桐琴蜜梨以翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉品種為(wei)主(zhu),所產(chan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品充分體現了翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉品種固有(you)的早熟、優質的品質特征。翠(cui)冠果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實近圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)呈青褐色,套袋果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)黃褐色或青綠(lv)色,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點(dian)(dian)較小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)白色,松脆(cui)細(xi)(xi)嫩,汁多味(wei)甜,風味(wei)佳;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。翠(cui)玉果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)端(duan)正,以扁圓(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)主(zhu);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄有(you)光澤(ze),呈黃綠(lv)色或淺綠(lv)色,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點(dian)(dian)小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)白色,肉(rou)(rou)質細(xi)(xi)嫩,松脆(cui)多汁,味(wei)甜爽(shuang)口;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。
地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌(mao):武(wu)義縣位于(yu)浙江省中部,三面環(huan)山(shan)(shan),峰巒連綿,境(jing)(jing)內森林茂(mao)密,植(zhi)被(bei)多樣(yang),森林覆(fu)蓋率高達74%以(yi)上,自(zi)(zi)然生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)優(you)越。境(jing)(jing)內地(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型多樣(yang),形(xing)成武(wu)義和(he)(he)(he)宣平兩個河谷盆地(di),分屬(shu)錢塘(tang)江和(he)(he)(he)甌江二大水(shui)系(xi)。南部宣平盆地(di),四(si)面環(huan)山(shan)(shan)。北(bei)部為武(wu)義盆地(di),地(di)勢低(di)平,低(di)丘崗地(di)、平原平畈面積為32600公頃,平畈平原分布在武(wu)義江及1-2級支流兩側,為近代(dai)河流沖擊而成,水(shui)利(li)條件(jian)較好,土(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou),土(tu)壤肥沃。豐富的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)資源和(he)(he)(he)良好的(de)(de)(de)地(di)形(xing)土(tu)壤條件(jian),適宜于(yu)桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)生長發(fa)育(yu)和(he)(he)(he)大規模發(fa)展,利(li)于(yu)形(xing)成桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜梨(li)(li)獨特的(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)。氣(qi)候(hou)特點:武(wu)義縣屬(shu)中亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),四(si)季(ji)分明,溫(wen)和(he)(he)(he)濕潤,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)充沛。1986-2005年的(de)(de)(de)20年間,年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)17.3℃,年平均(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)1534.48毫米,年平均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數1859小時,年平均(jun)相對濕度80%,無霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)253天,能(neng)充分滿足砂(sha)梨(li)(li)對溫(wen)度、光照(zhao)和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)分的(de)(de)(de)需求。桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜梨(li)(li)保護區位于(yu)武(wu)義縣中北(bei)部,屬(shu)浙江省蜜梨(li)(li)主產區最南部,1月平均(jun)溫(wen)度5.0℃,符合砂(sha)梨(li)(li)對低(di)溫(wen)需求,春(chun)季(ji)回暖早,3底到(dao)4初溫(wen)度15℃-20℃左(zuo)右,最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)一般在5℃以(yi)上,適合梨(li)(li)樹開(kai)花(hua)結實,春(chun)夏果(guo)實膨大期(qi)(qi)(qi)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)充沛,成熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)晴熱干燥,晝夜溫(wen)差大,利(li)于(yu)果(guo)實糖分積累和(he)(he)(he)外觀品質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)提高,上市期(qi)(qi)(qi)比浙北(bei)地(di)區早7-15天。成就了桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜梨(li)(li)比浙北(bei)主產地(di)區相對更為早熟、優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)特性(xing),發(fa)展梨(li)(li)產業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)得天獨厚(hou)。
桐(tong)琴(qin)蜜梨的保護(hu)地域范圍位于浙江省金華市武義縣所轄(xia)桐(tong)琴(qin)鎮、泉溪(xi)鎮、壺山街(jie)道(dao)、白洋街(jie)道(dao)、熟溪(xi)街(jie)道(dao)、溫泉旅游度假區、王(wang)宅鎮、茭道(dao)鎮、履坦(tan)鎮、新宅鎮、大田鄉(xiang)(xiang)、俞(yu)源鄉(xiang)(xiang)、白姆鄉(xiang)(xiang),共13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮街(jie)道(dao)166個行政村(社區)。地理坐標為:東經119°37′00〞-119°58′00〞,北緯28°42′20〞-29°03′00〞。現有梨園面積800公頃,年產量2萬(wan)噸(dun),保護(hu)區面積10200公頃。
桐琴蜜梨以翠冠(guan)(guan)、翠玉(yu)品(pin)種為主,所產(chan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)充分體現了翠冠(guan)(guan)、翠玉(yu)品(pin)種固有的早(zao)熟、優質的品(pin)質特征。翠冠(guan)(guan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實近(jin)圓形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮呈青(qing)(qing)褐色(se)(se),套袋(dai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)黃褐色(se)(se)或青(qing)(qing)綠色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點較小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉白色(se)(se),松脆(cui)細嫩(nen),汁(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)味(wei)甜(tian),風(feng)味(wei)佳;果(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。翠玉(yu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)形端正,以扁圓為主;果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄有光澤,呈黃綠色(se)(se)或淺綠色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉白色(se)(se),肉質細嫩(nen),松脆(cui)多(duo)汁(zhi)(zhi),味(wei)甜(tian)爽口;果(guo)(guo)(guo)心小。內(nei)在品(pin)質指標(biao):可溶(rong)性固形物(wu)≥10.5%,可滴(di)定酸≤0.2%,硬度≥4.0kg/cm2。安全(quan)要求:符合(he)食(shi)品(pin)安全(quan)國家標(biao)準《食(shi)品(pin)中(zhong)農藥(yao)最大殘留限量》(GB2763)的規(gui)定。
