鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以上時就應及時對(dui)其(qi)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。并且(qie)按如下三階段(duan)進行(xing)：第一階段(duan)為(wei)恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第二階段(duan)為(wei)恒壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第三：階段(duan)為(wei)滑流(liu)電(dian)(dian)。否則(ze)，會嚴重(zhong)影響莆電(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽命門(men)前廣泛用于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)UC3842集成電(dian)路可直(zhi)接驅動(dong)MOS開(kai)關管，在穩定輸出電(dian)(dian)壓的同時，具(ju)有(you)負載電(dian)(dian)流控(kong)制(zhi)能(neng)力(li)（稱(cheng)其為電(dian)(dian)流控(kong)制(zhi)型開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)源驅動(dong)器）。無疑具(ju)有(you)獨特(te)的優勢：只要用極少的外圍元件即可實現恒(heng)壓輸出和控(kong)制(zhi)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的目的。使充電(dian)(dian)器能(neng)夠按照鉛酸莆(pu)電(dian)(dian)池性能(neng)要求，達到接步驟地實現智能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)的目的。

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鉛酸蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)器(qi)參數解讀(du)

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產廠家的要求也(ye)不一樣。最高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值相對(dui)誤(wu)差(cha)范圍(wei)是(shi)多少？我們不能(neng)脫離實際的工作對(dui)象，盲(mang)目制定出超常規的精(jing)度要求。我們接到某電(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)售后服(fu)務部通知(zhi)：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器比(bi)規定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高0.1V，電(dian)(dian)池因(yin)此(ci)熱失控而充(chong)脹(zhang)了；也(ye)接到通知(zhi)說：電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)比(bi)規定定低0.1V，電(dian)(dian)池欠充(chong)，提前報廢。一個千(qian)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)幾的誤(wu)差(cha)造成如此(ci)嚴重后果，真是(shi)失之(zhi)(zhi)毫厘，謬之(zhi)(zhi)千(qian)里之(zhi)(zhi)外，鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池果真有這么神(shen)秘(mi)嗎？為了解開困(kun)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)動車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)中的這個謎團，做如下實驗。

用一(yi)個(ge)水(shui)(shui)槽盛滿水(shui)(shui)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放在水(shui)(shui)中，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上方(fang)有一(yi)個(ge)收集氣體(ti)用的倒扣的漏斗，漏斗頂端裝有可以(yi)計量氣體(ti)容量的注(zhu)射針(zhen)筒(tong)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)用可調穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，用兩只四位(wei)半(ban)數字萬用表測(ce)量充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。

試驗(yan)時(shi)(shi)間是(shi)在冬季，水溫5℃。實驗(yan)條件是(shi)統一用2A電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，最充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分別用43V、44V、45V輪循(xun)環依(yi)次進行，浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換電(dian)(dian)(dian)流一律400mA，記錄(lu)下每次的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間，包括充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)末期隨時(shi)(shi)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降各點數據、開始(shi)析(xi)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，按時(shi)(shi)間記錄(lu)析(xi)氣(qi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)完后，用萬分之(zhi)(zhi)幾精度的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)臺記錄(lu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)在計算(suan)紙(zhi)上(shang)讀(du)出時(shi)(shi)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)流曲(qu)線與坐標(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)面積（電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)就是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流對時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)定積分）。

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備注：該電(dian)池(chi)組30℃時，放電(dian)容量(liang)為(wei)10Ah。

