一、什么是風電變流器

風電(dian)變(bian)(bian)流器，是(shi)雙饋風力(li)發電(dian)機中，加在(zai)轉(zhuan)子側的勵磁裝置，其(qi)主要(yao)功能(neng)是(shi)在(zai)轉(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)速n變(bian)(bian)化(hua)時，通過變(bian)(bian)流器控制勵磁的幅(fu)值、相位、頻率等，使定子側能(neng)向電(dian)網輸入(ru)恒(heng)頻電(dian)。

二、風電變流器的結構組成

風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)可以優化風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)運行(xing)(xing)，實現寬(kuan)風(feng)速范圍內的(de)變(bian)速恒頻發電(dian)(dian)(dian)，改善(shan)風(feng)機(ji)效率(lv)和傳輸鏈的(de)工作狀(zhuang)況，減(jian)少(shao)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)損耗，提(ti)高運行(xing)(xing)效率(lv)，提(ti)升(sheng)風(feng)能(neng)利(li)用率(lv)，在風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)領域(yu)應用廣泛，那么風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)的(de)結構由哪些(xie)部分(fen)組成呢？

風電(dian)(dian)變流(liu)器(qi)由主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)路系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、配(pei)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)以(yi)及控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)構(gou)成，其(qi)零部件主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)定(ding)子并網(wang)開關(guan)、整流(liu)模塊(kuai)、逆變模塊(kuai)、輸(shu)入/輸(shu)出濾波器(qi)、IGBT、PLC、JCE1000-AXS電(dian)(dian)流(liu)傳感器(qi)、風機、有(you)源Crowbar電(dian)(dian)路、控(kong)制器(qi)、監控(kong)界面等。

1、變流(liu)器主電路系統包括轉子側逆(ni)變器、直流(liu)母線單元、電網側整流(liu)器。

2、配(pei)電系(xi)統由并(bing)網(wang)接觸器(qi)(qi)、主(zhu)斷路器(qi)(qi)、繼(ji)電器(qi)(qi)、變壓器(qi)(qi)等組(zu)成，自身集成有(you)并(bing)網(wang)控(kong)制系(xi)統。

3、控制(zhi)系統由高速(su)數字(zi)信號處理器(qi)（DSP）、人機(ji)操作界面和(he)可(ke)編(bian)程邏輯控制(zhi)器(qi)（PLC）共同構成(cheng)。

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三、風電變流器工作原理是什么

風電(dian)變(bian)流器(qi)(qi)采用三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)交-直-交雙(shuang)(shuang)向(xiang)變(bian)流器(qi)(qi)技術，通過對雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)異(yi)步(bu)風力發(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)轉子(zi)進行(xing)勵磁(ci)，使得(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)饋(kui)發(fa)電(dian)機的(de)(de)定子(zi)側輸出電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)幅(fu)值、頻(pin)率和相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)位與(yu)電(dian)網(wang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同，并(bing)且(qie)可根(gen)據需(xu)要(yao)進行(xing)有功和無功的(de)(de)獨立解耦控制(zhi)，具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)工作原理是：

在(zai)直驅型風力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)系統中，全(quan)功率變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器是(shi)永磁同步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機與電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)橋梁。永磁同步發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機發(fa)(fa)出的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)是(shi)隨著風的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)，不能直接接入電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器的(de)(de)機側對幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率變(bian)(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)進行(xing)PWM整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)側進行(xing)PWM逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)，將直流(liu)(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率穩定(ding)的(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經(jing)(jing)濾(lv)波器、升(sheng)壓變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器并入電(dian)網(wang)(wang)(wang)。

風電變流器的機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)接入(ru)永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)發電(dian)機(ji)的兩個(ge)繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)，根(gen)據(ju)主控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)轉矩指令(ling)，機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1#橋單(dan)元(yuan)，機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2#橋單(dan)元(yuan)，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)PWM整流(liu)，從而實現(xian)變流(liu)器(qi)對永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)同步發電(dian)機(ji)的控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。變流(liu)器(qi)的網側(ce)(ce)(ce)輸出接到升壓變壓器(qi)并網，根(gen)據(ju)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)壓和主控(kong)(kong)(kong)下(xia)設(she)無功功率，網側(ce)(ce)(ce)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)矢量控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)個(ge)相單(dan)元(yuan)，將有功和設(she)定的無功經濾波器(qi)送入(ru)電(dian)網。如果單(dan)獨運行(xing)(xing)網側(ce)(ce)(ce)逆變單(dan)元(yuan)，可以作為靜態(tai)無功發生器(qi)（SVG）使用(yong)(yong)，對電(dian)網進(jin)行(xing)(xing)無功補償(chang)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)三(san)個(ge)DSP分別對變流(liu)器(qi)的電(dian)機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)1#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)、電(dian)機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)2#繞(rao)組(zu)(zu)和電(dian)網側(ce)(ce)(ce)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在三(san)個(ge)DSP之(zhi)(zhi)間采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)高速串行(xing)(xing)總線進(jin)行(xing)(xing)通訊以協調機(ji)側(ce)(ce)(ce)和網側(ce)(ce)(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)間的工作。