桐琴(qin)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)選(xuan)擇交通(tong)方便、地(di)勢開(kai)闊(kuo)、避風向(xiang)陽、排灌良好(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏松的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)丘緩坡、河谷平原為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.8%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH值(zhi)5-8,含(han)鹽(yan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)超過0.2%。建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)應規劃好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)小(xiao)區、道路、溝(gou)渠、蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)池、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產配(pei)套(tao)(tao)設施(shi)(shi)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)房、分(fen)(fen)級包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)場、農(nong)(nong)(nong)資(zi)工具機械貯(zhu)藏(zang)室、冷(leng)庫等(deng)),以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)防(fang)(fang)護系(xi)統和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態循(xun)環(huan)系(xi)統。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)豐(feng)產穩(wen)(wen)產性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao),抗病(bing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)良,適合當地(di)氣候(hou)(hou)特點和(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)、翠(cui)玉為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)花、清(qing)香等(deng)。苗木(mu)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)純正、根系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達(da)、無病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai),一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗粗0.8cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。桐琴(qin)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)常規栽(zai)(zai)培采(cai)(cai)取低(di)(di)干(gan)(gan)密(mi)株(zhu)寬(kuan)(kuan)行(xing)定(ding)植(zhi),株(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)4m×2m,畝栽(zai)(zai)82株(zhu)。新(xin)建(jian)(jian)梨(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan),要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)株(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)擴(kuo)展至(zhi)4-4.5m×3-3.5m,畝栽(zai)(zai)45-55株(zhu),主栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占70-80%,授粉品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占20-30%。定(ding)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)0.4m-0.6m。棚(peng)架栽(zai)(zai)培的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)4m×6m(或(huo)先2m×4m,后(hou)間伐)定(ding)植(zhi),定(ding)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)0.8m-1.0m。栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)時(shi)期為(wei)(wei)(wei)11月(yue)下旬-次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)下旬,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)種(zhong)植(zhi)發(fa)(fa)根早,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長快(kuai)。深翻改(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),施(shi)(shi)足(zu)基(ji)肥(fei):建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)種(zhong)植(zhi)前(qian),挖深、寬(kuan)(kuan)0.8m-1.0m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)穴(xue),穴(xue)施(shi)(shi)30-50kg腐(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)、磷肥(fei)和(he)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)混勻回(hui)填。以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋季(ji)(ji)沿定(ding)植(zhi)穴(xue)外(wai)側(ce)(ce)或(huo)樹(shu)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)線附近,開(kai)挖30-50cm深的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)狀(zhuang)、環(huan)狀(zhuang)或(huo)放(fang)射狀(zhuang)溝(gou),株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)秸稈、綠(lv)肥(fei)、腐(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)30-50kg。地(di)面進(jin)行(xing)秸稈覆蓋(gai),積(ji)累土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang),增強土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)活動,提高(gao)(gao)(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)通(tong)氣透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)力,改(gai)善土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)團粒結構和(he)理(li)(li)(li)化(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang),減輕(qing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)沖刷,增強土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)抗旱(han)能(neng)力,調節地(di)溫和(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)微氣候(hou)(hou)環(huan)境,抑制(zhi)(zhi)雜草生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。