五里界界豆鮮品(pin)外觀為水滴形,顆(ke)粒(li)(li)飽滿,口感質地脆嫩,富含粘(zhan)液(ye),淡辛香味。成熟(shu)的籽粒(li)(li)呈米黃色,種(zhong)臍(qi)黃褐色,臍(qi)眼有(you)黃色裂痕;外形為橢圓形,種(zhong)皮(pi)光滑;籽粒(li)(li)飽滿、粒(li)(li)小(xiao),百粒(li)(li)重12~13克。特別適宜各類(lei)加(jia)工。
五里界(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)豆的生產(chan)地域范(fan)圍為湖北(bei)省武漢市(shi)江夏區所轄(xia)的五里界(jie)(jie)街(jie)錦繡村(cun)、毛家畈村(cun)、李家店(dian)村(cun)、東湖街(jie)村(cun)、群益村(cun)、孫家店(dian)村(cun)、唐涂(tu)村(cun)、童周嶺村(cun)8個村(cun),地理坐(zuo)標為東經(jing)114°27′~114°33′,北(bei)緯30°01′~30°13′。總種植面積100公頃(qing),年總產(chan)量(liang)200噸(dun)。
(1)外在感(gan)觀(guan)特征 界豆鮮品外觀(guan)為水(shui)滴形(xing),顆粒(li)(li)飽滿(man),口(kou)感(gan)質地脆嫩,富含(han)粘液,淡辛香(xiang)味。成熟的籽粒(li)(li)呈(cheng)米黃色,種臍黃褐色,臍眼有黃色裂痕;外形(xing)為橢圓形(xing),種皮光滑(hua);籽粒(li)(li)飽滿(man)、粒(li)(li)小,百粒(li)(li)重12~13克。特別適宜(yi)各類加工。
(2)內(nei)在品質指標 五里(li)界界豆(dou),營(ying)養豐富,蛋白質≥39%,脂肪≥12%,粗纖維≤11%。
(3)安全要求 界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)符合(he)《大豆(dou)(dou)》(GB 1352)、《農藥安全使用(yong)規(gui)范(fan) 總則(ze)》(NY/T 1276)和《肥料合(he)理使用(yong)準則(ze)》(NY/T 496)的有關規(gui)定。界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)執行(xing)《無公害農產(chan)品生產(chan)質量安全控制技術規(gui)范(fan)》(NY/T 2798.2)標準。
(一)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情況 江(jiang)夏區(qu)(qu)境屬江(jiang)漢(han)平原(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)鄂南丘陵過渡地段(duan),地形特(te)征(zheng)是中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)高,西靠長江(jiang),東向(xiang)(xiang)湖區(qu)(qu)緩斜。區(qu)(qu)境為(wei)我國紅壤(rang)(rang)的(de)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)邊緣,又是黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)的(de)南緣,濱江(jiang)抱(bao)湖的(de)地理位置有(you)(you)潮土(tu)(tu)分(fen)布(bu)。北(bei)部(bu)(bu)垅(long)崗(gang)(gang)平原(yuan)以(yi)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)和潮土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)低丘垅(long)崗(gang)(gang)平原(yuan)皆為(wei)紅壤(rang)(rang),南部(bu)(bu)垅(long)崗(gang)(gang)平原(yuan)區(qu)(qu)集中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu),西部(bu)(bu)平原(yuan)以(yi)潮土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主。五(wu)里界界豆生產(chan)地域范圍土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)紅壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)主,pH 6.6~7.5,有(you)(you)機質(zhi)、堿解氮、速效(xiao)(xiao)磷及(ji)速效(xiao)(xiao)鉀平均(jun)含(han)量分(fen)別為(wei)23.41g/kg、106.40mg/kg、15.00mg/kg以(yi)及(ji)117.90mg/kg,這種無(wu)任何污染的(de)紅壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu),能滿足界豆生長所需的(de)基本土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養分(fen),為(wei)界豆特(te)有(you)(you)品質(zhi)的(de)形成提供了保障。
(二)水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況 江(jiang)(jiang)夏區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)西臨(lin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang),東(dong)(dong)北、西南三面(mian)臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu),間以水(shui)(shui)庫塘堰,形成江(jiang)(jiang)湖(hu)(hu)環抱之勢。由(you)(you)于(yu)地勢南北狹長(chang)(chang)(chang)而東(dong)(dong)西傾斜(xie),境(jing)(jing)內水(shui)(shui)系(xi)呈離心扇形,按自然出(chu)(chu)江(jiang)(jiang)口劃分:金(jin)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)金(jin)口入長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang),梁(liang)子湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)樊(fan)口閘(zha),湯(tang)遜(xun)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)武(wu)泰閘(zha)。較大(da)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)有(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he),長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流經區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)境(jing)(jing)段(duan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)31.5公里,金(jin)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)境(jing)(jing)流程42公里,在金(jin)水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)入長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)。