鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以(yi)上時就(jiu)應及時對(dui)其進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。并且按(an)如下三階段(duan)進(jin)行：第(di)一階段(duan)為(wei)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階段(duan)為(wei)恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)三：階段(duan)為(wei)滑(hua)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。否則，會嚴(yan)重影(ying)響莆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命門前(qian)廣泛用于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的UC3842集(ji)成電路(lu)可(ke)直接驅動(dong)MOS開關(guan)管，在穩定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓的(de)(de)同時(shi)，具(ju)有負(fu)載電(dian)流(liu)控制(zhi)能(neng)力(li)（稱(cheng)其為電(dian)流(liu)控制(zhi)型開關(guan)電(dian)源驅(qu)動器）。無疑具(ju)有獨特的(de)(de)優勢：只要用(yong)極少的(de)(de)外圍元件即可實(shi)現恒壓輸(shu)出和控制(zhi)充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。使充電(dian)器能(neng)夠按(an)照鉛酸莆(pu)電(dian)池(chi)性能(neng)要求，達到接步驟地實(shi)現智能(neng)充電(dian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

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鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電池充電器參數解讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產廠家(jia)的(de)(de)要求也不一樣(yang)。最高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值相對(dui)誤差范圍是多少？我(wo)們(men)不能脫離實際(ji)的(de)(de)工作對(dui)象，盲目(mu)制定出(chu)超(chao)常規(gui)的(de)(de)精度要求。我(wo)們(men)接到(dao)某(mou)電(dian)動車售后(hou)服務部通知：充(chong)電(dian)器比(bi)規(gui)定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)0.1V，電(dian)池(chi)因(yin)此熱失控而充(chong)脹了；也接到(dao)通知說：電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比(bi)規(gui)定定低0.1V，電(dian)池(chi)欠充(chong)，提前(qian)報廢。一個千分之幾的(de)(de)誤差造成如此嚴重(zhong)后(hou)果，真是失之毫厘，謬(miu)之千里之外，鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)果真有這(zhe)么神秘(mi)嗎？為了解開困擾電(dian)動車充(chong)電(dian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)這(zhe)個謎團，做如下實驗。

用(yong)一(yi)個水槽盛滿水，電(dian)池(chi)放在水中，在電(dian)池(chi)上方有一(yi)個收集(ji)氣(qi)體用(yong)的倒扣(kou)的漏(lou)(lou)斗，漏(lou)(lou)斗頂端裝有可(ke)以計量(liang)氣(qi)體容量(liang)的注射針筒。充(chong)電(dian)用(yong)可(ke)調穩壓(ya)電(dian)源，用(yong)兩只四位半數字萬用(yong)表(biao)測量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流和充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)。

試驗(yan)時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)在冬季，水溫5℃。實驗(yan)條(tiao)件是(shi)統一用(yong)2A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分(fen)別(bie)用(yong)43V、44V、45V輪循環依次(ci)進行，浮充(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一律(lv)400mA，記錄下每次(ci)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，包括充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期(qi)隨時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降各點數(shu)據、開始(shi)析(xi)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，按時(shi)間(jian)記錄析(xi)氣量。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)完后，用(yong)萬(wan)分(fen)之(zhi)幾精度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量臺記錄放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量。充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)在計算紙上讀出時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線與坐(zuo)標(biao)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)面積(ji)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量就(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)定積(ji)分(fen)）。

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備注(zhu)：該電池組30℃時，放電容(rong)量為10Ah。

得到試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據后，最感(gan)到驚異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是：充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少(shao)幾乎與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)關。很多(duo)人認(ren)為(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不滿，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)提前鹽化報廢，特(te)別是在冬(dong)季氣溫較低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候。而這次(ci)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)正好是在冬(dong)季，水溫只有5℃，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值是44V，上下(xia)偏(pian)差1V，相(xiang)對(dui)誤差是2.3%。在用43V和45V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和放出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量相(xiang)差無(wu)幾，與(yu)大家公認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法(fa)大相(xiang)徑庭，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件，輪番做同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)，實驗(yan)(yan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據重復同樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)，可排除偶然(ran)因素干擾，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據是準確可信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理上看(kan)，只要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，都會(hui)(hui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質轉(zhuan)換完成。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就是充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始由(you)恒流區轉(zhuan)變到恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)區，這種轉(zhuan)變是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量多(duo)少(shao)、活性(xing)物(wu)質反(fan)應(ying)(ying)了多(duo)少(shao)決(jue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)，僅是能進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反(fan)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件，只要(yao)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就會(hui)(hui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)少(shao)物(wu)質能參與(yu)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)決(jue)定。從這個思路理解，就不難得出，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量沒有多(duo)大影(ying)響。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)42.5V～43.5V時(shi)開始析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)，而析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)的速度與充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有(you)關(guan)。到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)，總(zong)析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)量與充電(dian)(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有(you)關(guan)，43V與45V總(zong)析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)量相(xiang)差10位（注(zhu)：以單格允許極限失(shi)水10克，18格相(xiang)當240公升氣(qi)(qi)體，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)45V時(shi)失(shi)水并不大）。 在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下降區時(shi)，只要降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到42.5V時(shi)，析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)立即停止，這時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)稍小(xiao)一點，還會依(yi)著(zhu)原來的規(gui)律下降。

