【手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)器】手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)器電(dian)路圖講解 手(shou)機(ji)充(chong)電(dian)器輸(shu)出電(dian)流多少合適
手機充電(dian)器電(dian)路圖
手機充電器電路圖講解
分析一個電源，往往從輸入開始著手。220V交流輸入，一端經過(guo)一個4007半(ban)波(bo)整(zheng)流，另(ling)一(yi)端經(jing)過一(yi)個(ge)10歐的(de)電阻后，由10uF電(dian)容濾波。這個10歐的(de)(de)電阻用來做保護的(de)(de)，如果后面出現故(gu)障(zhang)等導(dao)致(zhi)過流，那么這個電阻將被燒斷，從而避免引起(qi)更大(da)的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)。右邊的(de)(de)4007、4700pF電容、82KΩ電阻，構成(cheng)一個高(gao)壓(ya)吸收(shou)電路，當開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)13003關斷時，負責吸收線(xian)圈上(shang)的感應(ying)電壓(ya)，從而防(fang)止高(gao)壓(ya)加到(dao)開關管13003上而導致擊穿(chuan)。13003為(wei)開關管(guan)（完(wan)整的名應該(gai)是MJE13003），耐壓400V，集(ji)電極最大電流(liu)1.5A，最大集電極功耗(hao)為14W，用來控制原邊繞組(zu)與電源之間(jian)的(de)(de)通(tong)、斷。當原邊繞組(zu)不停的(de)(de)通(tong)斷時，就會在(zai)(zai)開關變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)形成變(bian)化的(de)(de)磁(ci)場(chang)，從而在(zai)(zai)次級繞組(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)產生(sheng)感應電壓(ya)。由(you)于圖中(zhong)(zhong)沒有標(biao)明(ming)繞組(zu)的(de)(de)同(tong)名(ming)端(duan)，所以不能看出是正激(ji)(ji)式還是反激(ji)(ji)式。
不過，從這個電路的結構來看，可以推測出來，這個電源應該是反激式的。左端的510KΩ為啟(qi)動電阻，給開關管(guan)提供啟(qi)動用的基極電流。13003下方的10Ω電阻(zu)為(wei)電流(liu)取樣電阻(zu)，電流(liu)經(jing)取樣后變成電壓（其值為(wei)10*I），這電壓經二極管4148后，加至三極管C945的(de)基極上(shang)。當取樣電壓(ya)大約大于1.4V，即開關管電流大于0.14A時，三(san)極管(guan)C945導通(tong)，從而(er)將(jiang)開關(guan)管13003的(de)基極電(dian)(dian)壓拉(la)低，從而(er)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減小，這(zhe)樣就限制了開關的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，防止電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)而(er)燒毀（其實這(zhe)是一(yi)個恒流(liu)(liu)結構，將開關管的(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)限制在140mA左右）。
變壓器左下方的繞組（取樣繞組）的感應電壓經整流二極管4148整流，22uF電容濾波后(hou)形成取樣電壓。為了(le)分析方便，我們取三極管C945發(fa)射(she)極(ji)一端為地。那么這取樣(yang)電壓就(jiu)是負的（-4V左右），并且輸出電壓越高時，采樣電壓越負。取樣電壓經過(guo)6.2V穩壓(ya)二極管(guan)后，加至開關(guan)管(guan)13003的(de)基極。前面說了(le)，當(dang)輸出電壓越高時，那么取(qu)樣電壓就(jiu)越負，當(dang)負到一定程度后(hou)，6.2V穩壓二極管(guan)被(bei)擊穿，從而將(jiang)開(kai)關13003的(de)基極(ji)電(dian)位(wei)拉(la)低，這將(jiang)導致(zhi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)管斷開(kai)(kai)或者推遲(chi)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)的(de)導通，從而控(kong)制(zhi)了(le)(le)能(neng)量(liang)輸(shu)入(ru)到變壓器中，也就控(kong)制(zhi)了(le)(le)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓的(de)升高，實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)穩(wen)壓輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)功能(neng)。
而下方的1KΩ電阻(zu)跟(gen)串聯的2700pF電容，則(ze)是正反饋支路(lu)，從取樣繞組中取出感應電壓(ya)，加(jia)到開(kai)關管的(de)基(ji)極(ji)上(shang)，以(yi)維持振蕩。右(you)邊的(de)次級繞組就(jiu)沒有太多好說(shuo)的(de)了，經二極(ji)管RF93整流，220uF電(dian)容(rong)濾(lv)波后輸出6V的電壓。沒找到二極管RF93的(de)資料，估計是一個(ge)快速回復管，例如肖特(te)基二極管等，因(yin)為(wei)開(kai)關電源的(de)工作頻(pin)率(lv)較高，所以(yi)(yi)需要工作頻(pin)率(lv)的(de)二極管。這里可以(yi)(yi)用常見的(de)1N5816、1N5817等肖特基二極管代(dai)替。
同樣(yang)因(yin)為頻(pin)率高(gao)的(de)原因(yin)，變壓(ya)器也必須(xu)使(shi)用高(gao)頻(pin)開關變壓(ya)器，鐵(tie)心一般為高(gao)頻(pin)鐵(tie)氧體磁芯(xin)，具有高(gao)的(de)電阻率，以減小渦流。
手機充電器輸出電流多少合適
手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量基本是(shi)定型(xing)的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)跟充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)(da)小息(xi)息(xi)相關，在(zai)同等充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)所需的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)越(yue)(yue)長，同理，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，所需的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)越(yue)(yue)短。
