一、什么是超級電容混合動力客車
超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容混(hun)合動力(li)(li)客(ke)車(che),簡稱(cheng)超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容客(ke)車(che),是指采用(yong)超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器作為充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的混(hun)合動力(li)(li)客(ke)車(che),是常見的新能(neng)(neng)源客(ke)車(che)。和鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池、鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池等(deng)(deng)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)方式相比,超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容混(hun)合動力(li)(li)客(ke)車(che)具有功率(lv)密度高、循環壽命長、安全可靠等(deng)(deng)優點,尤其適合行駛(shi)狀況復雜的城市公交車(che)使用(yong)。
二、混合動力客車用超級電容有什么用
過去的混合動(dong)力客車大多采用(yong)(yong)傳統電(dian)池技(ji)(ji)術(shu),這些技(ji)(ji)術(shu)很難匹配實際應用(yong)(yong),為了滿足混合動(dong)力客車的電(dian)源要求,必須(xu)使用(yong)(yong)明顯更(geng)多的存(cun)儲(chu)能量,這就是超級電(dian)容存(cun)在的意義。
和有著充放電(dian)(dian)損耗(hao)、較(jiao)低(di)功率(lv)(lv)密度、較(jiao)高溫度敏感性(xing)和更低(di)往(wang)復效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)等缺點(dian)的電(dian)(dian)池技術相比,混(hun)合(he)動力(li)(li)客車(che)用超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)不(bu)僅能(neng)極大(da)地(di)增加壽命和性(xing)能(neng),而且(qie)能(neng)減小體積和重量;另外,超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)混(hun)合(he)動力(li)(li)客車(che)還可以很好地(di)實現(xian)能(neng)量回收利用,然(ran)后在需要大(da)功率(lv)(lv)的時候做(zuo)功率(lv)(lv)補償,可以達到進一步節油的效(xiao)果,同時保護電(dian)(dian)池。
三、超級電容客車的缺陷
超級電容在混合動力客車中有一定的(de)優勢(shi),但作為一種儲能工具,超級電(dian)容(rong)卻具有先天缺陷。
受(shou)限于技術原因,基于目前的(de)(de)技術水平(ping),超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的(de)(de)能量密度遠小于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛里(li)程很短(duan),只適合短(duan)線運(yun)營(全程在10公里(li)以內),而且即便是短(duan)途,這(zhe)類超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容客車(che)在出發(fa)前也要先把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿,運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)程中每行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛三四(si)個站點(dian)就(jiu)需要停(ting)下來快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),補(bu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)能量。為(wei)配合超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容公交車(che)的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing),在行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛路線上(shang)需要安裝充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi),司機停(ting)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時必須準確把(ba)握車(che)輛的(de)(de)停(ting)靠地點(dian),以便順利(li)對接(jie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)。
另外(wai),超級電容器的(de)(de)重量較大,也局限了這種技術路(lu)線的(de)(de)使用范圍,僅(jin)適用于客車領(ling)域,無法在乘用車及其他領(ling)域大規模推廣。