乳化液(ye)廢(fei)水處理(li)方法 乳化液(ye)廢(fei)水如(ru)何(he)處理(li)

乳化液廢水怎么處理？

乳化液中主要含有機油和表面活性劑，是用乳化油根據需要用水稀釋再加入乳化劑配制而成的。在機床切削使用的乳化液中為了提高乳化液的防銹性，還加入了亞硝酸鈉等。由于乳化劑都是表面活性劑，當它加入水中，使油與水的界面自由能大大降低，達到最低值，這時油便分散在水中。乳化液可以簡單地認為是油和水所組成的穩定而均勻的膠體物質，其中乳化液中的乳化油為分散相，水為連續相。表面活性劑還產生電離，使油珠液滴帶有電荷，而且還吸附了一層水分子固定著不動，形成水化離子膜，而水中的反離子又吸附再其外表周圍，分為不動的吸附層和可動的擴散層，形成雙電層。這樣使油珠外面包圍著一層有彈性的、堅固的、帶有同性電荷的水化離子膜，阻止了油珠液滴互相碰撞時可能的結合，使油珠能夠得以長期地穩定在水中,成(cheng)為白色(se)的乳化(hua)液(ye)。

乳化液廢水其特點是品種繁多，CODcr和含(han)油(you)量濃度高，廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)處理(li)難度大(da)。乳化液(ye)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)及廢(fei)(fei)油(you)水(shui)來(lai)源是軋延線乳化液(ye)、裁切廠(chang)含油(you)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)，主要含有的(de)污染(ran)因子有油脂(zhi)、乳(ru)化液。廢(fei)乳(ru)化液除具有一般含油廢(fei)水的(de)危(wei)害外(wai)，由于(yu)表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性劑的(de)作用(yong)，機械油高度分(fen)散在水中，動植物(wu)(wu)、水生生物(wu)(wu)更易吸收，而且表(biao)(biao)面活(huo)性劑本身(shen)對生物(wu)(wu)也有害。

乳化液廢水處理破乳方法有化學破乳、藥劑電解、活性炭吸附或超濾（或反滲透）、鹽析法、凝聚法、酸化法、復合法等。一般常用的采用鹽析凝聚混合法，水質凈化去除表面活性劑等物質，在乳化液中加入電解質，電解質的離子在乳化液中發生強烈的水化作用即爭水作用，使乳化液中的自由水分子減少了，對油珠產生脫水作用，從而破壞了乳化液油珠的水化層，中和了油珠的電性，破壞了它的雙電層結構，因而油珠失去了穩定性，產生凝聚現象(電解(jie)質一(yi)般分(fen)為二、三價的(de)鈣(gai)、鎂、鋁等鹽類)。

混合法破乳預處理+微電解+催化氧化+復合生化工藝

工藝流程如下：

隔油池沉渣池→混合法破乳除油→催化氧化池隔油池→初沉池(氣提污泥)→三(san)級(ji)反應(ying)池(chi)(chi)綜(zong)合廢水調節池(chi)(chi)→生化池(chi)(chi)1→二沉池→生化(hua)池2→石英砂(sha)過濾→纖維球過濾器→中(zhong)間水(shui)池→終沉池清(qing)水(shui)池→出水(shui)

混合(he)法即先投加破乳(ru)劑(ji)，使(shi)(shi)乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)液脫穩，再加絮凝(ning)劑(ji)（聚(ju)合(he)硫酸鐵）和(he)助凝(ning)劑(ji)使(shi)(shi)之凝(ning)聚(ju)分(fen)離，乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)液廢水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)和(he)考慮(lv)到在去(qu)除水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般性污(wu)染物(wu)質，確保出水(shui)水(shui)質達標的(de)(de)(de)同時，兼(jian)顧經(jing)濟合(he)理(li)(li)(li)和(he)運行管理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)性，重點(dian)考慮(lv)污(wu)水(shui)量少、不連續(xu)，油(you)水(shui)混合(he)等因素，在處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)考慮(lv)物(wu)化(hua)(hua)和(he)生化(hua)(hua)相結合(he)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，生化(hua)(hua)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)作為處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)成本比較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)應(ying)該是(shi)較好的(de)(de)(de)選擇，考慮(lv)到污(wu)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊負荷和(he)污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)要求比較高(gao)。

好氧+接觸氧化+氣浮組合工藝

因乳化液經破乳處理后COD去除率(lv)到85%，但(dan)廢水中(zhong)COD含量還是(shi)相對(dui)較高(gao)，對(dui)后續生化(hua)處理(li)有(you)一定的抑制作用，故先進入厭氧池（UASB），有利于后續生(sheng)化(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。生(sheng)化(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)系統(tong)由好(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、二沉(chen)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)成(cheng)。一級好(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安裝曝(pu)氣(qi)裝置(zhi)，池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)放(fang)置(zhi)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)，活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)氧(yang)(yang)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)，以(yi)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)有機物(wu)(wu)為養料，不(bu)斷進(jin)(jin)行(xing)新陳代(dai)謝(xie)，以(yi)降解廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)有機物(wu)(wu)。好(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含有大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)，因此，在(zai)(zai)好(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)后設(she)計(ji)二沉(chen)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)二沉(chen)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)泥(ni)(ni)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)離，活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)積聚在(zai)(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)斗(dou)內(nei)，通過污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)回流(liu)泵定量(liang)(liang)回流(liu)至一級好(hao)(hao)氧(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以(yi)增(zeng)加污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)濃(nong)度(du)，提(ti)高有機物(wu)(wu)去除率。二沉(chen)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)清液進(jin)(jin)入二級接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)設(she)置(zhi)填料，填料淹沒(mei)在(zai)(zai)廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，填料上(shang)長滿生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜，廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)有機物(wu)(wu)被微生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)吸(xi)附、氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)分(fen)解和轉化(hua)為新的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜，部分(fen)原有老化(hua)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜脫落，懸浮(fu)生(sheng)長在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)膜自長自落。接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)入氣(qi)浮(fu)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)物(wu)(wu)化(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)，利用(yong)溶氣(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)上(shang)浮(fu)原理(li)(li)(li)，黏附廢(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)細小懸浮(fu)物(wu)(wu)，上(shang)浮(fu)到氣(qi)浮(fu)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)表面(mian)，由刮(gua)渣機定期自動刮(gua)入污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)斗(dou)內(nei)，排入污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥(ni)(ni)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。氣(qi)浮(fu)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)入排放(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即可達標排放(fang)。