一、什么是風電變流器
風電變流器(qi),是雙饋風力發(fa)電機中(zhong),加在轉子(zi)側的勵(li)(li)磁裝置,其主要功能是在轉子(zi)轉速n變化時,通(tong)過變流器(qi)控(kong)制勵(li)(li)磁的幅值、相位、頻(pin)率等,使定(ding)子(zi)側能向(xiang)電網輸入恒頻(pin)電。
二、風電變流器的結構組成
風(feng)電(dian)變流器(qi)可以優化風(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)系統的(de)運(yun)行,實現寬風(feng)速范圍內的(de)變速恒(heng)頻發(fa)電(dian),改善風(feng)機(ji)效率(lv)和傳輸鏈(lian)的(de)工作(zuo)狀況,減少(shao)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)損耗,提高(gao)運(yun)行效率(lv),提升風(feng)能(neng)利用率(lv),在(zai)風(feng)電(dian)領域應用廣泛,那么風(feng)電(dian)變流器(qi)的(de)結構(gou)由哪些部分組成呢?
風(feng)電(dian)(dian)變流(liu)器(qi)由主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路系統(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)以及控(kong)制系統(tong)構成,其零部件(jian)主(zhu)要有定子并網開關、整流(liu)模塊、逆變模塊、輸(shu)入(ru)/輸(shu)出濾波器(qi)、IGBT、PLC、JCE1000-AXS電(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳感器(qi)、風(feng)機(ji)、有源(yuan)Crowbar電(dian)(dian)路、控(kong)制器(qi)、監控(kong)界面等。
1、變流器(qi)主電(dian)路系統包括轉子側(ce)逆(ni)變器(qi)、直(zhi)流母線單(dan)元(yuan)、電(dian)網(wang)側(ce)整(zheng)流器(qi)。
2、配電(dian)(dian)系統由并網(wang)接觸器、主斷路器、繼電(dian)(dian)器、變壓器等組成,自身(shen)集(ji)成有并網(wang)控制系統。
3、控制系統由高速(su)數字(zi)信號處(chu)理器(qi)(DSP)、人機操作界面和可編(bian)程(cheng)邏輯控制器(qi)(PLC)共同(tong)構成。
三、風電變流器工作原理是什么
風(feng)電(dian)(dian)變流器采用三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓型交(jiao)(jiao)-直-交(jiao)(jiao)雙向(xiang)變流器技術,通過對雙饋異步風(feng)力(li)發電(dian)(dian)機的(de)轉(zhuan)子(zi)進行勵磁,使得雙饋發電(dian)(dian)機的(de)定子(zi)側輸出電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)幅值(zhi)、頻率和(he)相(xiang)位與電(dian)(dian)網相(xiang)同,并(bing)且可根(gen)據需要進行有功和(he)無功的(de)獨(du)立解耦控制,具體的(de)工作原(yuan)理是:
在直驅(qu)型風力(li)發(fa)電(dian)系統中,全功率變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)是永磁同(tong)(tong)步發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)與電(dian)網之間的(de)(de)(de)橋梁。永磁同(tong)(tong)步發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)是隨著風的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)而(er)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de),不能直接接入(ru)電(dian)網。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)側對(dui)幅值和頻率變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進行(xing)PWM整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),整流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)網側進行(xing)PWM逆變(bian)(bian)(bian),將直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)成幅值和頻率穩定的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),經濾波(bo)器(qi)、升壓變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)并(bing)入(ru)電(dian)網。
風電變流器的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)接入永磁發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)兩個繞(rao)組(zu)(zu),根據(ju)主(zhu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統轉矩(ju)指令,機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1#橋(qiao)單元(yuan)(yuan),機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2#橋(qiao)單元(yuan)(yuan),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)PWM整流(liu)(liu),從而實(shi)現變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)對永磁同步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)(ce)輸出接到升(sheng)壓變壓器(qi)并網(wang)(wang)(wang),根據(ju)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和主(zhu)控(kong)下設無(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率,網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)(ce)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統采用矢量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三個相單元(yuan)(yuan),將(jiang)有功(gong)(gong)和設定的(de)(de)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)經(jing)濾波器(qi)送(song)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。如果(guo)單獨運行(xing)(xing)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)(ce)逆(ni)變單元(yuan)(yuan),可以作(zuo)為靜態無(wu)功(gong)(gong)發生器(qi)(SVG)使用,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)無(wu)功(gong)(gong)補償。控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統采用三個DSP分別對變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)(ce)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)三個DSP之間采用高(gao)速串行(xing)(xing)總線進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)通訊(xun)以協調機(ji)(ji)側(ce)(ce)和網(wang)(wang)(wang)側(ce)(ce)之間的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)。