施(shi)(shi)追(zhui)肥(fei):幼年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu),3-8月(yue)薄肥(fei)勤施(shi)(shi),澆稀薄人糞尿(niao)或(huo)0.8%-1.0%尿(niao)素。結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)追(zhui)肥(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、壯果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、采(cai)(cai)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。正常投產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu),全年(nian)(nian)(nian)畝施(shi)(shi)純氮(N)13-16kg,磷(P2O5)10-13kg,鉀(K2O)13-16kg,另加(jia)腐(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)1000-2000kg。水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li):梨(li)(li)園(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)三溝(gou)配(pei)套(tao)(tao),能(neng)排能(neng)灌。春、夏多(duo)雨季(ji)(ji)節疏通(tong)溝(gou)渠,防(fang)(fang)止積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。4-7月(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期,在(zai)連(lian)續晴天(tian)7-12日即(ji)進(jin)行(xing)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui),高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫季(ji)(ji)節灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)應在(zai)傍晚進(jin)行(xing)。常規栽(zai)(zai)培采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)干(gan)(gan)矮冠(guan)(guan)(guan)樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)(以(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)單層(ceng)開(kai)心形(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主)整形(xing)(xing),主干(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)0.3m-0.5m,主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3-4個,分(fen)(fen)布均勻,開(kai)張角度(du)50°左(zuo)右,在(zai)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)直接配(pei)置側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)角度(du)單軸延伸(shen),同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)是大(da)型結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu),每個側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3-5年(nian)(nian)(nian),輪換(huan)更新(xin)。幼年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)輕(qing)剪(jian),增加(jia)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie)量(liang)(liang)(liang),在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)(ji)通(tong)過拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),開(kai)張骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)。結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)重點是培養強健的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)勢,維持良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡關(guan)系(xi)和(he)主從關(guan)系(xi);上(shang)摘帽子側(ce)(ce)開(kai)窗,疏縮直枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亮(liang)內膛,以(yi)(yi)(yi)改(gai)善樹(shu)體內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風透(tou)(tou)光條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian);結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)去弱留(liu)(liu)壯,去上(shang)留(liu)(liu)斜,去遠留(liu)(liu)近,3年(nian)(nian)(nian)更新(xin),5年(nian)(nian)(nian)歸(gui)位(wei),保(bao)持結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)化(hua),新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)形(xing)(xing)成,有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。疏花疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):冬(dong)剪(jian)時(shi)疏去過多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),間距(ju)10-15cm留(liu)(liu)1個花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。盛(sheng)花后(hou)10-25天(tian)開(kai)始(shi)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),保(bao)留(liu)(liu)縱向(xiang)發(fa)(fa)育良好(hao),萼端(duan)突(tu)出,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄發(fa)(fa)達(da),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面光亮(liang),發(fa)(fa)育健壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。同(tong)一(yi)花序保(bao)留(liu)(liu)第3-4位(wei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)個果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺(tai)留(liu)(liu)1-2個果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),畝留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)8000-10000個,畝產量(liang)(liang)(liang)連(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)在(zai)2000kg左(zuo)右。套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai):要(yao)根據不(bu)(bu)同(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)蠟質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)厚、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。