西南手(shou)參作為藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)比較久遠(yuan),在很多少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)的(de)地方藥(yao)(yao)志(zhi)中都(dou)有記(ji)載,諸(zhu)如滇(dian)藥(yao)(yao)、納西藥(yao)(yao)、普(pu)米藥(yao)(yao)、藏藥(yao)(yao)、蒙藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)都(dou)詳細(xi)記(ji)載了手(shou)掌參的(de)補腎益精、理(li)氣止痛(tong)之效。
近些年隨著少(shao)數(shu)民族藥典(dian)的開發(fa)和(he)利用,手掌參(can)得(de)到(dao)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多的關(guan)注。
呈手掌(zhang)狀(zhuang),長1-4.5cm,直徑1-3cm,表(biao)面淺黃色至褐色,有(you)細皺(zhou)紋,頂端有(you)莖(jing)的殘基痕,周圍有(you)點狀(zhuang)痕。
下部有(you)2-6指(zhi)狀(zhuang)分枝,分枝長0.3-2.5cm,直(zhi)徑(jing)2-8mm。
質堅硬(ying),不易(yi)折斷(duan),斷(duan)面(mian)黃白色,角(jiao)質樣。
氣微,味淡,嚼之發黏(nian)。
塊莖(jing)(手參):甘,平。滋(zi)養,生津,止血(xue)。用于(yu)久病體虛,肺虛咳(ke)嗽(sou),失血(xue),久瀉,陽痿(wei)。
西南手參(can)植株(zhu)高17-35厘米。
塊莖(jing)卵狀橢圓形,長(chang)1-3厘(li)米,肉質,下(xia)部掌狀分裂(lie),裂(lie)片細長(chang)。
莖(jing)直立(li),較粗壯,圓柱形,基部具(ju)(ju)(ju)2-3枚筒狀鞘,其上具(ju)(ju)(ju)3-5枚葉,上部具(ju)(ju)(ju)1至數(shu)枚苞片狀小葉。
葉片橢圓形或(huo)橢圓狀長圓形,長4-16厘(li)米,寬(2.5-)3-4.5厘(li)米,先端(duan)鈍或(huo)急尖,基(ji)部收狹成(cheng)抱莖的鞘。
總狀花(hua)(hua)序具(ju)多數密生(sheng)的(de)花(hua)(hua),圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-14厘米(mi);花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)立(li)伸展,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)漸(jian)尖(jian),不成尾(wei)狀,最下部(bu)(bu)的(de)明顯長(chang)(chang)(chang)于花(hua)(hua);子(zi)(zi)房(fang)紡(fang)錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)(bu)稍(shao)弧曲,連花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)7-8毫(hao)米(mi);花(hua)(hua)紫紅色(se)或(huo)(huo)粉(fen)紅色(se),極罕(han)為帶(dai)白色(se);中(zhong)(zhong)萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)直(zhi)立(li),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5毫(hao)米(mi),寬2-3.5毫(hao)米(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun),具(ju)3脈(mo);側(ce)萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)反(fan)折,斜卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),較(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)稍(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)和寬,邊緣(yuan)向外卷,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun),具(ju)3脈(mo),前(qian)面1條(tiao)脈(mo)常具(ju)支脈(mo);花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)直(zhi)立(li),斜寬卵(luan)狀三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)等(deng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)且較(jiao)寬,較(jiao)側(ce)萼片(pian)(pian)(pian)稍(shao)狹,邊緣(yuan)具(ju)波狀齒,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun),具(ju)3脈(mo),前(qian)面的(de)1條(tiao)脈(mo)常具(ju)支脈(mo);唇瓣(ban)向前(qian)伸展,寬倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5毫(hao)米(mi),前(qian)部(bu)(bu)3裂(lie),中(zhong)(zhong)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)較(jiao)側(ce)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)稍(shao)大(da)(da)或(huo)(huo)等(deng)大(da)(da),三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun)或(huo)(huo)稍(shao)尖(jian);距細而長(chang)(chang)(chang),狹圓筒形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),下垂,長(chang)(chang)(chang)7-10毫(hao)米(mi),稍(shao)向前(qian)彎,向末端(duan)略增粗或(huo)(huo)稍(shao)漸(jian)狹,通(tong)常長(chang)(chang)(chang)于子(zi)(zi)房(fang)或(huo)(huo)等(deng)長(chang)(chang)(chang);花(hua)(hua)粉(fen)團卵(luan)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)細長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)柄和粘(zhan)盤,粘(zhan)盤披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
花期7-9月。