一、什么是風電變流器

風電(dian)(dian)變流器，是(shi)雙(shuang)饋風力發電(dian)(dian)機中，加(jia)在轉(zhuan)子側的勵磁裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，其主(zhu)要功能是(shi)在轉(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)速n變化時，通(tong)過(guo)變流器控制(zhi)勵磁的幅值、相位、頻率等，使定(ding)子側能向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)網輸入恒頻電(dian)(dian)。

二、風電變流器的結構組成

風(feng)電變流器(qi)可以優化風(feng)力發電系(xi)統的(de)(de)運(yun)行，實現寬風(feng)速(su)范圍內的(de)(de)變速(su)恒頻發電，改善風(feng)機(ji)效率(lv)和傳輸鏈的(de)(de)工作狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，減少發電機(ji)損耗(hao)，提高運(yun)行效率(lv)，提升風(feng)能利用率(lv)，在(zai)風(feng)電領(ling)域應用廣泛，那么(me)風(feng)電變流器(qi)的(de)(de)結構(gou)由哪些部分(fen)組成(cheng)呢？

風電(dian)變流器(qi)由主(zhu)電(dian)路系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、配電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)以及(ji)控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)構成，其零(ling)部件主(zhu)要有定子并網開關、整流模(mo)塊、逆變模(mo)塊、輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出(chu)濾波器(qi)、IGBT、PLC、JCE1000-AXS電(dian)流傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)、風機、有源Crowbar電(dian)路、控制器(qi)、監(jian)控界(jie)面(mian)等。

1、變流器主電(dian)路系統(tong)包括轉子側逆(ni)變器、直流母線單元、電(dian)網側整流器。

2、配電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)由(you)并網接(jie)觸器、主斷路器、繼電(dian)器、變(bian)壓器等組成，自(zi)身集(ji)成有并網控制系(xi)統(tong)。

3、控(kong)制系(xi)統由高速數(shu)字信號處(chu)理(li)器（DSP）、人機操作界面(mian)和可編程邏輯控(kong)制器（PLC）共同構成。

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三、風電變流器工作原理是什么

風(feng)電(dian)變(bian)流器(qi)采用三相(xiang)電(dian)壓型交(jiao)-直(zhi)-交(jiao)雙(shuang)向變(bian)流器(qi)技(ji)術(shu)，通過對雙(shuang)饋異步風(feng)力發電(dian)機的(de)(de)轉子進行勵磁，使得雙(shuang)饋發電(dian)機的(de)(de)定子側輸(shu)出電(dian)壓的(de)(de)幅值、頻(pin)率和(he)相(xiang)位(wei)與電(dian)網相(xiang)同，并(bing)且可根據需要進行有功(gong)和(he)無功(gong)的(de)(de)獨立(li)解耦控制，具體的(de)(de)工(gong)作原理是：

在直驅型風(feng)(feng)力發(fa)(fa)電系(xi)統中，全功(gong)率(lv)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器是永磁同步發(fa)(fa)電機與電網之間(jian)的(de)(de)橋梁(liang)。永磁同步發(fa)(fa)電機發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電是隨(sui)著風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)，不能直接接入電網。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器的(de)(de)機側對幅(fu)值(zhi)和頻率(lv)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)進行PWM整流(liu)，整流(liu)后(hou)的(de)(de)直流(liu)經(jing)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器的(de)(de)網側進行PWM逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)，將(jiang)直流(liu)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值(zhi)和頻率(lv)穩定的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)，經(jing)濾波(bo)器、升(sheng)壓變(bian)(bian)壓器并入電網。

風電變流器的(de)機(ji)側(ce)接入永磁發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)兩個繞組，根據(ju)(ju)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)轉(zhuan)矩指令，機(ji)側(ce)1#繞組控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)1#橋(qiao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，機(ji)側(ce)2#繞組控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)2#橋(qiao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行PWM整(zheng)流，從而實現變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)對永磁同步發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)的(de)網(wang)側(ce)輸(shu)出接到升壓變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)并網(wang)，根據(ju)(ju)直流電(dian)壓和(he)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)下設(she)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，網(wang)側(ce)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)采用矢量控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)技術控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)三個相單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，將有功(gong)(gong)和(he)設(she)定的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)經濾波器(qi)(qi)送入電(dian)網(wang)。如果單(dan)(dan)(dan)獨運(yun)行網(wang)側(ce)逆變(bian)(bian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，可(ke)以(yi)作為靜態無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)發(fa)生器(qi)(qi)（SVG）使(shi)用，對電(dian)網(wang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)補償(chang)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)采用三個DSP分(fen)別(bie)對變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)機(ji)側(ce)1#繞組、電(dian)機(ji)側(ce)2#繞組和(he)電(dian)網(wang)側(ce)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，在三個DSP之間采用高速串行總線進(jin)(jin)(jin)行通(tong)訊以(yi)協調機(ji)側(ce)和(he)網(wang)側(ce)之間的(de)工作。