一、電子簽名是什么意思

電子簽名是(shi)指數(shu)據電(dian)(dian)文中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)子形式(shi)(shi)所含(han)、所附(fu)用(yong)于識別簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)人身份并表明簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)人認可(ke)其中(zhong)內容的(de)數(shu)據。通(tong)俗點(dian)說，電(dian)(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)就是(shi)通(tong)過密碼技(ji)術對電(dian)(dian)子文檔的(de)電(dian)(dian)子形式(shi)(shi)的(de)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)，并非是(shi)書面簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)的(de)數(shu)字圖像化(hua)，它類似于手寫簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)或印章，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說它就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)子印章。電(dian)(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)的(de)用(yong)途：在電(dian)(dian)子版的(de)中(zhong)秋(qiu)賀卡(ka)，結婚請帖，建筑合同上(shang)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名是(shi)(shi)現代認(ren)證技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泛(fan)稱，美國《統一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)交易法》規(gui)定，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名”泛(fan)指“與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄(lu)相(xiang)聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或在邏(luo)(luo)輯上相(xiang)聯(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)聲音、符號或程序(xu)，而該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)聲音、符號或程序(xu)是(shi)(shi)某(mou)人(ren)為簽(qian)署電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而簽(qian)訂或采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”；聯(lian)合國《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)商(shang)務示范法》中規(gui)定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名是(shi)(shi)包含、附加在某(mou)一(yi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)內(nei)，或邏(luo)(luo)輯上與某(mou)一(yi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)相(xiang)聯(lian)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，它能被用(yong)來證實與此數(shu)(shu)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)有關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)名人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身份(fen)，并(bing)表明(ming)該(gai)簽(qian)名人(ren)認(ren)可該(gai)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)所載信(xin)息；歐盟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名指令》規(gui)定，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名”泛(fan)指“與其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)記(ji)錄(lu)相(xiang)連的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或在邏(luo)(luo)輯上相(xiang)連并(bing)以此作為認(ren)證方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)形式(shi)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)。”

從上述定義來看，凡是能在電(dian)(dian)子(zi)通訊中，起到證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)當事(shi)(shi)人的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份、證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)當事(shi)(shi)人對文(wen)件內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術手段，都(dou)可(ke)被(bei)稱為電(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽名，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽名即現代認證(zheng)技術的(de)(de)(de)一般性概念(nian)，它是電(dian)(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務安全的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要保障手段。

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二、電子簽名和手寫簽名的區別

1、含義不同

手(shou)寫簽名在日(ri)常生活中(zhong)隨處可見，簡單來說就是親筆書寫自己的(de)(de)(de)名字，在紙質文檔(dang)上使用(yong)手(shou)寫簽名主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)以確定(ding)簽字者的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份，并表示(shi)簽字者同意所簽署文檔(dang)中(zhong)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)內容，對文檔(dang)的(de)(de)(de)真實性負(fu)責(ze)，且(qie)具有法律效力。

而電(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)通俗來講，就是(shi)通過密碼技術在電(dian)子文檔上加載的(de)電(dian)子形(xing)式的(de)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)，可(ke)以輕松驗證簽(qian)(qian)(qian)約主體的(de)身份信(xin)息和簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)信(xin)息，以及原文在傳輸過程中是(shi)否發生過改動。值(zhi)得一提的(de)是(shi)，根(gen)據《電(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)法(fa)》規(gui)定，可(ke)靠的(de)電(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)與(yu)手寫簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)或者蓋(gai)章具有同等的(de)法(fa)律效(xiao)力。

2、適用范圍不同

電(dian)子簽(qian)名(ming)文件的適用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)稍有局限，目(mu)前還不能適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)涉及婚姻、收養(yang)、繼承等人身關(guan)系；涉及停止(zhi)供水、供熱、供氣、供電(dian)等公用(yong)(yong)(yong)事(shi)業服務；以(yi)及法(fa)律、行(xing)政(zheng)法(fa)規規定的不適用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)子文書(shu)的其他情(qing)形。而手寫簽(qian)名(ming)文件適用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍(wei)不限。

3、簽署方式不同

在(zai)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)文件(jian)上簽署電(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽名(ming)，就是用(yong)私(si)鑰(yao)對電(dian)子(zi)(zi)文件(jian)及與(yu)其一(yi)起存儲的電(dian)子(zi)(zi)文件(jian)消息摘要數據進行加(jia)密，包(bao)括自(zi)動(dong)簽署、點(dian)擊簽署、短信簽署、視頻簽署等多種方式。而手寫簽名(ming)在(zai)各種紙(zhi)質文件(jian)上書寫的簽名(ming)具有明顯的個性特征。

4、簽署樣式不同

電子(zi)簽(qian)名一般常用的是圖(tu)形/圖(tu)像(xiang)式，即有個體(ti)特征的手寫簽(qian)名文字(zi)構(gou)成的圖(tu)形或印章(zhang)圖(tu)像(xiang)（但電子(zi)簽(qian)名的效(xiao)力并非基于(yu)圖(tu)形或圖(tu)像(xiang)本身，而在于(yu)背(bei)后(hou)的數字(zi)證書(shu)）。而手寫簽(qian)名就是有個體(ti)特征的手寫體(ti)文字(zi)。

5、驗證方式不同

電子簽名驗證(zheng)人(ren)(ren)擁有或可以直(zhi)接訪問電(dian)子簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)證(zheng)書（內含(han)公鑰），以驗證(zheng)電(dian)子文件中簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)偽及簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份(fen)。經CA機(ji)構(gou)頒發的(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)證(zheng)書，可作為(wei)網(wang)上身(shen)份(fen)證(zheng)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)依(yi)據(ju)，具(ju)有不可否認(ren)性。而手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)是通過目視比較、識別手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)體(ti)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)特征信息(xi)及其筆跡，從而確認(ren)手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)偽。為(wei)增強手(shou)(shou)寫(xie)(xie)(xie)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠(kao)性及不可否認(ren)性，需要辦(ban)理公證(zheng)，產生額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本。