一、農用殺蟲劑殘留多久失效
農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是毒性較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao),使用(yong)后(hou)通常會有一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殘(can)留(liu),殘(can)留(liu)期一般(ban)(ban)需要根(gen)據(ju)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)品種和(he)性狀而定,一般(ban)(ban)來(lai)講,乳油、懸(xuan)浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)等用(yong)于(yu)直接噴灑的(de)(de)(de)(de)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)型對(dui)農(nong)作物的(de)(de)(de)(de)污染(ran)相(xiang)對(dui)要大一些,而粉劑(ji)(ji)(ji)由于(yu)其容(rong)易飄(piao)散而對(dui)環境和(he)施藥(yao)(yao)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害更大,下面是幾種常用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)留(liu)期:
10%氯氰(qing)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)酯乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)2-5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);2.5%溴(xiu)氯菊(ju)(ju)(ju)酯殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)2天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);5%抗蚜(ya)威可濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)6天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);1.8%愛福廠乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);40.7%樂斯本乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);20%滅掃利乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);20%氰(qing)戊菊(ju)(ju)(ju)酯乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);35%優(you)殺硫磷殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);20%甲氰(qing)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)酯乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);10%馬撲立克(ke)乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);25%喹硫磷乳油(you)(you)殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)9天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);50%抗蚜(ya)威可濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)6天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian);5%多(duo)來寶可濕(shi)(shi)性粉(fen)劑殘(can)(can)(can)留(liu)期(qi)為(wei)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。
溫馨提示:以上是正常使用情況下的(de)殘(can)留期,如果遇到下雨的(de)話,大概殘(can)留1-2小時就會失效。
二、如何去除農藥殺蟲劑的殘留
農業生(sheng)產中為了減少(shao)蟲(chong)害,會(hui)使(shi)用農藥(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji),然后農藥(yao)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)噴施后會(hui)有一定的殘留,如果擔心的話,可以采取以下方法進(jin)行處理:
1、堿水浸泡法
先將蔬菜(cai)水果(guo)表面(mian)沖洗干凈,在堿水中浸泡5~10分(fen)鐘,然(ran)后用清(qing)水沖洗2~3遍。
2、臭氧洗脫法
用(yong)市售的臭(chou)氧發生器清(qing)洗和浸(jin)泡各類瓜果蔬(shu)菜(cai),清(qing)洗和浸(jin)泡時間為10~20分(fen)鐘,可清(qing)除大部(bu)分(fen)農藥殘留。
3、儲存法
部分(fen)農藥可(ke)隨時間流逝緩慢地分(fen)解為(wei)對人體(ti)無害的(de)(de)(de)物質(zhi),因此對易于保存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)瓜(gua)果(guo)蔬菜(cai)可(ke)通過一(yi)定時間的(de)(de)(de)存(cun)(cun)放而減少農藥殘(can)留量。此法適用于蘋果(guo)、冬(dong)瓜(gua)等(deng)不易腐爛的(de)(de)(de)水果(guo)蔬菜(cai)。這(zhe)類水果(guo)蔬菜(cai)一(yi)般存(cun)(cun)放15天以上,即可(ke)去除大部分(fen)農藥殘(can)留。
4、加熱法
氨(an)基甲酸酯(zhi)類殺蟲劑會隨溫度(du)升高而加快(kuai)分解,因(yin)此(ci)可通(tong)過(guo)加熱去除部分農藥殘留。此(ci)法可用于芹(qin)菜、菠菜、小白菜、圓(yuan)白菜、青椒(jiao)、菜花(hua)、豆角等。先用清水(shui)將蔬菜表面洗(xi)凈,再(zai)放入沸(fei)水(shui)中焯2~5分鐘,再(zai)用清水(shui)沖洗(xi)1~2遍即可。
三、怎么預防農用殺蟲劑殘留危害
1、多買有機(ji)食品。有機(ji)農產品檢測到的殺蟲(chong)劑含量遠低于常規種植的食品。
2、徹底清洗(xi)果蔬(shu)。把水(shui)(shui)果或蔬(shu)菜放在流動的水(shui)(shui)下面沖洗(xi),能比浸泡更有效(xiao)地去除殘余農藥(yao)。