【手機(ji)充(chong)電器】手機(ji)充(chong)電器電路圖講解 手機(ji)充(chong)電器輸出(chu)電流多少合適
手機充電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)路圖
手機充電器電路圖講解
分析一個電源，往往從輸入開始著手。220V交流輸入(ru)，一端經過一個4007半波(bo)整流，另一(yi)(yi)端經過一(yi)(yi)個10歐的電阻后，由10uF電容濾波。這個10歐(ou)的(de)電阻用來做保(bao)護的(de)，如果后面出現故障等導致過流，那么這個電阻將被燒斷(duan)，從而避免引起更(geng)大的(de)故障。右邊(bian)的(de)4007、4700pF電容、82KΩ電(dian)阻，構成一個高壓吸收電(dian)路，當開關(guan)管13003關斷時，負責吸(xi)收線圈上的感應電(dian)壓(ya)，從而防止高(gao)壓(ya)加到開關管13003上而導致擊穿。13003為(wei)開關管（完整的名應該是MJE13003），耐壓(ya)400V，集電極(ji)最大(da)電流1.5A，最大集(ji)電極功(gong)耗為14W，用來(lai)控制原(yuan)邊(bian)繞組與電(dian)源之間(jian)的通(tong)、斷。當原(yuan)邊(bian)繞組不停的通(tong)斷時，就會在(zai)開關變壓(ya)器(qi)中形成變化(hua)的磁場，從而在(zai)次級繞組中產生感應電(dian)壓(ya)。由于圖中沒(mei)有標明繞組的同名端(duan)，所以(yi)不能看(kan)出是(shi)正激式(shi)還是(shi)反激式(shi)。
不過，從這個電路的結構來看，可以推測出來，這個電源應該是反激式的。左端的510KΩ為啟動電阻，給(gei)開關管提供啟動用的基極電流。13003下方的10Ω電(dian)(dian)阻為電(dian)(dian)流取(qu)樣電(dian)(dian)阻，電(dian)(dian)流經取(qu)樣后變成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓（其值為10*I），這電(dian)壓經二(er)極管4148后，加至三(san)極管(guan)C945的(de)基極上。當取樣電(dian)壓大約大于1.4V，即(ji)開關管(guan)電流大于0.14A時，三(san)極管(guan)C945導(dao)通，從而將開關管13003的基(ji)極電(dian)(dian)壓拉(la)低，從而集電(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減小，這樣就(jiu)限(xian)制了開關的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過大而燒毀（其實這是一個恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)結構(gou)，將開關管的最大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)限(xian)制在140mA左(zuo)右）。
變壓器左下方的繞組（取樣繞組）的感應電壓經整流二極管4148整流，22uF電容濾(lv)波后形成取樣電壓(ya)。為了分析方(fang)便，我們取三極管C945發射(she)極一(yi)端(duan)為(wei)地。那(nei)么這取樣電壓就是負(fu)的（-4V左(zuo)右），并且輸出電壓越高時，采樣電壓越負。取樣電壓經過6.2V穩壓二極管(guan)(guan)后，加至開關管(guan)(guan)13003的基極(ji)。前面說了，當輸出電壓越高時，那么取(qu)樣(yang)電壓就越負(fu)，當負(fu)到一定程(cheng)度后，6.2V穩壓二極管被擊穿，從(cong)而將開關13003的(de)(de)基極電位拉低，這將導致開(kai)關管(guan)斷開(kai)或者推遲開(kai)關的(de)(de)導通，從而(er)控制(zhi)了(le)能(neng)量輸入(ru)到變壓器中，也就控制(zhi)了(le)輸出電壓的(de)(de)升高，實現(xian)了(le)穩(wen)壓輸出的(de)(de)功能(neng)。
而下方的1KΩ電阻跟串聯的2700pF電容，則是正反饋支路，從取樣繞組(zu)中取出感應電壓(ya)，加到開關管的(de)基極(ji)上(shang)，以維持振蕩。右邊的(de)次(ci)級(ji)繞組(zu)就沒有太(tai)多(duo)好說的(de)了，經二極(ji)管RF93整流，220uF電(dian)容濾(lv)波后輸出6V的電壓。沒找到(dao)二極管RF93的資料，估計是(shi)一個快速回復管(guan)，例如肖特基二極(ji)管(guan)等，因為開關電(dian)源的工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)率(lv)較(jiao)高，所(suo)以需要工(gong)作(zuo)頻(pin)率(lv)的二極(ji)管(guan)。這里(li)可以用常見的1N5816、1N5817等肖(xiao)特(te)基二極管代替。
同樣因(yin)為頻率高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)原因(yin)，變壓器也必(bi)須使用高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻開關(guan)變壓器，鐵心一般為高(gao)(gao)(gao)頻鐵氧體(ti)磁芯(xin)，具有高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)電阻(zu)率，以減小渦流。
手機充電器輸出電流多少合適
手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量基本是定(ding)型的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間跟充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)小息(xi)息(xi)相關(guan)，在同等充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量越(yue)大(da)所(suo)需的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間越(yue)長，同理，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大(da)，所(suo)需的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間越(yue)短。
如(ru)果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)所能(neng)(neng)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)小于原裝充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)勢必要(yao)延長，如(ru)1830毫(hao)安(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)，原裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是1.2安(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，那么就需要(yao)4小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左右(you)才能(neng)(neng)將一塊(kuai)完全沒(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿，而(er)再小一點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)會更長，如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過小還(huan)會充(chong)不上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，大家可能(neng)(neng)沒(mei)有(you)注意(yi)(yi)到在(zai)原裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小6電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)后(hou)面(mian)還(huan)有(you)個7.0wh，1830毫(hao)mah/7.0wh，后(hou)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7.0wh指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，mah（毫(hao)安(an)(an)(an)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）和(he)wh（瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）是比較常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2種(zhong)表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式，用(yong)(yong)mah乘以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓就等于wh，以小6的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為例就是1.83*3.7=12.81瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是每小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)）這是官標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理論值，對實際使用(yong)(yong)沒(mei)有(you)任何意(yi)(yi)義，因(yin)(yin)為各(ge)人玩機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不同(tong)和(he)優化(hua)不同(tong)會有(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差異，所以有(you)些(xie)人在(zai)開(kai)屏(ping)或玩機時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，因(yin)(yin)為使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)（低于手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)消(xiao)耗瓦時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）充(chong)不上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而(er)且(qie)，如(ru)果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會因(yin)(yin)為長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)充(chong)不到額定容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)而(er)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造(zao)成損害（當然這個長時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可能(neng)(neng)會很長，沒(mei)有(you)有(you)搜到相(xiang)關評(ping)測資料），并有(you)可能(neng)(neng)會燒壞充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
那為什么大電流充電不會燒機器，這是因為充電電流是由電池和它本身所帶的充電保護電路IC決定的，和充電器無關，如果你所使用的充電器電流是5A的，因為機器充電保護電路已經把充電電流限制在一個安全的范圍，所以不會對電池損傷，有些手機上(shang)還帶了保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，在接(jie)入過高電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，會(hui)自(zi)動(dong)切斷(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，但是那不是絕對的(de)(de)(de)(de)，雖然有IC保護但是過大的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，也有可能(neng)會(hui)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池鼓(gu)漲或爆炸，為了保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命和自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全，不建議(yi)用超過3A的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，更不建議(yi)用過小（500mah）的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對手機進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
