【手機(ji)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)】手機(ji)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路圖講解 手機(ji)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)輸出電(dian)(dian)流(liu)多少合適(shi)
手機(ji)充電器電路圖
手機充電器電路圖講解
分析一個電源，往往從輸入開始著手。220V交流輸入，一(yi)端(duan)經過(guo)一(yi)個4007半波(bo)整流，另(ling)一端(duan)經過一個(ge)10歐(ou)的電(dian)阻(zu)后，由10uF電容濾波。這個10歐的(de)電(dian)阻用來做保護的(de)，如果后面出現故障等導致過(guo)流，那(nei)么這(zhe)個電(dian)阻將被燒斷，從而避免引起更大的(de)故障。右(you)邊的(de)4007、4700pF電(dian)容(rong)、82KΩ電阻，構成一個高壓(ya)吸收電路，當開(kai)關管13003關斷時，負責(ze)吸收線圈上(shang)的感應電(dian)壓，從而防(fang)止(zhi)高壓加到(dao)開關管13003上(shang)而導(dao)致擊穿。13003為開關管（完整的名應該是(shi)MJE13003），耐壓(ya)400V，集電極最大(da)電流1.5A，最大集電極功(gong)耗為14W，用來(lai)控制原邊繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)與電(dian)源(yuan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)通、斷(duan)(duan)。當原邊繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)不停的(de)(de)通斷(duan)(duan)時，就(jiu)會在開關(guan)變(bian)壓器(qi)中形成(cheng)變(bian)化的(de)(de)磁場，從而在次級繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)中產(chan)生感應電(dian)壓。由于(yu)圖(tu)中沒(mei)有(you)標明(ming)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)同名端，所以不能看(kan)出是(shi)正激(ji)式還是(shi)反激(ji)式。
不過，從這個電路的結構來看，可以推測出來，這個電源應該是反激式的。左端的510KΩ為啟動(dong)電阻，給開關(guan)管提(ti)供啟動(dong)用的基極(ji)電流。13003下方的10Ω電(dian)阻(zu)為電(dian)流取(qu)樣電(dian)阻(zu)，電(dian)流經取(qu)樣后變成電(dian)壓（其值為10*I），這電壓(ya)經二(er)極管4148后，加至三極管C945的(de)基(ji)極上。當取樣電壓大(da)約大(da)于(yu)1.4V，即開關管電流大于(yu)0.14A時(shi)，三(san)極管(guan)C945導通，從而將(jiang)開關管13003的(de)基極電(dian)壓(ya)拉低，從而集電(dian)極電(dian)流(liu)減(jian)小，這(zhe)樣就限制了開關的(de)電(dian)流(liu)，防(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大而燒毀（其實(shi)這(zhe)是一個恒流(liu)結構，將開關管的(de)最大電(dian)流(liu)限制在140mA左右）。
變壓器左下方的繞組（取樣繞組）的感應電壓經整流二極管4148整流，22uF電容濾波后形成取(qu)樣(yang)電壓。為(wei)了分析方便，我們取(qu)三極管C945發(fa)射(she)極一端為地。那么這(zhe)取(qu)樣電壓就是負的（-4V左(zuo)右），并且輸出(chu)電(dian)壓越(yue)高時，采樣(yang)電(dian)壓越(yue)負。取樣(yang)電(dian)壓經(jing)過6.2V穩(wen)壓二極管后，加至開關管13003的基極。前面(mian)說了，當輸出電(dian)壓越高時，那么取樣電(dian)壓就越負，當負到一定程(cheng)度(du)后，6.2V穩壓二極管被擊穿，從而將開關13003的(de)(de)基極電位拉低，這將導致開關管斷開或者推(tui)遲開關的(de)(de)導通，從(cong)而控(kong)制了(le)能(neng)量(liang)輸(shu)入(ru)到變壓器中(zhong)，也(ye)就控(kong)制了(le)輸(shu)出電壓的(de)(de)升高，實現了(le)穩(wen)壓輸(shu)出的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。
而下方的1KΩ電阻跟串(chuan)聯的2700pF電容，則是正反饋(kui)支路(lu)，從取樣(yang)繞(rao)組中取出感應電壓，加(jia)到開(kai)關(guan)管(guan)的(de)基極(ji)上，以(yi)維持振蕩。右邊的(de)次級繞(rao)組就(jiu)沒有太多好說的(de)了(le)，經二極(ji)管(guan)RF93整流(liu)，220uF電容濾波后輸出6V的電壓。沒找到(dao)二極管RF93的資料，估(gu)計是一個快速回復管(guan)，例如(ru)肖特基二極(ji)管(guan)等，因為開關電源的工作頻率較高，所以(yi)需要工作頻率的二極(ji)管(guan)。這里可(ke)以(yi)用常見(jian)的1N5816、1N5817等(deng)肖特基二極管(guan)代替。
同(tong)樣因為頻率(lv)高(gao)的原因，變(bian)壓器也(ye)必須使(shi)用高(gao)頻開(kai)關變(bian)壓器，鐵(tie)心一(yi)般為高(gao)頻鐵(tie)氧(yang)體磁(ci)芯，具有高(gao)的電阻率(lv)，以減小渦流。
手機充電器輸出電流多少合適
手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量基本是定型(xing)的，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)跟充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大小息息相(xiang)關，在同(tong)等充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量越(yue)大所(suo)需的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)越(yue)長，同(tong)理(li)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大，所(suo)需的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)越(yue)短。