較大(da)的(de)湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)有(you)(you):西涼湖(hu)(hu)、斧頭湖(hu)(hu)系(xi),由(you)(you)5個湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)組成,與(yu)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)相通(tong);梁(liang)子湖(hu)(hu)系(xi)由(you)(you)3個湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)組成,與(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)相連;湯(tang)遜(xun)湖(hu)(hu)系(xi)由(you)(you)5個湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)組成,積(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)由(you)(you)海口閘(zha)、陳山頭閘(zha)和(he)武(wu)泰閘(zha)流入長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)境(jing)(jing)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)、湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)、河(he)(he)灘、湖(hu)(hu)灘、水(shui)(shui)庫等(deng)水(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達6.467萬公頃(qing),占全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)版圖面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)三分之一。全(quan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)可養水(shui)(shui)面(mian)3.84萬公頃(qing),是武(wu)漢市水(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)最大(da)的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),無污(wu)染的(de)清(qing)潔水(shui)(shui)源,保障了界豆(dou)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)所需的(de)優質(zhi)灌溉用水(shui)(shui)。
(三)氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian) 江夏區屬中亞(ya)熱帶(dai)向北亞(ya)熱帶(dai)過渡(du)的(de)濕(shi)潤季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)介于15.9~17.9℃之間(jian),歷年(nian)平(ping)均值為(wei)16.8℃。年(nian)總降水量(liang)(liang)889.2~1862.6mm,歷年(nian)平(ping)均降水量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1347.7mm。日(ri)照時數為(wei)1450~2050h。溫(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)潤、四季(ji)分明(ming),亞(ya)熱帶(dai)大陸季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)特征(zheng)十分明(ming)顯。完全符合界豆生長發育所需的(de)溫(wen)(wen)、光、氣(qi)等氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)。但(dan)不同年(nian)型(xing)的(de)光、熱、水年(nian)季(ji)分布振(zhen)幅較(jiao)大,常(chang)形(xing)成旱澇災害、低溫(wen)(wen)、陰雨寡照,對(dui)農業生產造成一(yi)定危害。
(一)產地(di)選擇與特(te)色內(nei)容規定(ding) 五里界界豆產于江(jiang)夏區五里界街(jie)孫(sun)家店(dian)村(cun)、童周村(cun)等(deng)8個村(cun)。五里界界豆產地(di)資源條件優越,光照充足,降水充沛,湖泊(bo)縱橫,水資源十分豐富,具有(you)良好的(de)自然環(huan)境(jing)和(he)生態(tai)條件。產地(di)環(huan)繞梁子湖,在其特(te)有(you)的(de)地(di)理環(huan)境(jing)和(he)特(te)殊的(de)土(tu)質環(huan)境(jing)、潔(jie)凈的(de)空氣、清澈(che)的(de)灌(guan)溉(gai)水及(ji)(ji)耕作制度均(jun)符合(he)《無公害食品(pin)產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)評價(jia)準(zhun)則》(NY/T 5295)的(de)規定(ding)。產地(di)水源充足、地(di)勢平緩(huan)、排(pai)灌(guan)便利及(ji)(ji)保水性好,種植戶種界豆經驗豐富。
(二)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定要求 五里界界豆(dou)為五里界主要農作物之(zhi)一,其因歷史的種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)悠(you)久(jiu)(1000年以上),通過歷代(dai)本地農民的嚴格挑選留種(zhong)(zhong),保(bao)留下來(lai)“六月爆”這個(ge)地方(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),其產品(pin)外形整(zheng)齊美觀,在豐(feng)產性(xing)、營養性(xing)和商品(pin)性(xing)等方(fang)面(mian)優于外來(lai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
(三)生產過程管(guan)理 1、五(wu)里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)種(zhong)植(zhi) (1)環境選擇 五(wu)里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)的適應性廣,種(zhong)植(zhi)區域(yu)全年氣(qi)候(hou)溫和(he),雨(yu)量充足,四季(ji)分明,小氣(qi)候(hou)優質(zhi)明顯,平均氣(qi)溫16℃,最高(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫38℃,年降水量1200毫(hao)米左(zuo)右(you),無霜(shuang)期260天左(zuo)右(you),屬丘陵亞熱(re)帶氣(qi)候(hou),土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量比周圍高(gao)(gao)(gao)1.2倍(bei),速效鉀高(gao)(gao)(gao)1倍(bei),含鋅高(gao)(gao)(gao)2.9倍(bei),含鎂高(gao)(gao)(gao)1.7倍(bei)栽培,較適合(he)種(zhong)植(zhi)界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)。當(dang)地(di)農(nong)戶有(you)豐富(fu)的種(zhong)植(zhi)經驗,能夠(gou)根據界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)的生育特點做(zuo)好田間(jian)管(guan)理,促進界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)生產。
(2)空氣(qi)質量(liang) 五里界(jie)界(jie)豆基地的環境(jing)空氣(qi)質量(liang),符合國家《環境(jing)空氣(qi)質量(liang)標準》(GB 3095)中規(gui)定的標準要求。
(3)用水質(zhi)量 基(ji)地灌溉(gai)(gai)用水無污染,符合《農田灌溉(gai)(gai)水質(zhi)標(biao)準》(GB 5084)。
(4)土(tu)(tu)壤質量 應選用(yong)未(wei)種過界豆(dou)及其他蠶豆(dou)類的(de)地(di)塊(kuai)。界豆(dou)適(shi)于(yu)肥沃土(tu)(tu)壤栽培,但以排水良(liang)好的(de)疏(shu)松壤土(tu)(tu),pH值6.5~7.5中(zhong)性砂(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)為佳(jia);界豆(dou)吸肥力強,在(zai)砂(sha)壤土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)量最高,品質最好;適(shi)于(yu)間、套作(zuo)(zuo),忌連作(zuo)(zuo)。可在(zai)旱地(di)玉米、馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯、西瓜、芝(zhi)麻、大豆(dou)、花生后茬(cha)種或與水稻輪作(zuo)(zuo),最好每年換地(di)輪作(zuo)(zuo)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)農(nong)戶在(zai)長期生產(chan)(chan)實踐(jian)中(zhong),已(yi)形成了輪作(zuo)(zuo)換茬(cha)種植界豆(dou)的(de)習(xi)慣。基地(di)土(tu)(tu)壤質量符合《土(tu)(tu)壤環(huan)境(jing)質量 農(nong)用(yong)地(di)土(tu)(tu)壤污染(ran)風險管控標準(試行)》(GB 15618)。
