一、潛水泵怎么使用
(一)使用環境要求
1、有(you)安全可靠(kao)的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)。
2、出水(shui)管口與水(shui)池水(shui)面落差要小于揚(yang)程(cheng)。
3、要選擇(ze)相對潔凈(jing)的水源。
(二)啟動
1、11千瓦以下的潛水泵允(yun)許直接(jie)啟(qi)動(dong),13千瓦以上的潛水(shui)泵應(ying)配(pei)備降(jiang)壓(ya)啟(qi)動(dong)柜,來保護潛水(shui)泵的安全(quan)運行。
2.、為了避(bi)免潛水泵(beng)轉子(zi)瞬間(jian)上竄及減小啟(qi)動(dong)負荷,潛水泵(beng)啟(qi)動(dong)時應把(ba)出口閥門行程關至3/4處(chu)(留1/4氣(qi)隙,以便放氣(qi)),待啟(qi)動(dong)出水后緩緩打(da)開,至水泵(beng)工(gong)況點控(kong)制(zhi)在適當(dang)位置(zhi)。
3、啟動完(wan)畢開始運(yun)轉后,應加強監護及觀測水(shui)位(wei)變化,保證潛(qian)水(shui)泵(beng)在工(gong)況范圍內運(yun)行(xing),待潛(qian)水(shui)泵(beng)運(yun)行(xing)平穩后方可投入正式運(yun)轉。
4、潛水泵第一(yi)次投入運行(xing)5小時(shi)后,停機迅速測(ce)量熱(re)絕緣電阻,其值不低于0.5MΩ,才能繼續使用。
(三)運行
1、潛(qian)水泵應(ying)在設計工況點工作(zuo),此時(shi)軸(zhou)向力適(shi)中,泵效(xiao)最高,最經濟可(ke)靠。
2、潛水(shui)泵(beng)每運(yun)行8小時(shi)要全面檢查一次,各個儀(yi)表有無(wu)變化,電(dian)路節(jie)點是(shi)(shi)否發(fa)熱,聲(sheng)音是(shi)(shi)否正(zheng)常(chang),正(zheng)常(chang)工作電(dian)流是(shi)(shi)否大(da)于電(dian)機(ji)名牌的額(e)定值。
注意,有下(xia)列情況之(zhi)一(yi)的,應立即停泵:
1)泵的(de)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)忽然(ran)高(gao)出電(dian)(dian)機(ji)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)。
2)出(chu)水量(liang)不正常,間隙性出(chu)水,含沙量(liang)加大(da)。
3)電(dian)機絕緣電(dian)阻低于0.5兆歐的。
4)機組有明顯的噪音震動加(jia)劇的。
5)電網電壓(ya)不足,低于額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)5%的。
6)保險絲燒壞一(yi)相。
7)輸水管路損壞。
(四)停泵
潛水(shui)泵停機前,為防止(zhi)水(shui)的倒(dao)流(liu),在切斷電源的同時(shi)要關閉(bi)閥門,重新(xin)啟動(dong)時(shi)間隔20分鐘(zhong)以上(shang)。
二、潛水電泵使用注意事項
1、安裝漏電保護器
漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器也叫保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)命器,它的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)從“保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)命器”這三(san)個字就(jiu)(jiu)可以理解(jie)。因為潛(qian)(qian)水泵(beng)在水下(xia)工作(zuo),容易漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)能損(sun)失甚至(zhi)引發觸電(dian)(dian)事故。如(ru)果(guo)裝有漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器,只(zhi)要潛(qian)(qian)水泵(beng)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)值超(chao)過漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器的(de)動作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(一般不(bu)超(chao)過30毫安(an)),漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器就(jiu)(jiu)會切斷潛(qian)(qian)水泵(beng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan),避免漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)浪費電(dian)(dian)能,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)安(an)全。
2、電源電壓異常莫開機
農村由(you)于低(di)壓(ya)(ya)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路比較長(chang),線路的(de)末端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過低(di)是常有的(de)事(shi)。當相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于198伏,線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)于342伏時(shi)(shi),潛水泵電(dian)(dian)(dian)機轉速下降,當達不(bu)到(dao)額定(ding)轉速的(de)70%時(shi)(shi),啟(qi)(qi)動離心(xin)開關(guan)會閉合,造(zao)成啟(qi)(qi)動繞組長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而發(fa)熱甚(shen)至燒壞(huai)繞組和電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。相(xiang)反,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過高引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)機過熱而燒壞(huai)繞組。因此,潛水泵在作(zuo)業中,操作(zuo)者必(bi)須隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值,若低(di)于額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)10%以(yi)下,高于額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)10%以(yi)上,應使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機停(ting)止運轉,找出原因并(bing)排除故障。
3、避免頻繁開關
不要(yao)頻(pin)繁(fan)地開(kai)關潛(qian)水泵(beng),這(zhe)是因為電泵(beng)停轉時(shi)會產生回(hui)流(liu),若立即開(kai)機,會使電機負載啟(qi)(qi)動,導致啟(qi)(qi)動電流(liu)過大而燒壞(huai)繞(rao)組。由于啟(qi)(qi)動時(shi)電流(liu)很(hen)大,頻(pin)繁(fan)啟(qi)(qi)動也會燒壞(huai)潛(qian)水泵(beng)電動機繞(rao)組。
4、莫讓潛水電泵長期超負荷工作
為避免(mian)潛水電(dian)泵(beng)長(chang)期超負荷工作,不(bu)要(yao)抽含沙量大的水并(bing)隨時觀察(cha)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)是否在銘(ming)牌(pai)上(shang)規定的數(shu)值(zhi),若發現電(dian)流(liu)過大,應(ying)停機檢查(cha)。另外,電(dian)泵(beng)脫水運行(xing)的時間不(bu)宜過長(chang),以免(mian)使電(dian)機過熱而燒毀。
5、電機的旋轉方向要正確
應搞清電(dian)機的(de)旋轉(zhuan)方(fang)向,有許多類(lei)型的(de)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)正轉(zhuan)和反轉(zhuan)時皆(jie)可出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui),但反轉(zhuan)時出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量小(xiao)、電(dian)流大,其反轉(zhuan)時間長(chang)了會損壞電(dian)機繞組(zu)。
6、電纜線安裝與潛水電泵的絕緣電阻要求
安裝(zhuang)潛(qian)水泵(beng)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)纜線(xian)要架空,電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)不要太長。潛(qian)水泵(beng)下水或提出時(shi)切勿使電(dian)(dian)纜受(shou)力,以(yi)免引起電(dian)(dian)源線(xian)斷裂(lie)。潛(qian)水泵(beng)工(gong)作時(shi)不要沉入泥中,否則會導致電(dian)(dian)機散熱不良而燒(shao)壞電(dian)(dian)機繞組。安裝(zhuang)時(shi),電(dian)(dian)機的絕緣電(dian)(dian)阻不應低于0.5兆歐。
7、勤查勤看發現問題及時修復
平時要經常檢查電機,如發現下蓋有裂紋、橡膠密封環損壞或失效等,應及時更換或修復,避免水滲入潛水泵。