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一.產品介紹

產于鄧(deng)李(li)鄉馬灣村。其主要特色(se)是(shi)：入(ru)口甘爽，色(se)澤(ze)鮮(xian)亮，白(bai)里透紅，含(han)糖量高，營養(yang)豐富，離核，種(zhong)植面積大，歷史悠久，曾遠銷前蘇聯、香港等地，遠近聞名。屬產地特色(se)類。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang) “馬灣白(bai)桃”產(chan)地(di)為沙河(he)(he)沖積平原，地(di)形北(bei)部高，中部和東南緩低，沃野(ye)坦蕩。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)為黃(huang)潮土(tu)(tu)、結構疏松，透(tou)氣(qi)性好，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質甘甜(tian)，有機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)1.224%，全氮(dan)0.068%，速效(xiao)磷8ppm，速效(xiao)氮(dan)67 ppm,速效(xiao)鉀(jia)81 ppm，pH 6.77～7.35。 2.2水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang) 境(jing)內(nei)(nei)有本縣(xian)最(zui)大(da)的河(he)(he)流(liu)沙河(he)(he)穿(chuan)境(jing)而過，沙河(he)(he)以南與大(da)麥河(he)(he)在(zai)鄧(deng)李(li)鄉(xiang)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)匯入沙河(he)(he)、源(yuan)于鄧(deng)李(li)鄉(xiang)鄧(deng)李(li)村(cun)北(bei)的北(bei)大(da)溝在(zai)沙河(he)(he)出縣(xian)境(jing)口處注入沙河(he)(he)。三(san)條河(he)(he)流(liu)年(nian)均最(zui)大(da)徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)23.85億m3。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)由自然降水(shui)(shui)(shui)，自流(liu)灌(guan)溉回歸水(shui)(shui)(shui)，河(he)(he)流(liu)側滲等組成，可(ke)利用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)接近950萬(wan)m2。 2.3氣(qi)候情況(kuang) 葉(xie)縣(xian)屬(shu)暖溫(wen)帶大(da)陸季風(feng)氣(qi)候，四季分明、春季溫(wen)暖，風(feng)多雨少，氣(qi)溫(wen)回升(sheng)快；夏季炎(yan)熱，雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)集中；秋季涼爽，秋雨綿綿，氣(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)(ri)差較大(da)。年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)14.8度，年(nian)平均降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)804.8毫米。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)多年(nian)平均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數1991.1小時(shi)(shi)，年(nian)平均日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率是45%，年(nian)最(zui)多日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)數為2193.5小時(shi)(shi)，最(zui)少日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數為1702.7小時(shi)(shi)。區域光照(zhao)充(chong)足，年(nian)無(wu)霜期216天。

三.地域范圍

“馬(ma)灣白桃”分布在葉縣鄧(deng)李(li)鄉和洪(hong)莊楊鄉境內境內沙河兩岸的馬(ma)灣、灣李(li)、、妝頭等16個(ge)行政村。位于東經(jing)113°28′56″～113°34′18″ ，北(bei)緯 33°43′32″～33°41′32″，東西長25公(gong)(gong)里(li)，南北(bei)寬(kuan)12公(gong)(gong)里(li)。 適宜種植面積3.2萬畝(mu)，年產量6.4萬噸左(zuo)右。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1 外(wai)在感官特(te)征 馬灣白桃(tao)的主要特(te)色是：個大(da)鮮亮，白里透紅，核肉分離，汁多(duo)爽(shuang)口，肉軟味甜。 4.2 內在品(pin)質指標 經農(nong)業部農(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)(liang)監督檢驗測(ce)試中心（鄭州(zhou)）檢驗，“馬灣白桃(tao)”可溶性固形物含(han)量(liang)(liang)為12%～14 %，鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)6.4～7.6/100g，鉀含(han)量(liang)(liang)131～178/100g。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)“馬(ma)灣白(bai)桃(tao)”產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)保(bao)護范圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)， pH值7.0左右，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)鹽分含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)不高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)1％，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥10g/kg，排灌(guan)便利，交通(tong)方(fang)(fang)便，沒有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過核果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類(lei)(lei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊。產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)NY/T 391的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 3.2品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 以(yi)(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“馬(ma)灣白(bai)桃(tao)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大白(bai)桃(tao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)當引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)沙(sha)子(zi)早生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 3.3大坑定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) “馬(ma)灣白(bai)桃(tao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求按寬(kuan)、深(shen)各(ge)0.8m—1m開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)挖(wa)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坑（溝(gou)(gou)），并(bing)將挖(wa)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)（表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)）與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)（底土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)）分開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)堆放(fang)。回填(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將熟(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與腐熟(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（每(mei)穴(xue)25kg左右或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)2000kg—3000kg）充分混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)填(tian)(tian)入(ru)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坑（溝(gou)(gou)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)層，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)填(tian)(tian)上(shang)層。 3.4 適(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) “馬(ma)灣白(bai)桃(tao)”定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋季落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)至次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)年(nian)春(chun)(chun)季桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，對苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)根系(xi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)1%硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)銅溶液(ye)(ye)浸5min后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再放(fang)到2%石灰(hui)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)浸2min進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)毒(du)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三封兩踩一(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)苗(miao)一(yi)(yi)澆(jiao)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)求苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)根系(xi)舒展(zhan)，苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)扶正、嫁接(jie)口朝(chao)向(xiang)(xiang)西北迎風(feng)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)，根系(xi)周圍填(tian)(tian)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)澆(jiao)水(shui)沉實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)根莖與地(di)(di)表(biao)相平(ping)。