一、什么是風電變流器

風電(dian)變(bian)流器(qi)，是(shi)雙饋風力發電(dian)機中(zhong)，加在轉子(zi)側的勵磁裝置(zhi)，其主(zhu)要功能是(shi)在轉子(zi)轉速n變(bian)化時，通過變(bian)流器(qi)控制(zhi)勵磁的幅(fu)值、相位、頻(pin)率(lv)等，使定子(zi)側能向電(dian)網輸入(ru)恒頻(pin)電(dian)。

二、風電變流器的結構組成

風(feng)電變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)可(ke)以優化(hua)風(feng)力(li)發電系(xi)統(tong)的運行，實現寬(kuan)風(feng)速(su)范圍內的變(bian)(bian)速(su)恒頻發電，改善(shan)風(feng)機效率和(he)傳輸鏈的工作狀(zhuang)況，減少發電機損耗，提(ti)高運行效率，提(ti)升風(feng)能(neng)利用率，在(zai)風(feng)電領域應用廣(guang)泛，那么風(feng)電變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)的結構由哪些部分組成(cheng)呢？

風電(dian)(dian)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)由主電(dian)(dian)路(lu)系(xi)統(tong)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)以及控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)構成，其零部(bu)件主要(yao)有定子并(bing)網開關、整流(liu)模塊、逆(ni)變(bian)模塊、輸入/輸出濾波器(qi)、IGBT、PLC、JCE1000-AXS電(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳(chuan)感器(qi)、風機、有源(yuan)Crowbar電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)、監控(kong)界面等。

1、變流器主電路系統包括轉子側(ce)逆變器、直流母線單元、電網側(ce)整流器。

2、配電系統(tong)由并(bing)網接觸(chu)器、主(zhu)斷路器、繼電器、變壓(ya)器等(deng)組成，自身集成有并(bing)網控制系統(tong)。

3、控制系(xi)統由高速數字(zi)信(xin)號處(chu)理(li)器（DSP）、人機(ji)操作界面和可(ke)編程邏輯控制器（PLC）共同構成。

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三、風電變流器工作原理是什么

風電(dian)(dian)變流器(qi)采用三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓型(xing)交(jiao)-直(zhi)-交(jiao)雙(shuang)向變流器(qi)技(ji)術，通過(guo)對雙(shuang)饋(kui)異(yi)步(bu)風力發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的轉(zhuan)子進(jin)行勵磁，使得雙(shuang)饋(kui)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的定子側輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓的幅值、頻率和(he)相(xiang)(xiang)位與電(dian)(dian)網相(xiang)(xiang)同，并(bing)且可根據需要進(jin)行有(you)功(gong)和(he)無功(gong)的獨立解耦控制(zhi)，具(ju)體的工作(zuo)原理(li)是：

在(zai)直(zhi)驅型風(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)中，全功率變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)是永磁同(tong)步(bu)發(fa)電(dian)機與電(dian)網(wang)之間的(de)(de)橋(qiao)梁。永磁同(tong)步(bu)發(fa)電(dian)機發(fa)出的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)是隨著(zhu)風(feng)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)，不能直(zhi)接接入電(dian)網(wang)。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)機側(ce)對幅(fu)值和頻率變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)進行PWM整流(liu)，整流(liu)后的(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)經(jing)(jing)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)網(wang)側(ce)進行PWM逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)，將直(zhi)流(liu)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值和頻率穩定的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)，經(jing)(jing)濾(lv)波器(qi)、升壓變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)并入電(dian)網(wang)。

風電變流器的(de)(de)(de)(de)機側(ce)(ce)接入(ru)永(yong)磁發電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)繞(rao)(rao)組，根據主控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統轉(zhuan)矩指令，機側(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)(rao)組控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1#橋單(dan)元(yuan)，機側(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)(rao)組控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2#橋單(dan)元(yuan)，進行(xing)(xing)PWM整流，從而實現變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)對永(yong)磁同步發電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)輸出(chu)接到升壓變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)并網(wang)，根據直流電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)設無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率，網(wang)側(ce)(ce)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統采用矢量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)個(ge)相單(dan)元(yuan)，將有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)設定的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經(jing)濾波器(qi)(qi)送入(ru)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)。如果單(dan)獨運行(xing)(xing)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)單(dan)元(yuan)，可以(yi)作為靜態(tai)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發生器(qi)(qi)（SVG）使用，對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)進行(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補償。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統采用三(san)(san)個(ge)DSP分別對變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機側(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)(rao)組、電(dian)(dian)機側(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)(rao)組和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)進行(xing)(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在三(san)(san)個(ge)DSP之間(jian)采用高速串行(xing)(xing)總線進行(xing)(xing)通訊以(yi)協調機側(ce)(ce)和(he)(he)網(wang)側(ce)(ce)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作。