一、電子簽名是什么意思

電子簽名是指數據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文中以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)形(xing)式所(suo)含、所(suo)附用(yong)于(yu)識別簽(qian)名人身份并(bing)表明簽(qian)名人認可(ke)其中內(nei)容的(de)(de)(de)數據。通俗點說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽(qian)名就是通過密(mi)碼技(ji)術對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)文檔的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)名，并(bing)非是書(shu)面簽(qian)名的(de)(de)(de)數字圖(tu)像化，它類似于(yu)手寫(xie)簽(qian)名或印(yin)章(zhang)(zhang)，也可(ke)以說(shuo)它就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)印(yin)章(zhang)(zhang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽(qian)名的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)途：在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)版的(de)(de)(de)中秋賀(he)卡，結婚請帖，建筑合同(tong)上簽(qian)名。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是現代認證(zheng)技術的泛(fan)(fan)稱，美(mei)國《統一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)交易(yi)法》規定(ding)(ding)，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”泛(fan)(fan)指(zhi)(zhi)“與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)記錄(lu)相聯的或在邏(luo)輯(ji)上(shang)相聯的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)聲(sheng)音(yin)、符(fu)(fu)號或程序，而該(gai)(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)聲(sheng)音(yin)、符(fu)(fu)號或程序是某(mou)人(ren)為簽署電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)記錄(lu)的目(mu)的而簽訂或采(cai)用(yong)的”；聯合(he)國《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務示范法》中規定(ding)(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是包含、附加在某(mou)一(yi)(yi)數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)內，或邏(luo)輯(ji)上(shang)與某(mou)一(yi)(yi)數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)相聯系的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)形式(shi)的數據(ju)，它(ta)能被用(yong)來證(zheng)實與此數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)有關的簽名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)的身份(fen)，并表明該(gai)(gai)簽名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)認可該(gai)(gai)數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)所載(zai)信息；歐(ou)盟的《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)指(zhi)(zhi)令》規定(ding)(ding)，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”泛(fan)(fan)指(zhi)(zhi)“與其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)記錄(lu)相連(lian)的或在邏(luo)輯(ji)上(shang)相連(lian)并以此作為認證(zheng)方法的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)形式(shi)數據(ju)。”

從上述定(ding)義來看，凡是(shi)能(neng)在電子(zi)通(tong)訊中，起到證明(ming)當(dang)(dang)事人的(de)身份、證明(ming)當(dang)(dang)事人對文件內容的(de)認可的(de)電子(zi)技術(shu)手段，都(dou)可被稱為電子(zi)簽名，電子(zi)簽名即現代(dai)認證技術(shu)的(de)一般性概(gai)念(nian)，它是(shi)電子(zi)商務安全的(de)重要保(bao)障手段。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電子簽名和手寫簽名的區別

1、含義不同

手寫簽名(ming)在日常生活中隨處(chu)可見，簡(jian)單來說就(jiu)是親筆書寫自己的(de)名(ming)字(zi)，在紙質文(wen)檔(dang)上(shang)使用(yong)手寫簽名(ming)主要用(yong)以確(que)定(ding)簽字(zi)者的(de)身份，并表示簽字(zi)者同意所簽署文(wen)檔(dang)中規定(ding)的(de)內容，對文(wen)檔(dang)的(de)真實性負責，且(qie)具有法律(lv)效(xiao)力。

而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名(ming)通(tong)俗(su)來講(jiang)，就是通(tong)過(guo)密碼(ma)技術在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)文檔上加載(zai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形式的(de)簽(qian)名(ming)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)輕松驗證(zheng)簽(qian)約主體的(de)身份信息和(he)簽(qian)名(ming)信息，以(yi)及(ji)原(yuan)文在傳輸過(guo)程中是否發生過(guo)改(gai)動。值得一(yi)提(ti)的(de)是，根據《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名(ming)法(fa)》規定，可(ke)(ke)靠的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名(ming)與(yu)手(shou)寫簽(qian)名(ming)或者蓋(gai)章具有同等的(de)法(fa)律效(xiao)力(li)。

2、適用范圍不同

電(dian)子簽名文件的(de)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)稍有局限，目前還(huan)不能(neng)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于涉及(ji)婚(hun)姻、收養、繼承等人身(shen)關系；涉及(ji)停止供水、供熱、供氣、供電(dian)等公用(yong)(yong)事(shi)業(ye)服務(wu)；以及(ji)法律、行政法規(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)不適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)子文書的(de)其他(ta)情(qing)形。而手寫簽名文件適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)不限。

3、簽署方式不同

在(zai)電(dian)子(zi)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)上簽(qian)(qian)(qian)署(shu)(shu)電(dian)子(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)，就是用(yong)私鑰對電(dian)子(zi)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)及與其(qi)一起存儲的(de)電(dian)子(zi)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)消息摘(zhai)要數據進行加(jia)密，包括(kuo)自(zi)動簽(qian)(qian)(qian)署(shu)(shu)、點擊(ji)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)署(shu)(shu)、短信(xin)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)署(shu)(shu)、視(shi)頻簽(qian)(qian)(qian)署(shu)(shu)等多(duo)種(zhong)方式。而手(shou)寫簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)在(zai)各種(zhong)紙質文(wen)件(jian)(jian)上書寫的(de)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)具(ju)有明顯的(de)個性特征(zheng)。

4、簽署樣式不同

電子(zi)簽名(ming)一般(ban)常用的(de)是圖形/圖像(xiang)式(shi)，即有(you)個(ge)體特(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)手寫(xie)簽名(ming)文字(zi)(zi)(zi)構成的(de)圖形或印(yin)章圖像(xiang)（但電子(zi)簽名(ming)的(de)效力并非基于圖形或圖像(xiang)本身，而在(zai)于背后的(de)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)證(zheng)書）。而手寫(xie)簽名(ming)就是有(you)個(ge)體特(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)手寫(xie)體文字(zi)(zi)(zi)。

5、驗證方式不同

電子簽名驗證人(ren)擁有或可以直接(jie)訪問電子簽名(ming)人(ren)的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)證書（內含公鑰），以驗證電子文件中簽名(ming)的(de)(de)真偽及簽名(ming)人(ren)的(de)(de)身(shen)份。經(jing)CA機構頒發的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)證書，可作為網(wang)上身(shen)份證明的(de)(de)依(yi)據，具(ju)有不可否認(ren)性。而(er)(er)手寫簽名(ming)是通過目視比較(jiao)、識別(bie)手寫體(ti)簽名(ming)的(de)(de)個體(ti)特征信(xin)息及其(qi)筆跡，從(cong)而(er)(er)確認(ren)手寫簽名(ming)的(de)(de)真偽。為增強手寫簽名(ming)的(de)(de)可靠(kao)性及不可否認(ren)性，需要辦理公證，產生額(e)外的(de)(de)成本。