dong)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)監(jian)督(du)(du)機構。嚴格按(an)(an)照(zhao)《獸(shou)醫管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)條(tiao)例》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準使(shi)用(yong)獸(shou)藥和(he)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苗。在(zai)(zai)(zai)縣動(dong)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)監(jian)督(du)(du)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)和(he)監(jian)督(du)(du)下,由各(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen)畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫員負責疫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)病防(fang)(fang)(fang)治等各(ge)(ge)項具(ju)體(ti)工作。
4、茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屠(tu)宰、加(jia)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu) 茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)屠(tu)宰為人(ren)工(gong)操作(zuo),用尖刀在羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只枕(zhen)寰關節處穿(chuan)刺,切斷脊椎神經(jing),再割斷頸動脈放血(xue),然后(hou)(hou)剝皮(pi),去頭(tou)、蹄,取出內臟,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)腸去除內容物并(bing)洗凈后(hou)(hou)和羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)進行深加(jia)工(gong)或(huo)將(jiang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)剁成(cheng)適(shi)(shi)度大(da)小(xiao)的(de)(de)坨(tuo)(tuo)坨(tuo)(tuo),煮熟后(hou)(hou)即可食用,可不加(jia)任何調(diao)味品,撒少許鹽(yan),也(ye)可撒上適(shi)(shi)量(liang)鹽(yan)、辣椒,花椒等,依(yi)個人(ren)口味而定。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)品深加(jia)工(gong)目前主要(yao)有 “青(qing)(qing)海省藏源(yuan)肉(rou)(rou)食品公(gong)司(si)”、“青(qing)(qing)海省高原(yuan)肉(rou)(rou)食品公(gong)司(si)”兩家企業(ye),主要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)串”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)餡”等“茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)洋”牌系(xi)列產(chan)品,并(bing)上市(shi)銷售(shou),市(shi)場前景(jing)看(kan)好。并(bing)制定有產(chan)品加(jia)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準5、生(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)要(yao)求:烏蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)農牧局專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術(shu)人(ren)員和烏蘭(lan)(lan)縣(xian)那仁郭勒養殖專(zhuan)業(ye)合作(zuo)社負責(ze)茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)產(chan)各環(huan)節的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)培訓與指導、信息服務、質量(liang)監督(du)檢查等方面的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。具(ju)體的(de)(de)現場指導、服務、監督(du)及疫(yi)(yi)病防(fang)治工(gong)作(zuo)由茶(cha)(cha)卡(ka)鎮畜牧獸(shou)(shou)醫站(zhan)組織實(shi)施,重點監督(du)飼料、獸(shou)(shou)藥的(de)(de)使(shi)用,按規定和需要(yao)開展(zhan)口蹄疫(yi)(yi)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)痘、傳染性胸膜(mo)肺炎的(de)(de)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi),建立健(jian)全免疫(yi)(yi)(包括:疫(yi)(yi)苗的(de)(de)名(ming)稱、生(sheng)產(chan)廠家、批(pi)號、劑量(liang)、免疫(yi)(yi)時(shi)間等)、用藥、無害(hai)化處理(li)等養殖檔案(an)記錄(lu),以備查閱。
六.包(bao)裝標(biao)識相關規定
1、技術要求、檢驗方(fang)法、貯藏(zang)和運輸:按(an)照NY5147-2002《無公(gong)害(hai)食品羊肉(rou)》相關要求執行。
2、標(biao)識(shi)和(he)包(bao)裝:標(biao)識(shi)按照《農產品地理標(biao)志管理辦法(fa)》第十四(si)條(tiao)規(gui)定執行(xing);包(bao)裝上(shang)規(gui)范使用農產品地理標(biao)志(烏(wu)蘭縣茶卡羊名稱和(he)公共標(biao)識(shi)圖案(an)組合(he)標(biao)注型式)。