這(zhe)里(li)對(dui)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流討論一(yi)下(xia)。對(dui)于(yu)長期(qi)處于(yu)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)的鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組，如后(hou)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源上(shang)用(yong)的等，對(dui)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)要求是(shi)嚴格(ge)的。據國處文獻，浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)有-0.2%溫度(du)系數，浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏(pian)差太大會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池鹽化。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池屬循環使(shi)用(yong)，不是(shi)處于(yu)這(zhe)種狀(zhuang)態，不應該用(yong)套用(yong)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態使(shi)用(yong)的條件，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設定浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的目(mu)的僅是(shi)免于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期(qi)大量析氣(qi)(qi)失水，只要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)到(dao)析氣(qi)(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)以下(xia)，但也不能低(di)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而停止(zhi)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前面(mian)說(shuo)過，在浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的走勢(shi)基本還是(shi)依著原曲線下(xia)降(jiang)，一(yi)般還補足(zu)5%的容量。所以浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)應在的范圍是(shi)低(di)于(yu)析氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（42.5V），高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后(hou)的開路端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（約40V）。

浮充(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，只不(bu)過(guo)是(shi)選(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)反應接近尾聲，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流自動下(xia)降到某一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，切換(huan)(huan)浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的記號，不(bu)少(shao)人以(yi)為浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)充(chong)(chong)不(bu)滿(man)是(shi)概念(nian)不(bu)清，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只要高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，都會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只不(bu)過(guo)有(you)用(yong)戶(hu)看到指示燈(deng)(deng)紅轉(zhuan)(zhuan)綠(lv)(lv)后(hou)(hou)提前(qian)去用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，這種(zhong)情況是(shi)不(bu)多(duo)的，一(yi)(yi)般都是(shi)夜間充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到早晨綠(lv)(lv)燈(deng)(deng)已(yi)亮了(le)多(duo)時(shi)。有(you)的廠家使(shi)用(yong)說明書上(shang)提醒用(yong)戶(hu)，在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)綠(lv)(lv)燈(deng)(deng)后(hou)(hou)繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小(xiao)時(shi)，是(shi)很好很正(zheng)確的。所以(yi)沒有(you)必要刻(ke)意去追求浮充(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的高低，一(yi)(yi)般新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)末(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為50mA，失(shi)(shi)水(shui)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，酸比增高，那時(shi)可達500 mA以(yi)上(shang)。從析氣(qi)速(su)率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的關(guan)系上(shang)來看（上(shang)圖），早點(dian)(dian)(dian)脫(tuo)離析氣(qi)區為好，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)可以(yi)減少(shao)析氣(qi)量，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間，末(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增高，但還(huan)能低于(yu)我(wo)們設(she)定的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)(yi)直在(zai)(zai)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)，大量失(shi)(shi)水(shui)，引發熱控，充(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。有(you)人固(gu)執地強調，浮充(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)欠(qian)充(chong)(chong)，前(qian)面(mian)已(yi)討論過(guo)，切換(huan)(huan)到浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)(hou)，不(bu)是(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，還(huan)會(hui)繼續對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流適當高一(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)利于(yu)避(bi)免過(guo)分失(shi)(shi)水(shui)和熱失(shi)(shi)控。

至于(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)設(she)定(ding)，先看一(yi)(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池制(zhi)造廠家對(dui)10Ah（12Ah）吸附式小(xiao)型密封電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對(dui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術要求(qiu)(qiu)，通常規(gui)定(ding)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)不要大于(yu)0.3C，相(xiang)當于(yu)4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)2A左右，遠離極限充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)范圍內(nei)大一(yi)(yi)點、小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)點，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長(chang)一(yi)(yi)點、短一(yi)(yi)點，沒有(you)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)，有(you)10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha)就(jiu)行了，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻精度(du)是(shi)5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精度(du)不會高(gao)(gao)于(yu)此。

總而(er)言之，不(bu)管哪(na)家生產(chan)的鉛酸閥控吸附(fu)式(shi)小(xiao)密封電(dian)(dian)池，其(qi)基本結(jie)構是(shi)完全一樣的，僅極板、框架、滲入(ru)的微(wei)量(liang)元素、漿料配(pei)方(fang)、硫酸濃度(du)等有(you)此微(wei)小(xiao)差(cha)異，而(er)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學方(fang)面都(dou)是(shi)一樣的，也就是(shi)說它們單體的端電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流密度(du)（動力型）、開始(shi)析(xi)氣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)點等，不(bu)會有(you)顯著的差(cha)異。一個按照前面所(suo)討論(lun)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，可適應所(suo)有(you)品牌的電(dian)(dian)池，不(bu)存在(zai)匹配(pei)問題。

鉛酸蓄電池充(chong)電器認識誤區

1、最高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)與充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)量關系不大。

2、浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓與充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)量沒關系(xi)，只要高于(yu)(yu)電(dian)池最大開路端電(dian)壓，低(di)于(yu)(yu)開始(shi)析氣點電(dian)壓就行了。

3、浮充轉換(huan)(huan)電(dian)流，僅是(shi)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)最高充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)到浮充電(dian)壓(ya)的設定(ding)點，不(bu)宜過小或過大(da)，與充電(dian)量也沒關(guan)系。

4、充電電流(liu)只要不超過0.3C(對(dui)10Ah相應(ying)為4A)都是允許(xu)的，不必要嚴格要求。

所以，對(dui)于36V閥控式(shi)吸附式(shi)小(xiao)密封電池組充電參數推薦如下(xia)：

最(zui)高電壓(ya)：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉(zhuan)換(huan)電流：300mA～500Ma

浮充電壓：41V～42V

充電電流：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)中一些認識誤區(qu)進(jin)行的試驗(yan)和(he)分析，通過以上的試驗(yan)和(he)分析能使(shi)(shi)廣大消費(fei)者知(zhi)道鉛酸蓄電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)中應注意的一些問題(ti)，以更好地正確使(shi)(shi)用(yong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器。