得(de)到試驗(yan)數(shu)據后(hou)，最感到驚異的(de)是：充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)幾(ji)乎與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)無(wu)關。很多(duo)(duo)人認為充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會充(chong)(chong)不滿(man)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會提前鹽化報廢(fei)，特(te)別是在冬季(ji)氣溫較低(di)的(de)時候(hou)。而這次(ci)試驗(yan)正好是在冬季(ji)，水溫只(zhi)有5℃，試驗(yan)的(de)中心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值是44V，上(shang)下偏差1V，相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)誤(wu)差是2.3%。在用(yong)43V和(he)45V充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況(kuang)下，充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和(he)放(fang)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量相(xiang)(xiang)差無(wu)幾(ji)，與大(da)家公認的(de)看(kan)法大(da)相(xiang)(xiang)徑庭，試驗(yan)是用(yong)的(de)同(tong)一組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，同(tong)樣的(de)充(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件(jian)，輪番做同(tong)樣的(de)測(ce)試，實驗(yan)數(shu)據重復(fu)同(tong)樣的(de)規律(lv)，可排除偶然因素(su)干(gan)擾，試驗(yan)數(shu)據是準(zhun)確可信的(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理(li)(li)上(shang)看(kan)，只(zhi)要充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，都(dou)會給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一直(zhi)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中的(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質轉換完成(cheng)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，也就(jiu)是充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始由(you)恒流區(qu)轉變到恒壓(ya)(ya)區(qu)，這種轉變是由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)自(zi)身充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)、活性(xing)物(wu)質反應(ying)了多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)決定(ding)(ding)的(de)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)高(gao)低(di)，僅是能進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應(ying)的(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，只(zhi)要高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)就(jiu)會給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)(duo)少(shao)(shao)(shao)物(wu)質能參與反應(ying)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)自(zi)身決定(ding)(ding)。從這個思(si)路理(li)(li)解，就(jiu)不難(nan)得(de)出，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)低(di)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量沒有多(duo)(duo)大(da)影響。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)42.5V～43.5V時(shi)開(kai)始析(xi)氣(qi)，而析(xi)氣(qi)的速度與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有(you)關。到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)時(shi)，總析(xi)氣(qi)量(liang)與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有(you)關，43V與45V總析(xi)氣(qi)量(liang)相差10位(wei)（注：以單(dan)格允(yun)許極限失(shi)水(shui)10克，18格相當(dang)240公升氣(qi)體(ti)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池45V時(shi)失(shi)水(shui)并不大(da)）。 在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)末期電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降區時(shi)，只要降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到42.5V時(shi)，析(xi)氣(qi)立(li)即停(ting)止，這時(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流稍小一(yi)點，還會依著(zhu)原來的規律(lv)下降。

這里(li)對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓、浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)流討論(lun)一下(xia)。對于長期處于浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態下(xia)的(de)(de)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，如后備電(dian)源上(shang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)等，對浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓要求(qiu)是(shi)嚴格的(de)(de)。據國處文獻，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓有-0.2%溫度系數(shu)，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓偏差太(tai)大會造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)鹽(yan)化。而電(dian)動車用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)屬循環使用(yong)(yong)，不(bu)是(shi)處于這種狀態，不(bu)應該用(yong)(yong)套用(yong)(yong)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)器設定浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)僅是(shi)免于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)末期大量析氣(qi)(qi)失(shi)水，只要把電(dian)壓降(jiang)到(dao)析氣(qi)(qi)點電(dian)壓以下(xia)，但也不(bu)能低于電(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)壓而停止向電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。前面說(shuo)過，在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)(de)走勢(shi)基本還(huan)是(shi)依(yi)著原(yuan)曲線(xian)下(xia)降(jiang)，一般還(huan)補足5%的(de)(de)容量。所以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓應在(zai)的(de)(de)范圍是(shi)低于析氣(qi)(qi)電(dian)壓（42.5V），高于電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)足電(dian)以后的(de)(de)開路端電(dian)壓（約(yue)40V）。

浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，只不(bu)(bu)過(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)選擇在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)(mo)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)活性(xing)物質反應接近尾(wei)聲，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)自動下(xia)降(jiang)到某一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)時(shi)，切換(huan)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)記號，不(bu)(bu)少人(ren)(ren)以為(wei)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)高(gao)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)滿是(shi)(shi)(shi)概念(nian)不(bu)(bu)清，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)只要高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，都會(hui)(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只不(bu)(bu)過(guo)有用(yong)戶(hu)看到指示燈(deng)紅轉(zhuan)綠(lv)后(hou)(hou)提前去(qu)(qu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，這(zhe)種情況是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)多的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)夜(ye)間充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到早(zao)(zao)晨綠(lv)燈(deng)已(yi)亮(liang)了多時(shi)。有的(de)(de)廠(chang)家(jia)使用(yong)說(shuo)明書上(shang)提醒用(yong)戶(hu)，在轉(zhuan)綠(lv)燈(deng)后(hou)(hou)繼續(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小時(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)好很(hen)正確的(de)(de)。所以沒有必(bi)要刻意去(qu)(qu)追求浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)點(dian)的(de)(de)高(gao)低，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)末(mo)(mo)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)約為(wei)50mA，失水(shui)以后(hou)(hou)，酸(suan)比增(zeng)高(gao)，那時(shi)可達500 mA以上(shang)。從(cong)析(xi)氣速率與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)關系上(shang)來看（上(shang)圖），早(zao)(zao)點(dian)脫離析(xi)氣區為(wei)好，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)可以減少析(xi)氣量，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間，末(mo)(mo)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增(zeng)高(gao)，但(dan)還能低于我們(men)設定的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)換(huan)點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直在最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)，大量失水(shui)，引(yin)發熱控，充(chong)(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)(chong)壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。有人(ren)(ren)固(gu)執地(di)強(qiang)調，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)換(huan)點(dian)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)(hui)欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)，前面(mian)(mian)(mian)已(yi)討(tao)論過(guo)，切換(huan)到浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后(hou)(hou)，不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，還會(hui)(hui)繼續(xu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)，轉(zhuan)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)適當高(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)有利于避免(mian)過(guo)分(fen)失水(shui)和(he)熱失控。

至于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)設定，先看一(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池制(zhi)造廠家對10Ah（12Ah）吸附(fu)式小(xiao)型密封電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)技術要求，通(tong)常規定充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率不(bu)要大于(yu)(yu)0.3C，相當于(yu)(yu)4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在2A左右，遠離極限(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在一(yi)定范圍內大一(yi)點、小(xiao)一(yi)點，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長一(yi)點、短一(yi)點，沒(mei)有很高(gao)的(de)(de)要求，有10%的(de)(de)誤差就行(xing)了，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取樣(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻精度(du)是5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)精度(du)不(bu)會(hui)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)此。

總而言之(zhi)，不管(guan)哪(na)家生產的(de)鉛酸閥控吸附式小(xiao)密封電(dian)池，其(qi)基(ji)本結構是完(wan)全一樣的(de)，僅極(ji)板、框架、滲(shen)入的(de)微量元(yuan)素、漿料配方、硫酸濃度等有此微小(xiao)差異，而在電(dian)化學(xue)方面(mian)都是一樣的(de)，也就是說它們單體(ti)的(de)端電(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)放電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)密度（動力型）、開(kai)始析(xi)氣(qi)電(dian)壓(ya)點(dian)等，不會有顯著的(de)差異。一個按(an)照前面(mian)所討論的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器，可適應所有品牌的(de)電(dian)池，不存在匹配問(wen)題。

鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)池充電(dian)器認識誤區

1、最高充(chong)電電壓與(yu)充(chong)入電量關系不大。

2、浮(fu)充電(dian)壓與(yu)充入電(dian)量沒關(guan)系，只要高于電(dian)池(chi)最(zui)大開(kai)路(lu)端電(dian)壓，低于開(kai)始(shi)析(xi)氣(qi)點電(dian)壓就行了(le)。

3、浮充(chong)轉換電流，僅是(shi)切換最高充(chong)電電壓到浮充(chong)電壓的(de)設定點，不宜過小或過大(da)，與充(chong)電量(liang)也沒關系。

4、充電電流(liu)只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)不(bu)超過0.3C(對(dui)10Ah相應為4A)都是允許的(de)，不(bu)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)嚴格要(yao)(yao)求。

所以，對(dui)于36V閥控式吸(xi)附式小(xiao)密(mi)封電池組充(chong)電參數推(tui)薦如(ru)下：

最高電壓(ya)：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉(zhuan)換(huan)電流：300mA～500Ma

浮充(chong)電壓：41V～42V

充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)中一(yi)些認(ren)識誤區進行的試(shi)(shi)驗和(he)分(fen)析，通過(guo)以上的試(shi)(shi)驗和(he)分(fen)析能使廣大消(xiao)費者(zhe)知道鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)中應(ying)注意的一(yi)些問題，以更好地正(zheng)確使用充電(dian)(dian)器。