定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)根據(ju)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)而定(ding)(ding)，一(yi)(yi)般開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei) 4×3米(mi) ，每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)55株，Y字形(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)3×2米(mi) ，每(mei)畝(mu)(mu) 110株，主(zhu)(zhu)干型(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)2×1米(mi)，每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)330株。 3.5深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)改土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升地(di)(di)力(li) 每(mei)年(nian)秋季果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)改土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。擴穴(xue)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)為(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)（溝(gou)(gou)）外(wai)(wai)挖(wa)環(huan)(huan)狀溝(gou)(gou)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)平(ping)行(xing)溝(gou)(gou)，溝(gou)(gou)寬(kuan)30-50cm，深(shen)30cm～45cm全(quan)(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)將栽植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)，深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)30cm～40cm，耕翻(fan)(fan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)耙平(ping)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)回填(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)(hun)入(ru)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，然(ran)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)充分灌(guan)水(shui)。 3.6果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)，改善(shan)環(huan)(huan)境(jing) 提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡(chang)桃(tao)園(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)間(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，改善(shan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)類(lei)(lei)應(ying)(ying)是與桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)無(wu)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆科綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作物(wu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，并(bing)適(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刈割翻(fan)(fan)埋于(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中(zhong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)覆蓋樹(shu)(shu)(shu)盤。 3.7肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管理(li)(li) 3.7.1施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 3.7.1.1 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則(ze) 肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)輔，保(bao)持和(he)(he)(he)(he)增(zeng)(zeng)加土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)及(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡(chang)根據(ju)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養分析進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)配方(fang)(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)平(ping)衡(heng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)《NYT394綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)_肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求 。 3.7.1.2 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)于(yu)九月(yue)(yue)份(fen)桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)外(wai)(wai)圍新梢開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)緩慢(man)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)至停止(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)秋季果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)求每(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)質(zhi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000kg～4000kg。幼齡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)育前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)育后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)～3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)少追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。分別于(yu)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)每(mei)667m2追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)（15—15—15）50kg；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)膨大期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)667m 2追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二(er)氫鉀(jia)40kg，最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)須在(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20d前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)。每(mei)年(nian)根外(wai)(wai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)光(guang)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)微(wei)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二(er)氫鉀(jia)5～6次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20d內停止(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。 3.7.2水(shui)分管理(li)(li) 桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)封凍(dong)(dong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，澆(jiao)水(shui)三次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。其他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季節如土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)干旱(han)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)每(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)水(shui)分不足時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)灌(guan)水(shui)。開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)色(se)至成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)灌(guan)水(shui)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求灌(guan)溉水(shui)無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)，水(shui)質(zhi)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)NY/T 391中(zhong)4.2規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 3.8整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)剪 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing) 3.8.1.1自(zi)然(ran)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)心形(xing) 干高(gao)(gao)(gao)50cm-60cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)干上(shang)分布錯落(luo)(luo)有(you)致(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)不要(yao)(yao)(yao)正南；主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)40o～70o；每(mei)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配置2個(ge)(ge)～3個(ge)(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈(cheng)順向(xiang)(xiang)排列(lie)，側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)張角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)70o左右。 3.8.1.2 Y字形(xing) 干高(gao)(gao)(gao)40cm～50cm，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)60o～90o，主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)直接(jie)培養結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.8.