西(xi)南手參作為藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)比(bi)較(jiao)久遠,在很多(duo)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族的(de)地(di)方藥(yao)(yao)(yao)志中都有記載(zai),諸如(ru)滇藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、納西(xi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、普米藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、藏藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、蒙藥(yao)(yao)(yao)等都詳細記載(zai)了手掌參的(de)補腎益(yi)精、理氣(qi)止(zhi)痛之(zhi)效。
近(jin)些年隨著少(shao)數民族藥典的(de)(de)開發和(he)利用,手(shou)掌參得到越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多的(de)(de)關注。
呈(cheng)手掌狀(zhuang),長1-4.5cm,直徑1-3cm,表面淺黃(huang)色至褐色,有細皺紋(wen),頂端(duan)有莖(jing)的殘基(ji)痕,周圍(wei)有點狀(zhuang)痕。
下(xia)部有(you)2-6指狀分枝(zhi),分枝(zhi)長0.3-2.5cm,直徑2-8mm。
質堅(jian)硬,不易(yi)折斷(duan),斷(duan)面黃白色,角質樣。
氣微,味淡,嚼之(zhi)發黏(nian)。
塊莖(手參):甘,平。滋(zi)養,生津,止血。用于(yu)久病(bing)體虛(xu),肺(fei)虛(xu)咳嗽,失血,久瀉,陽(yang)痿。
西南手參植株高17-35厘米。
塊(kuai)莖卵狀(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形,長1-3厘米,肉質(zhi),下部掌狀(zhuang)分裂,裂片細長。
莖直立,較粗壯,圓柱形(xing),基部具(ju)2-3枚(mei)(mei)筒(tong)狀鞘,其上具(ju)3-5枚(mei)(mei)葉(xie),上部具(ju)1至(zhi)數枚(mei)(mei)苞片狀小葉(xie)。
葉片橢圓(yuan)形或橢圓(yuan)狀長圓(yuan)形,長4-16厘米(mi),寬(2.5-)3-4.5厘米(mi),先端(duan)鈍或急尖(jian),基部收狹成抱莖的鞘(qiao)。
總狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序具(ju)多(duo)數密生(sheng)的花(hua)(hua)(hua),圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-14厘米(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)(pian)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),直立(li)伸(shen)展(zhan),先(xian)端(duan)漸(jian)尖,不(bu)成尾狀(zhuang),最下部(bu)的明(ming)顯長(chang)(chang)于花(hua)(hua)(hua);子房(fang)紡錘(chui)形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)稍弧(hu)曲,連花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)7-8毫米(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)紫紅色或(huo)粉(fen)紅色,極(ji)罕為帶白色;中(zhong)(zhong)萼(e)(e)(e)(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)直立(li),卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-5毫米(mi)(mi),寬2-3.5毫米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun),具(ju)3脈(mo)(mo);側(ce)萼(e)(e)(e)(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)反折,斜(xie)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),較(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)萼(e)(e)(e)(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)稍長(chang)(chang)和寬,邊(bian)緣向外(wai)卷,先(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun),具(ju)3脈(mo)(mo),前(qian)面1條脈(mo)(mo)常(chang)具(ju)支(zhi)(zhi)脈(mo)(mo);花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)直立(li),斜(xie)寬卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),與中(zhong)(zhong)萼(e)(e)(e)(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)等長(chang)(chang)且較(jiao)寬,較(jiao)側(ce)萼(e)(e)(e)(e)片(pian)(pian)(pian)稍狹(xia)(xia),邊(bian)緣具(ju)波狀(zhuang)齒,先(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun),具(ju)3脈(mo)(mo),前(qian)面的1條脈(mo)(mo)常(chang)具(ju)支(zhi)(zhi)脈(mo)(mo);唇瓣(ban)向前(qian)伸(shen)展(zhan),寬倒卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-5毫米(mi)(mi),前(qian)部(bu)3裂(lie),中(zhong)(zhong)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)較(jiao)側(ce)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)稍大或(huo)等大,三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)鈍(dun)(dun)或(huo)稍尖;距細而長(chang)(chang),狹(xia)(xia)圓筒形(xing)(xing)(xing),下垂,長(chang)(chang)7-10毫米(mi)(mi),稍向前(qian)彎(wan),向末端(duan)略增粗或(huo)稍漸(jian)狹(xia)(xia),通常(chang)長(chang)(chang)于子房(fang)或(huo)等長(chang)(chang);花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)團(tuan)卵(luan)(luan)球形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)細長(chang)(chang)的柄和粘盤(pan),粘盤(pan)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)。
花期7-9月。