一、什么是風電變流器

風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變流器，是(shi)雙饋風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機中，加在轉(zhuan)子(zi)側的勵(li)磁裝置，其主(zhu)要功能是(shi)在轉(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)速n變化(hua)時，通過變流器控(kong)制勵(li)磁的幅值、相位、頻(pin)率等，使(shi)定子(zi)側能向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸入恒頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

二、風電變流器的結構組成

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)變(bian)流器可(ke)以優化風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)，實現寬風(feng)(feng)速(su)范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)變(bian)速(su)恒(heng)頻發(fa)電(dian)，改善風(feng)(feng)機效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)和傳(chuan)輸鏈的(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，減少發(fa)電(dian)機損耗，提(ti)(ti)高運(yun)行(xing)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)，提(ti)(ti)升風(feng)(feng)能利(li)用(yong)率(lv)(lv)，在風(feng)(feng)電(dian)領(ling)域應用(yong)廣(guang)泛，那么風(feng)(feng)電(dian)變(bian)流器的(de)(de)結構(gou)由哪些部分組(zu)成呢？

風(feng)(feng)電(dian)變流(liu)器由主(zhu)電(dian)路系(xi)統(tong)、配電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)以及控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)構(gou)成(cheng)，其零(ling)部件主(zhu)要有(you)定子(zi)并網(wang)開關、整流(liu)模(mo)塊、逆變模(mo)塊、輸(shu)(shu)入/輸(shu)(shu)出濾(lv)波器、IGBT、PLC、JCE1000-AXS電(dian)流(liu)傳感器、風(feng)(feng)機(ji)、有(you)源Crowbar電(dian)路、控制(zhi)器、監控界(jie)面等(deng)。

1、變(bian)流器(qi)主電路系統包括轉子側逆變(bian)器(qi)、直(zhi)流母線單元、電網側整流器(qi)。

2、配電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)由并(bing)(bing)網接觸器(qi)(qi)、主(zhu)斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)、繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)、變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)等組成，自身集成有并(bing)(bing)網控制系(xi)統(tong)。

3、控制(zhi)系統由高速(su)數字(zi)信號處理器(qi)（DSP）、人機操作界面和可編程邏輯控制(zhi)器(qi)（PLC）共同構成。

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三、風電變流器工作原理是什么

風電(dian)(dian)變流(liu)器采用三相電(dian)(dian)壓型交-直(zhi)-交雙向變流(liu)器技術，通過對(dui)雙饋(kui)異步風力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的轉子進行(xing)勵(li)磁，使得雙饋(kui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的定子側(ce)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓的幅值、頻率和相位與電(dian)(dian)網相同，并且可(ke)根據需要(yao)進行(xing)有功(gong)和無功(gong)的獨立解耦(ou)控制，具體的工(gong)作原(yuan)理是：

在直驅型風力發(fa)電(dian)系統中，全(quan)功率變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流器是永(yong)磁同步發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)之間的(de)(de)(de)橋梁。永(yong)磁同步發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)交流電(dian)是隨著(zhu)風的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)，不能直接(jie)接(jie)入電(dian)網(wang)(wang)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流器的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)側(ce)對(dui)幅(fu)值(zhi)和(he)頻(pin)率變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)交流進(jin)(jin)行(xing)PWM整流，整流后的(de)(de)(de)直流經(jing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流器的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)PWM逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，將直流逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值(zhi)和(he)頻(pin)率穩定的(de)(de)(de)交流，經(jing)濾波(bo)器、升壓變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器并入電(dian)網(wang)(wang)。

風電變流器的(de)(de)機(ji)側接入(ru)永磁發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)兩個繞組(zu)，根(gen)據主控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統轉矩指令，機(ji)側1#繞組(zu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)1#橋單元，機(ji)側2#繞組(zu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)2#橋單元，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)PWM整流(liu)，從而實現變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)對永磁同步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)側輸出接到升壓變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)并網(wang)(wang)，根(gen)據直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)下設無功(gong)功(gong)率，網(wang)(wang)側控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統采(cai)用(yong)矢(shi)量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技術控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)三個相(xiang)單元，將有功(gong)和(he)設定的(de)(de)無功(gong)經(jing)濾波器(qi)送入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。如果單獨運(yun)行(xing)(xing)網(wang)(wang)側逆變(bian)(bian)單元，可以作(zuo)為(wei)靜態無功(gong)發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)（SVG）使用(yong)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)無功(gong)補償。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統采(cai)用(yong)三個DSP分別對變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)側1#繞組(zu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)側2#繞組(zu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，在三個DSP之(zhi)間采(cai)用(yong)高速串行(xing)(xing)總(zong)線進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)通訊以協(xie)調機(ji)側和(he)網(wang)(wang)側之(zhi)間的(de)(de)工作(zuo)。