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)干型(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)干高(gao)(gao)(gao)170-200cm，主(zhu)(zhu)干基部(bu)60cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)分布結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)，不留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.9花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管理(li)(li) 3.9.1保(bao)花(hua)(hua)保(bao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 盛花(hua)(hua)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)二(er)氫鉀(jia)＋0.3%硼（酸(suan)(suan)(suan)）砂＋0.3%白(bai)糖(tang)混(hun)(hun)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)愛多收(shou)(shou)、坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)靈(ling)(ling)等(deng)(deng)(deng)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)；也可(ke)每(mei)667㎡放(fang)一(yi)(yi)箱蜜(mi)蜂或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)50頭－100頭角(jiao)額(e)壁蜂進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)授粉(fen)(fen)；從(cong)(cong)初花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)于(yu)上(shang)午9－10時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電動采(cai)(cai)粉(fen)(fen)授粉(fen)(fen)器或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)點授等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)授粉(fen)(fen)。 3.9.2 疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 3.9.2.1 原則(ze) 根據(ju)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、自(zi)然(ran)條件(jian)、經(jing)營定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)定(ding)(ding)向(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，通(tong)過整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)剪、疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調節產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，一(yi)(yi)般每(mei)667㎡產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2000kg－2500kg。 3.9.2.2 時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 于(yu)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)膨大至花(hua)(hua)蕾開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)綻(zhan)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)過多、瘦小(xiao)、畸形(xing)、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)及(ji)梢端弱質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)與花(hua)(hua)蕾。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)：第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)落(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)2周，疏(shu)(shu)去小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)及(ji)過多過密(mi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)；第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)落(luo)(luo)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)3周－4周第(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)落(luo)(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，首先疏(shu)(shu)去朝(chao)天(tian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，無(wu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩側(ce)，向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健壯(zhuang)好果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。一(yi)(yi)般長(chang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)－4個(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)（果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)間(jian)距15cm－20cm），中(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2個(ge)(ge)－3個(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)花(hua)(hua)束狀果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.9.3果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)套袋(dai) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)套袋(dai)。套袋(dai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)殺(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，待(dai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)藥(yao)液(ye)(ye)涼干后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)套袋(dai)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)應(ying)(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)，抗(kang)(kang)風(feng)吹雨淋、透(tou)氣好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正規(gui)廠家(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)紙袋(dai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)塑膜(mo)袋(dai)。 3.9.4提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)色(se)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)增(zeng)(zeng)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)磷(lin)、鉀(jia)、鈣等(deng)(deng)(deng)營養元素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)鋪反光(guang)塑膜(mo)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)(chu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周圍貼(tie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與遮(zhe)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、梢，增(zeng)(zeng)加樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠內膛及(ji)下(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)光(guang)照(zhao)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著色(se)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。 3.10病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.10.1植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)檢疫 禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)檢疫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)從(cong)(cong)疫區(qu)傳(chuan)入(ru)我地(di)(di)。不得從(cong)(cong)疫區(qu)調運苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)、接(jie)穗(sui)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，所有(you)外(wai)(wai)調苗(miao)木(mu)(mu)，必須嚴格檢疫，一(yi)(yi)經(jing)發(fa)(fa)現檢疫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)應(ying)(ying)立(li)即(ji)銷毀。 3.10.2農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)(yi)對當地(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良砧(zhen)建園(yuan)(yuan)；強(qiang)化土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)管理(li)(li)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)剪，保(bao)持良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風(feng)透(tou)光(guang)條件(jian)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)負載，保(bao)持健壯(zhuang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體抗(kang)(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；冬(dong)春(chun)(chun)刮除(chu)(chu)老翹皮(pi)、腐爛病(bing)(bing)斑，徹底清園(yuan)(yuan)、減少病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源；土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)接(jie)近封凍(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)翻(fan)(fan)，凍(dong)(dong)死(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)；早春(chun)(chun)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)地(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋，阻隔(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)內越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)；晚秋樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干綁(bang)草(cao)環(huan)(huan)，誘集(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏(zang)身越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)燒毀，減少病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)基數；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寄主(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)誘集(ji)(ji)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)，集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)燒毀殺(sha)滅。 