鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以(yi)上時就(jiu)應(ying)及(ji)時對其進行充電(dian)(dian)。并且按如下三階(jie)段(duan)進行：第一階(jie)段(duan)為(wei)恒流充電(dian)(dian)，第二階(jie)段(duan)為(wei)恒壓充電(dian)(dian)，第三：階(jie)段(duan)為(wei)滑(hua)流電(dian)(dian)。否則(ze)，會嚴(yan)重影響莆電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命門前廣泛用于鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)器的(de)UC3842集成電(dian)路(lu)可(ke)直接驅動MOS開(kai)關(guan)管，在穩定(ding)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的同時，具有負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)控(kong)(kong)制能力(li)（稱其為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)控(kong)(kong)制型開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)驅動器(qi)）。無疑具有獨特(te)的優勢：只要用極(ji)少的外(wai)圍元件即可實現恒壓(ya)輸出(chu)和控(kong)(kong)制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的目(mu)的。使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)能夠按照鉛酸莆(pu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池性能要求，達到接(jie)步(bu)驟地實現智(zhi)能充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的目(mu)的。

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鉛酸蓄電池充電器(qi)參(can)數解讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產廠家(jia)的(de)要(yao)求也不一(yi)樣。最(zui)高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電電壓值相對誤(wu)差(cha)范(fan)圍(wei)是多少(shao)？我(wo)們(men)不能脫離實際的(de)工作對象，盲(mang)目制定(ding)出超常規(gui)的(de)精度(du)要(yao)求。我(wo)們(men)接到某(mou)電動(dong)(dong)車售后服(fu)務部通知(zhi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電器比(bi)規(gui)定(ding)電壓高0.1V，電池(chi)因(yin)此(ci)熱失控而充(chong)(chong)(chong)脹了；也接到通知(zhi)說：電壓比(bi)規(gui)定(ding)定(ding)低0.1V，電池(chi)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)，提前(qian)報廢(fei)。一(yi)個千分之幾的(de)誤(wu)差(cha)造成如此(ci)嚴重后果，真是失之毫厘，謬之千里之外，鉛酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)果真有這么(me)神秘嗎？為了解開困擾電動(dong)(dong)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電中的(de)這個謎團，做如下實驗(yan)。

用一個水槽盛(sheng)滿水，電(dian)池(chi)放在水中，在電(dian)池(chi)上方(fang)有一個收集氣體用的倒扣的漏斗(dou)，漏斗(dou)頂端裝有可(ke)以計(ji)量氣體容量的注(zhu)射針筒。充(chong)電(dian)用可(ke)調穩壓(ya)電(dian)源，用兩只四位半數字萬用表測量充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流和充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)。

試驗時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)冬季，水溫5℃。實驗條(tiao)件是(shi)統一用(yong)2A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分(fen)別(bie)用(yong)43V、44V、45V輪(lun)循環依(yi)次(ci)進(jin)行，浮(fu)充(chong)轉換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一律400mA，記(ji)錄(lu)下每次(ci)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，包括(kuo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期隨時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降各點數據、開始析(xi)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，按時(shi)間(jian)記(ji)錄(lu)析(xi)氣量。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)完(wan)后(hou)，用(yong)萬(wan)分(fen)之幾精(jing)度的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量臺記(ji)錄(lu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量。充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)在(zai)(zai)計算紙(zhi)上讀出時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲線與坐標(biao)之間(jian)的面積（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量就(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對時(shi)間(jian)的定積分(fen)）。

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備注：該電池組30℃時(shi)，放(fang)電容量為10Ah。

得到(dao)(dao)試(shi)驗(yan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)后，最感到(dao)(dao)驚異的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少幾乎與(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)無(wu)關。很多(duo)人(ren)認為充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)滿(man)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)提前鹽化(hua)報廢，特別是(shi)在冬(dong)季(ji)氣溫較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)。而(er)這次試(shi)驗(yan)正好是(shi)在冬(dong)季(ji)，水溫只有5℃，試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值是(shi)44V，上(shang)下(xia)(xia)偏差1V，相(xiang)對誤(wu)差是(shi)2.3%。在用43V和(he)45V充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和(he)放出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)差無(wu)幾，與(yu)大(da)家(jia)公認的(de)(de)(de)看(kan)法(fa)大(da)相(xiang)徑庭(ting)，試(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件，輪番做同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)，實驗(yan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)重復同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)，可(ke)排除偶然因(yin)素干(gan)擾，試(shi)驗(yan)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)是(shi)準確可(ke)信的(de)(de)(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理(li)上(shang)看(kan)，只要充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，都(dou)會(hui)(hui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一(yi)直到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)活性物質轉換完(wan)成。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始(shi)由(you)恒流區(qu)轉變到(dao)(dao)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)區(qu)，這種轉變是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)自身充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)少、活性物質反(fan)應(ying)了多(duo)少決定的(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低，僅是(shi)能(neng)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學反(fan)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，只要高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)少物質能(neng)參與(yu)反(fan)應(ying)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)自身決定。從這個(ge)思路理(li)解(jie)，就(jiu)不(bu)難得出(chu)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)低對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)沒(mei)有多(duo)大(da)影響。

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在42.5V～43.5V時開始析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，而析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的速度與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓有(you)關。到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束時，總析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)壓有(you)關，43V與45V總析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量相差10位（注：以單(dan)格允(yun)許極(ji)限失水(shui)10克，18格相當240公(gong)升氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，該電(dian)(dian)池(chi)45V時失水(shui)并不大）。 在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)流下(xia)降(jiang)區時，只要降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)壓到(dao)42.5V時，析(xi)(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)立即停止，這時充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流稍小一點，還(huan)會依著原來的規律(lv)下(xia)降(jiang)。