盛(sheng)花后(hou)40-60天(tian)完(wan)成套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)、翠(cui)玉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產綠(lv)皮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)須進(jin)行(xing)2次(ci)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),花后(hou)15-20天(tian)套(tao)(tao)白色(se)小(xiao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),30天(tian)后(hou)加(jia)套(tao)(tao)外(wai)黃(huang)內白雙層(ceng)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)前(qian)必須全面噴施(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji),在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面干(gan)(gan)燥后(hou)開(kai)始(shi)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),分(fen)(fen)批噴藥(yao)(yao),分(fen)(fen)批套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)接:翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)隨(sui)著樹(shu)齡(ling)增大(da),早期落葉(xie)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)重,引起后(hou)期返青開(kai)花,嚴重影響來年(nian)(nian)(nian)產量(liang)(liang)(liang),成為(wei)(wei)(wei)翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)梨(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)桐琴(qin)蜜(mi)梨(li)(li)產業發(fa)(fa)展中最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)約因素。秋季(ji)(ji)花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁(jia)接可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)最有(you)(you)效地(di)補救(jiu)來年(nian)(nian)(nian)產量(liang)(liang)(liang),花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁(jia)接一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)切接法(fa),以(yi)(yi)(yi)10月(yue)下旬-11月(yue)下旬較好(hao),接穗粗度(du)大(da)于(yu)1.0cm,每枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)段帶3-4個飽滿花芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),長度(du)15-20cm。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)控 堅(jian)持“預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,綜合防(fang)(fang)治”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)方針,以(yi)(yi)(yi)植(zhi)物(wu)檢疫、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治、物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,根據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律(lv),因時(shi)、因地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜,綜合運(yun)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治、物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治,盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)減少化(hua)學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治,安(an)全、經濟、有(you)(you)效地(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。加(jia)強土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li),增強樹(shu)勢;合理(li)(li)(li)修剪(jian),改(gai)善通(tong)風透(tou)(tou)光條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian);徹底清(qing)園(yuan)(yuan),降(jiang)低(di)(di)蟲(chong)(chong)口密(mi)度(du)和(he)病(bing)原基(ji)數;及(ji)時(shi)套(tao)(tao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),保(bao)護梨(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)讓病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)侵入。加(jia)強病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)預測(ce)預報,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效低(di)(di)毒、對天(tian)敵殺(sha)(sha)傷力低(di)(di)、對環(huan)境污染小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji),提高(gao)(gao)(gao)噴藥(yao)(yao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),減少用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)次(ci)數。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)次(ci)數和(he)安(an)全間隔期按GB 4285、GB/T 8321、NY/T 1276規定(ding)執行(xing),禁用(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)和(he)致畸、致癌、致突(tu)變(bian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。采(cai)(cai)收和(he)貯(zhu)運(yun)當果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面變(bian)色(se)呈現該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)固(gu)有(you)(you)色(se)澤(ze),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)由硬變(bian)脆(cui),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)易和(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺(tai)脫離,種(zhong)子變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)褐色(se),即(ji)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)收。一(yi)般(ban)分(fen)(fen)批采(cai)(cai)收,先采(cai)(cai)大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),輕(qing)采(cai)(cai)輕(qing)放(fang),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容器必須墊(dian)柔軟緩沖材料,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)避免日曬雨淋,及(ji)時(shi)分(fen)(fen)級,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱。產品(pin)(pin)應貯(zhu)放(fang)在(zai)通(tong)風、陰涼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庫房內。有(you)(you)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)庫貯(zhu)藏(zang)或(huo)冷(leng)鏈運(yun)輸。