一、什么是風電變流器

風(feng)電變流器(qi)，是(shi)雙饋風(feng)力發電機(ji)中，加在轉子側的勵(li)磁裝置，其主要功(gong)能(neng)是(shi)在轉子轉速n變化時，通過變流器(qi)控(kong)制勵(li)磁的幅(fu)值、相位、頻率等，使(shi)定子側能(neng)向電網輸入恒頻電。

二、風電變流器的結構組成

風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)流器可以優化風(feng)(feng)(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)運行，實(shi)現寬風(feng)(feng)(feng)速范圍內的(de)變(bian)速恒頻發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，改善(shan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機效率(lv)(lv)(lv)和傳輸鏈的(de)工作狀況(kuang)，減少(shao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機損(sun)耗，提高運行效率(lv)(lv)(lv)，提升風(feng)(feng)(feng)能利用(yong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，在風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領域(yu)應(ying)用(yong)廣泛，那么(me)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)流器的(de)結構由(you)哪些部分(fen)組成呢？

風電(dian)變流(liu)器由主(zhu)電(dian)路系(xi)統(tong)、配電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)以及控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)構(gou)成，其(qi)零部件(jian)主(zhu)要(yao)有定(ding)子并網開(kai)關、整流(liu)模(mo)塊、逆變模(mo)塊、輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出濾波器、IGBT、PLC、JCE1000-AXS電(dian)流(liu)傳感器、風機、有源Crowbar電(dian)路、控(kong)(kong)制器、監(jian)控(kong)(kong)界(jie)面等(deng)。

1、變流器(qi)主電路系統包(bao)括(kuo)轉子側逆變器(qi)、直流母線單元、電網側整(zheng)流器(qi)。

2、配電系(xi)統由并網(wang)接(jie)觸器(qi)(qi)(qi)、主(zhu)斷路器(qi)(qi)(qi)、繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)、變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)等組成，自身集成有并網(wang)控制系(xi)統。

3、控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統由高(gao)速數字信號處理器（DSP）、人機操作界面和可(ke)編程邏輯控(kong)制(zhi)器（PLC）共同構成。

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三、風電變流器工作原理是什么

風電(dian)變(bian)流器(qi)采用三相(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)型交(jiao)-直-交(jiao)雙(shuang)向(xiang)變(bian)流器(qi)技術，通(tong)過對雙(shuang)饋(kui)異步(bu)風力發(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)轉子進(jin)行勵磁，使得雙(shuang)饋(kui)發(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)定(ding)子側輸(shu)出電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)、頻率和(he)相(xiang)位(wei)與電(dian)網相(xiang)同，并且可根據需要進(jin)行有功和(he)無功的(de)(de)獨立解耦控(kong)制(zhi)，具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)工作原理是：

在直(zhi)驅(qu)型風(feng)力發(fa)電系統中，全功率變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)是永磁(ci)同(tong)步發(fa)電機(ji)與電網(wang)之間(jian)的(de)橋梁(liang)。永磁(ci)同(tong)步發(fa)電機(ji)發(fa)出的(de)交(jiao)流電是隨著風(feng)的(de)變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化的(de)，不能直(zhi)接接入電網(wang)。變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)的(de)機(ji)側對幅(fu)值和頻(pin)率變(bian)(bian)化的(de)交(jiao)流進(jin)(jin)行(xing)PWM整流，整流后的(de)直(zhi)流經(jing)變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)的(de)網(wang)側進(jin)(jin)行(xing)PWM逆變(bian)(bian)，將直(zhi)流逆變(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值和頻(pin)率穩定的(de)交(jiao)流，經(jing)濾(lv)波器(qi)、升壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)并入電網(wang)。

風電變流器的(de)機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)接入永磁發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)兩個繞(rao)組(zu)，根據(ju)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統轉(zhuan)矩指令，機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)組(zu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)1#橋單元(yuan)(yuan)，機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)組(zu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)2#橋單元(yuan)(yuan)，進(jin)(jin)行PWM整流(liu)，從(cong)而實現變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)對永磁同(tong)步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)輸出(chu)接到(dao)升壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)并網(wang)，根據(ju)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和主控(kong)(kong)(kong)下設無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，網(wang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統采(cai)用矢(shi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技術控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)三個相單元(yuan)(yuan)，將有(you)功(gong)(gong)和設定(ding)的(de)無功(gong)(gong)經(jing)濾波器(qi)(qi)送(song)入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)。如果單獨運行網(wang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)單元(yuan)(yuan)，可以作為靜態無功(gong)(gong)發生器(qi)(qi)（SVG）使用，對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)進(jin)(jin)行無功(gong)(gong)補償。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統采(cai)用三個DSP分別(bie)對變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)組(zu)、電(dian)(dian)機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)組(zu)和電(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)進(jin)(jin)行控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，在三個DSP之間采(cai)用高速串行總線進(jin)(jin)行通訊(xun)以協調機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)和網(wang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)之間的(de)工作。