這里對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)討(tao)論一(yi)下(xia)。對于(yu)(yu)長期處于(yu)(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀態下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，如(ru)后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等，對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)要求是(shi)嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。據國處文獻，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)有-0.2%溫度系數，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏差太大會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)鹽化(hua)。而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)屬循環使用(yong)，不(bu)是(shi)處于(yu)(yu)這種狀態，不(bu)應(ying)該用(yong)套用(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)狀態使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設定浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)僅是(shi)免于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期大量析氣失(shi)水，只要把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降到(dao)析氣點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)以下(xia)，但也(ye)不(bu)能低于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而(er)(er)停止向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。前面說過，在浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走勢基本還(huan)是(shi)依著原曲(qu)線下(xia)降，一(yi)般(ban)還(huan)補足5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量。所以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍是(shi)低于(yu)(yu)析氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（42.5V），高于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開路端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)（約40V）。

浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，只(zhi)不過(guo)是(shi)選擇在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)活性物質反應接(jie)近尾聲，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)自動(dong)下降到(dao)某一(yi)點(dian)時(shi)，切換(huan)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)號，不少人以(yi)為浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)高(gao)(gao)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會充(chong)(chong)(chong)不滿是(shi)概念不清(qing)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只(zhi)要高(gao)(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，都(dou)會對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只(zhi)不過(guo)有(you)用(yong)戶看到(dao)指示燈(deng)紅轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)綠后(hou)提前(qian)去(qu)(qu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，這(zhe)種情(qing)況是(shi)不多的(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)夜間(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)早晨綠燈(deng)已(yi)亮了(le)多時(shi)。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)廠家(jia)使用(yong)說明書上提醒用(yong)戶，在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)綠燈(deng)后(hou)繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小時(shi)，是(shi)很(hen)好很(hen)正確的(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)沒(mei)有(you)必要刻意去(qu)(qu)追(zhui)求浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)低，一(yi)般新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)約為50mA，失水以(yi)后(hou)，酸比(bi)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)，那時(shi)可達500 mA以(yi)上。從析氣速率與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)關系上來看（上圖），早點(dian)脫離(li)析氣區為好，一(yi)方面(mian)，一(yi)方面(mian)可以(yi)減少析氣量，另一(yi)方面(mian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)了(le)一(yi)段時(shi)間(jian)，末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增(zeng)高(gao)(gao)，但還(huan)能(neng)低于我們設定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直在(zai)最高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，大量失水，引發熱控(kong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)(chong)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。有(you)人固執地強調，浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)點(dian)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)會欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)，前(qian)面(mian)已(yi)討論過(guo)，切換(huan)到(dao)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后(hou)，不是(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，還(huan)會繼續(xu)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)適當高(gao)(gao)一(yi)點(dian)有(you)利于避免過(guo)分失水和熱失控(kong)。

至于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)大小設定，先(xian)看一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)制造(zao)廠家對(dui)10Ah（12Ah）吸附式小型密封(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)要求，通(tong)常規定充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率不(bu)要大于0.3C，相當(dang)于4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，而充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在2A左右，遠離極限充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在一定范(fan)圍內大一點、小一點，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長一點、短(duan)一點，沒有很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)要求，有10%的(de)(de)(de)誤(wu)差就行了(le)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)精度(du)是(shi)5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)精度(du)不(bu)會高于此(ci)。

總而(er)言(yan)之，不(bu)管哪家生產(chan)的鉛酸(suan)閥(fa)控吸附(fu)式小密封(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其基本結構(gou)是(shi)完(wan)全(quan)一樣的，僅(jin)極板、框架、滲入(ru)的微量元素、漿料配方(fang)、硫酸(suan)濃度等(deng)有(you)此微小差(cha)(cha)異，而(er)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學方(fang)面都是(shi)一樣的，也(ye)就是(shi)說(shuo)它們單(dan)體的端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流密度（動(dong)力型）、開(kai)始析氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點等(deng)，不(bu)會(hui)有(you)顯著的差(cha)(cha)異。一個按照(zhao)前面所討論的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)，可適應所有(you)品牌(pai)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，不(bu)存在(zai)匹配問題。

鉛酸蓄電池充電器(qi)認識誤區

1、最高(gao)充電(dian)電(dian)壓與充入電(dian)量(liang)關(guan)系不大。

2、浮充(chong)電壓(ya)與充(chong)入電量沒關系，只要高于電池最大開路端電壓(ya)，低(di)于開始(shi)析(xi)氣點電壓(ya)就行(xing)了(le)。

3、浮(fu)充(chong)轉換(huan)電流，僅是切換(huan)最(zui)高充(chong)電電壓(ya)到浮(fu)充(chong)電壓(ya)的(de)設定(ding)點，不(bu)宜過小或過大，與充(chong)電量也沒關系。

4、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)只要不(bu)超過0.3C(對(dui)10Ah相應(ying)為4A)都是允許的，不(bu)必要嚴(yan)格要求。

所以，對于36V閥(fa)控式吸附式小密封電池組(zu)充電參數推薦如下：

最高電(dian)壓(ya)：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉換電流：300mA～500Ma

浮充(chong)電壓：41V～42V

充電電流：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸蓄電池充(chong)(chong)電中一(yi)些認識誤區(qu)進行的試驗(yan)和分(fen)析(xi)，通過以上(shang)的試驗(yan)和分(fen)析(xi)能(neng)使(shi)廣大消費者知道鉛酸蓄電池充(chong)(chong)電中應注(zhu)意的一(yi)些問題，以更(geng)好地正確使(shi)用充(chong)(chong)電器。