如(ru)果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器所(suo)能(neng)(neng)提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小于(yu)原裝充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間勢必要(yao)延長，如(ru)1830毫(hao)安(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)，原裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器是1.2安(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，那么就需要(yao)4小時(shi)(shi)(shi)左右才能(neng)(neng)將一塊完全沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)滿，而(er)再(zai)小一點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)更長，如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)小還會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)不上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大(da)家可能(neng)(neng)沒有(you)(you)注意(yi)到(dao)(dao)在原裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)小6電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上容(rong)量(liang)(liang)后面還有(you)(you)個(ge)7.0wh，1830毫(hao)mah/7.0wh，后面的(de)(de)(de)(de)7.0wh指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)，mah（毫(hao)安(an)時(shi)(shi)(shi)）和(he)wh（瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)）是比較常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)2種表(biao)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，用mah乘以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就等于(yu)wh，以小6的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為例就是1.83*3.7=12.81瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)（指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是每(mei)小時(shi)(shi)(shi)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)）這是官標的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論值(zhi)，對實際使(shi)用沒有(you)(you)任何意(yi)義，因為各(ge)人(ren)玩(wan)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間不同(tong)和(he)優化不同(tong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)很(hen)(hen)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，所(suo)以有(you)(you)些人(ren)在開屏或玩(wan)機時(shi)(shi)(shi)，因為使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器（低于(yu)手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)消耗瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)）充(chong)(chong)不上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)且(qie)，如(ru)果充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)因為長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間充(chong)(chong)不到(dao)(dao)額(e)(e)定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)而(er)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造成(cheng)損害（當然這個(ge)長時(shi)(shi)(shi)間可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)很(hen)(hen)長，沒有(you)(you)有(you)(you)搜(sou)到(dao)(dao)相關評測資料），并(bing)有(you)(you)可能(neng)(neng)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)燒(shao)壞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。
那為什么大電流充電不會燒機器，這是因為充電電流是由電池和它本身所帶的充電保護電路IC決定的，和充電器無關，如果你所使用的充電器電流是5A的，因為機器充電保護電路已經把充電電流限制在一個安全的范圍，所以不會對電池損傷，有些手機上還帶了保(bao)(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，在接入(ru)過(guo)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時，會(hui)自動(dong)切斷充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，但是那不(bu)是絕對的(de)，雖然有IC保(bao)(bao)護但是過(guo)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，也有可能會(hui)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池鼓(gu)漲(zhang)或(huo)爆炸，為了保(bao)(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命(ming)和自己的(de)安全，不(bu)建(jian)議用超過(guo)3A的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，更不(bu)建(jian)議用過(guo)小(xiao)（500mah）的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對手(shou)機進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