3.10.3物(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)采(cai)(cai)取糖(tang)醋液(ye)(ye)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)取黑光(guang)燈誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振式(shi)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)干纏草(cao)把(ba)、粘著劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.10.4生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通(tong)過保(bao)護瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小(xiao)花(hua)(hua)蝽、草(cao)蛉(ling)、食(shi)(shi)蚜蠅(ying)、捕食(shi)(shi)螨等(deng)(deng)(deng)天(tian)敵(di)，控(kong)制(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)等(deng)(deng)(deng)自(zi)然(ran)天(tian)敵(di)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)引(yin)(yin)移(yi)、繁殖(zhi)釋放(fang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天(tian)敵(di)；果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)養雞或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)招引(yin)(yin)益鳥啄(zhuo)食(shi)(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)益微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)及(ji)其代謝物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，如利用(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)外(wai)(wai)激(ji)素(su)誘殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.10.5化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 提(ti)(ti)(ti)倡(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)、礦物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)（如石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)硫(liu)(liu)懸浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)），禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)畸、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突變農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格按照(zhao)NY/T 393－2000的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求控(kong)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，并(bing)遵照(zhao)國(guo)家(jia)有(you)關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。 3.10.6主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)　 主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)：有(you)桃(tao)細菌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)穿孔病(bing)(bing)、桃(tao)瘡痂(jia)病(bing)(bing)、桃(tao)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)；桃(tao)蚜、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨、蚧類(lei)(lei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 3.10.6.1桃(tao)細菌性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)穿孔病(bing)(bing)：從(cong)(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)3°Be～5°Be石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，消(xiao)滅在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體上(shang)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)菌；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)100萬單位新植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霉素(su)可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d。 3.10.6.2桃(tao)瘡痂(jia)病(bing)(bing)：從(cong)(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌靈(ling)(ling)可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d。 3.10.6.3桃(tao)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)：從(cong)(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋(dai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多抗(kang)(kang)霉素(su)可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)300倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)70%甲基托布津可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)100倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)30d。 3.10.6.4桃(tao)蚜：從(cong)(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋(dai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參堿水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)～2000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d。10％吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)25d。 3.10.6.5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨：從(cong)(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨克水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)5000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%阿維菌素(su)5000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)14d。 3.10.6.6蚧類(lei)(lei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：從(cong)(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，謝花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)10d～15d，防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)白(bai)蚧、朝(chao)鮮(xian)球堅蚧，用(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d；或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)0.2°Be～0.3°Be石硫(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.11果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)處理(li)(li) 　　根據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)(he)(he)市場需(xu)求綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)確(que)定(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)適(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)立(li)即(ji)按要(yao)(yao)(yao)求進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)挑(tiao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包裝(zhuang)，包裝(zhuang)物(wu)應(ying)(ying)清潔(jie)、牢固、無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)、無(wu)異味，包裝(zhuang)物(wu)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)有(you)關標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，編上(shang)標(biao)記，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組織調運至銷售市場或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)貯存(cun)地(di)(di)。 3.12 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)檔案記錄　 要(yao)(yao)(yao)建立(li)田間(jian)技術檔案，對整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)記載，并(bing)妥善(shan)保(bao)存(cun)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)備(bei)查閱。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包裝主要(yao)(yao)采用(yong)彩色(se)紙盒和(he)箱(xiang)式包裝為主，包裝材必(bi)須符合國(guo)家(jia)強行性(xing)技術規(gui)范要(yao)(yao)求。產品有明確(que)標(biao)簽(qian)，內容包括：產品名稱(cheng)，商標(biao)， 產品執行標(biao)準，生產者及銷售者詳細地址，聯系方(fang)式，凈含量(liang)及生產日期。