個舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大草(cao)烏(wu)是產于云南(nan)省(sheng)個舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)及周邊的大草(cao)烏(wu)。大草(cao)烏(wu),中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材(cai)名,為毛茛科(ke)植(zhi)物黃草(cao)烏(wu)和膝瓣(ban)烏(wu)頭的塊根。個舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大草(cao)烏(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)炮制方法(fa):秋、冬季莖葉(xie)枯萎時采挖,除去殘莖、須根,置沸水中(zhong)(zhong)煮4h,刮去外皮,曬干。
滇南草烏多(duo)年(nian)生草本(ben)。塊根胡(hu)蘿卜形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-7cm,直徑7-13mm,有時近細柱狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達12cm。莖(jing)纏(chan)繞,具分枝,被反曲的短柔(rou)毛(mao)。葉互生;葉柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5.5-7.5cm,被反曲的短柔(rou)毛(mao);葉片(pian)(pian)五角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)8-10cm,寬(kuan)9-14cm,3裂(lie)(lie),裂(lie)(lie)至(zhi)距基(ji)部(bu)(bu)6-8mm處,中(zhong)央深裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)3裂(lie)(lie),側(ce)深裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)斜扇形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不(bu)等2裂(lie)(lie),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)疏被短柔(rou)毛(mao),下(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)只(zhi)在(zai)脈(mo)上(shang)(shang)疏被短柔(rou)毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-12cm,有花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)2-6朵,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)和花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)被反曲的短柔(rou)毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5-3.5cm;小苞片(pian)(pian)生花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)附近,狹(xia)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)鉆(zhan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-7mm;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩(liang)性,兩(liang)側(ce)對稱;上(shang)(shang)萼片(pian)(pian)高(gao)盔(kui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),高(gao)2.3-2.6cm,自基(ji)部(bu)(bu)至(zhi)喙長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.8-2.1cm,下(xia)凹(ao),外緣近垂直,喙長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-6mm,側(ce)萼片(pian)(pian)斜,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約1.6cm;藍(lan)紫(zi)色,外面(mian)(mian)(mian)疏被短柔(rou)毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣2,瓣片(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約1.1cm,寬(kuan)約4mm,唇長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約6mm,微(wei)凹(ao),距長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約3mm,向后反曲,無毛(mao);雄蕊多(duo)數(shu),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲全緣,無毛(mao);心皮(pi)5,無毛(mao)。蓇葖果,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-2.2cm。種子多(duo)數(shu),三(san)棱(leng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約3.5mm,只(zhi)在(zai)一面(mian)(mian)(mian)密(mi)生橫膜翅(chi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)10月(yue),果期(qi)10-11月(yue)。
大草(cao)烏在(zai)(zai)臨床上主要有(you)著治療風寒濕(shi)痹、關節疼痛(tong)、心腹(fu)冷痛(tong)等作用(yong),建議要在(zai)(zai)專業(ye)醫(yi)師的指導下(xia)來進行用(yong)藥(yao)。
1、風寒(han)濕痹:出(chu)現風寒(han)濕痹,會(hui)導致(zhi)關(guan)節部位腫(zhong)大,甚(shen)至還會(hui)出(chu)現酸痛等癥狀,使用藥(yao)物能夠達到緩解。
2、關節(jie)(jie)疼痛(tong):在(zai)臨(lin)床上有著一定的鎮痛(tong)效果,能(neng)夠改善出現的關節(jie)(jie)疼痛(tong)和腫大以及炎癥等現象(xiang)。
3、心腹冷(leng)痛:對(dui)于女性出現(xian)的(de)宮寒有著(zhu)治療的(de)效果,能夠起到溫經(jing)止痛的(de)作(zuo)用。
除此(ci)以外還(huan)可以促進血液(ye)循環等,建議要根據自身的(de)情況來選擇。
在(zai)云南省,廣有(you)煮食(shi)大草烏的習慣,煮食(shi)技巧高深,甚(shen)是(shi)危險(xian),每年(nian)均有(you)中毒身亡者(zhe)。
大(da)草烏(wu)的毒(du)(du)性主要是由(you)于其(qi)中含有的多(duo)種生物堿類(lei),主要包括(kuo)烏(wu)頭堿、次烏(wu)頭堿和新烏(wu)頭堿等,它們(men)既是大(da)草烏(wu)的主要藥(yao)效成(cheng)分,又是其(qi)毒(du)(du)性成(cheng)分。就(jiu)好(hao)比一把雙(shuang)刃劍,用好(hao)了可以治病,食用不當就(jiu)能引(yin)起(qi)中毒(du)(du)。
個舊市人工(gong)開發種植(zhi)生(sheng)物藥(yao)材(cai)大草(cao)烏有多(duo)年的歷(li)史,早在90年代中期老廠、錫城等(deng)鄉鎮就將野生(sheng)藥(yao)材(cai)大草(cao)烏進行人工(gong)栽培試驗(yan),獲成功后逐年在南(nan)部山區推廣種植(zhi)。
自2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)市(shi)委政(zheng)府(fu)把種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以大(da)(da)草烏等為(wei)主的(de)生物藥材列入農業“六(liu)大(da)(da)”產業之一加以扶(fu)持發展以來,大(da)(da)草烏發展種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速度(du)較快,當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)全市(shi)大(da)(da)草烏種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)2000畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),總(zong)產量(liang)40萬公斤(jin),平(ping)均每畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產值2200元,總(zong)產值達440萬元,隨后的(de)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間大(da)(da)草烏擴(kuo)(kuo)大(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規模在逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)擴(kuo)(kuo)大(da)(da),到2008年(nian)(nian)(nian),全市(shi)大(da)(da)草烏種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)就達到2950畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),平(ping)均畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產達到363.86公斤(jin),與(yu)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)相比,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)增加550畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),增長22.92%,平(ping)均畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產量(liang)增加了50.16公斤(jin),增產16%,以2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)大(da)(da)草烏市(shi)場(chang)平(ping)均價(jia)每公斤(jin)17元計(ji),畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產值達到6185.6元。
2009年,個舊(jiu)市(shi)的(de)大(da)草烏種植(zhi)(zhi)受2008年高(gao)額產(chan)(chan)值的(de)誘惑,種植(zhi)(zhi)面積首次突破3000畝,達到了(le)3100畝,比08年的(de)2950畝又增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)150畝,增(zeng)長5.1%,大(da)草烏不僅(jin)成為個舊(jiu)地(di)方優勢藥材產(chan)(chan)品(pin),而且(qie)成為個舊(jiu)市(shi)農業的(de)一大(da)支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)業。