如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)所(suo)能(neng)提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于原(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間勢必要延(yan)長，如(ru)1830毫安(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量，原(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)1.2安(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，那(nei)么就需要4小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左右(you)才能(neng)將(jiang)一塊完全沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)滿，而(er)(er)再小(xiao)一點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間會(hui)(hui)更長，如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過小(xiao)還(huan)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)不上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大家可(ke)能(neng)沒有(you)(you)注意到(dao)在原(yuan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)6電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)容(rong)(rong)量后(hou)面還(huan)有(you)(you)個7.0wh，1830毫mah/7.0wh，后(hou)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7.0wh指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)，mah（毫安(an)時(shi)(shi)）和(he)wh（瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)）是(shi)(shi)(shi)比較常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2種表示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，用mah乘(cheng)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就等于wh，以小(xiao)6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為(wei)(wei)例就是(shi)(shi)(shi)1.83*3.7=12.81瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)（指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)每小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量）這是(shi)(shi)(shi)官標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論值，對(dui)實際使用沒有(you)(you)任(ren)何意義，因為(wei)(wei)各人(ren)玩(wan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間不同和(he)優化不同會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，所(suo)以有(you)(you)些人(ren)在開(kai)屏或玩(wan)機(ji)時(shi)(shi)，因為(wei)(wei)使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)（低(di)于手機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量消耗(hao)瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)(shi)）充(chong)(chong)不上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)(er)且(qie)，如(ru)果(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過小(xiao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)因為(wei)(wei)長時(shi)(shi)間充(chong)(chong)不到(dao)額定容(rong)(rong)量而(er)(er)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)造成損害（當然這個長時(shi)(shi)間可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)很長，沒有(you)(you)有(you)(you)搜到(dao)相關評測資料(liao)），并有(you)(you)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)(hui)燒壞充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。
那為什么大電流充電不會燒機器，這是因為充電電流是由電池和它本身所帶的充電保護電路IC決定的，和充電器無關，如果你所使用的充電器電流是5A的，因為機器充電保護電路已經把充電電流限制在一個安全的范圍，所以不會對電池損傷，有些手機上(shang)還帶了保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，在接(jie)入(ru)過(guo)(guo)高電(dian)(dian)流時，會自動切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，但是那不是絕對的(de)(de)，雖然有(you)IC保(bao)護(hu)但是過(guo)(guo)大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流，也有(you)可(ke)能會讓電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)鼓漲或爆(bao)炸，為了保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)壽命和自己的(de)(de)安全，不建(jian)議用(yong)超過(guo)(guo)3A的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，更不建(jian)議用(yong)過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)（500mah）的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)對手機進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。
