一、電子簽名是什么意思

電子簽名是指數據電(dian)(dian)(dian)文中(zhong)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)子形(xing)式(shi)所含、所附用于識別簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)人身份并表(biao)明簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)人認可其中(zhong)內容(rong)的(de)數據。通(tong)俗點說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)就是通(tong)過密碼技術對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子文檔的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子形(xing)式(shi)的(de)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)，并非是書面簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)數字(zi)圖像(xiang)化，它類似于手寫(xie)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)或印(yin)章，也(ye)可以說(shuo)它就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)子印(yin)章。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)用途：在電(dian)(dian)(dian)子版的(de)中(zhong)秋賀卡，結婚(hun)請帖，建筑合同上(shang)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名是現(xian)代(dai)認(ren)證技術的(de)(de)泛稱，美國(guo)《統一(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)交易(yi)法》規(gui)定(ding)，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名”泛指(zhi)“與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄相(xiang)(xiang)聯(lian)的(de)(de)或在邏輯上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)聯(lian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)聲音、符號(hao)或程序，而該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)聲音、符號(hao)或程序是某(mou)人為(wei)(wei)簽(qian)(qian)署電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)而簽(qian)(qian)訂或采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)”；聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)務示范法》中(zhong)規(gui)定(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名是包含、附加在某(mou)一(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)內，或邏輯上(shang)與(yu)(yu)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)相(xiang)(xiang)聯(lian)系(xi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)式的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，它能被用(yong)(yong)來證實(shi)與(yu)(yu)此數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)有關的(de)(de)簽(qian)(qian)名人的(de)(de)身份，并表明該(gai)簽(qian)(qian)名人認(ren)可(ke)該(gai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)所載(zai)信息；歐盟(meng)的(de)(de)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名指(zhi)令》規(gui)定(ding)，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名”泛指(zhi)“與(yu)(yu)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)的(de)(de)或在邏輯上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)并以此作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)認(ren)證方法的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形(xing)式數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。”

從上述定義來看(kan)，凡是能在電子(zi)通訊(xun)中，起到證明(ming)當事人的(de)身份、證明(ming)當事人對(dui)文件內(nei)容的(de)認可的(de)電子(zi)技術手段(duan)，都可被稱為電子(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名，電子(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名即現代(dai)認證技術的(de)一般性概念，它是電子(zi)商務(wu)安全的(de)重要(yao)保障手段(duan)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電子簽名和手寫簽名的區別

1、含義不同

手寫(xie)(xie)簽(qian)(qian)名在(zai)日常生活中隨處(chu)可見，簡單來說就是(shi)親筆書寫(xie)(xie)自己的名字，在(zai)紙質文(wen)檔上使用手寫(xie)(xie)簽(qian)(qian)名主要用以確定(ding)簽(qian)(qian)字者的身份(fen)，并表示簽(qian)(qian)字者同意所簽(qian)(qian)署文(wen)檔中規定(ding)的內(nei)容，對文(wen)檔的真實性負責，且(qie)具有(you)法(fa)律效力。

而電子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)通俗來(lai)講，就是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)密碼技術在電子(zi)(zi)(zi)文檔上加載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)，可(ke)以(yi)輕松驗證簽(qian)(qian)(qian)約主體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)身份(fen)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)和簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)，以(yi)及原(yuan)文在傳輸過(guo)程中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)否發生過(guo)改(gai)動(dong)。值得一提的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，根據《電子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)法》規(gui)定，可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)與手寫(xie)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)或(huo)者蓋章具有(you)同等的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)效力。

2、適用范圍不同

電子簽名文件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)范圍稍有(you)局(ju)限(xian)(xian)，目前還不(bu)能適用(yong)于涉及婚姻、收養、繼承等(deng)人身關(guan)系(xi)；涉及停止供(gong)水、供(gong)熱、供(gong)氣、供(gong)電等(deng)公用(yong)事業服務；以及法律、行(xing)政法規規定的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)適用(yong)電子文書的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他情形。而(er)手寫簽名文件(jian)適用(yong)范圍不(bu)限(xian)(xian)。

3、簽署方式不同

在電子(zi)文件(jian)上(shang)(shang)簽(qian)署(shu)電子(zi)簽(qian)名，就是用私鑰(yao)對電子(zi)文件(jian)及與其(qi)一起存儲的電子(zi)文件(jian)消息摘要數(shu)據進(jin)行加密，包(bao)括自動簽(qian)署(shu)、點(dian)擊簽(qian)署(shu)、短信簽(qian)署(shu)、視頻(pin)簽(qian)署(shu)等多種方(fang)式。而手寫簽(qian)名在各種紙質文件(jian)上(shang)(shang)書寫的簽(qian)名具有明顯的個性特征。

4、簽署樣式不同

電子簽(qian)名一(yi)般(ban)常用的(de)(de)是圖形(xing)(xing)/圖像式(shi)，即有(you)(you)個體特征(zheng)的(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)簽(qian)名文(wen)字構成的(de)(de)圖形(xing)(xing)或印章圖像（但電子簽(qian)名的(de)(de)效(xiao)力并非基于圖形(xing)(xing)或圖像本(ben)身，而(er)在于背后(hou)的(de)(de)數(shu)字證書）。而(er)手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)簽(qian)名就是有(you)(you)個體特征(zheng)的(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)體文(wen)字。

5、驗證方式不同

電子簽名驗證(zheng)人擁有或可(ke)以直接訪問電子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人的數字證(zheng)書（內含公鑰），以驗證(zheng)電子文件中簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的真偽及(ji)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人的身份。經CA機(ji)構頒發的數字證(zheng)書，可(ke)作為網上身份證(zheng)明的依據，具有不(bu)可(ke)否(fou)認(ren)性。而手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)通過目視比較(jiao)、識別手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)體(ti)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的個體(ti)特征信(xin)息及(ji)其筆(bi)跡，從而確(que)認(ren)手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的真偽。為增強手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的可(ke)靠性及(ji)不(bu)可(ke)否(fou)認(ren)性，需要辦(ban)理(li)公證(zheng)，產(chan)生額外(wai)的成本。