(5)五里界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植 選(xuan)(xuan)擇本地(di)春大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):六月爆(bao)。武(wu)昌六月爆(bao),系江夏區(原武(wu)昌縣)春大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)地(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),適(shi)應(ying)強(qiang),早熟豐產,品(pin)(pin)質好(hao),有(you)限(xian)結(jie)莢(jia)(jia),株(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)75㎝左右,葉橢(tuo)圓形,紫(zi)花(hua)(hua),茸毛(mao),黑色。籽(zi)粒(li)呈橢(tuo)圓形,黃色,百粒(li)重12~13克,全生(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)100~110天(tian)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子選(xuan)(xuan)擇:選(xuan)(xuan)擇的是(shi)大小適(shi)中,符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)本品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特征的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,應(ying)剔除病(bing)斑粒(li)、蟲(chong)(chong)食粒(li)、雜(za)質,為(wei)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)證提(ti)供保(bao)(bao)(bao)障。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li):將豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)置于太陽下(xia)暴(bao)曬(shai)(shai)1~2天(tian),以(yi)(yi)咬脆裂(lie)為(wei)適(shi)度(du),之后(hou)(hou)(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)鉬肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2克溶(rong)(rong)入(ru)少許(xu)熱水(shui),冷卻后(hou)(hou)(hou)與(yu)1公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子充分拌勻(yun),提(ti)高(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)芽(ya)勢和(he)(he)發(fa)芽(ya)率。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前先深(shen)耕(geng)20~24㎝,土(tu)壤疏松,結(jie)構良好(hao),保(bao)(bao)(bao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)水(shui)力強(qiang),通(tong)氣(qi)性好(hao),整(zheng)細(xi)(xi)耙平(ping),深(shen)翻(fan)曬(shai)(shai)壟,做到田(tian)平(ping)土(tu)細(xi)(xi),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)按(an)(an)(an)2~3m寬開(kai)廂(xiang),并開(kai)好(hao)三(san)溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)寬0.3m,廂(xiang)溝(gou)(gou)、腰溝(gou)(gou)、圍溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)度(du)依次(ci)為(wei)0.3m、0.4m、0.5m,做到溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)相通(tong),以(yi)(yi)利排(pai)水(shui)和(he)(he)抗旱(han)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)原則:界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)應(ying)以(yi)(yi)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)輔,多(duo)施(shi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei):每(mei)667㎡基施(shi)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)~1500公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),硫酸(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)型復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)20公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。最(zui)適(shi)宜播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)3月下(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)明(ming)前。界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)穴(xue)播(bo)(bo),也(ye)有(you)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)撒播(bo)(bo)、條播(bo)(bo),播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)度(du)2~5㎝,穴(xue)距15~27㎝,每(mei)穴(xue)3~5粒(li)。2、田(tian)間管理(li)(li) 界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)即開(kai)始田(tian)間管理(li)(li)。①查苗(miao)補(bu)缺:苗(miao)出(chu)(chu)齊后(hou)(hou)(hou)對缺苗(miao)進(jin)行補(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或補(bu)苗(miao);②中耕(geng)除草(cao):界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)田(tian)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)中耕(geng)除草(cao),主要(yao)(yao)三(san)次(ci):第(di)一次(ci)剛(gang)出(chu)(chu)真葉時(shi)(shi),淺中耕(geng);第(di)二次(ci)3~4片(pian)葉時(shi)(shi),深(shen)中耕(geng);第(di)三(san)次(ci)分枝(zhi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)苗(miao)高(gao)23~27厘(li)米時(shi)(shi),淺中耕(geng),結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)培土(tu);③灌(guan)溉(gai)與(yu)排(pai)漬:界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)耐旱(han)怕漬,平(ping)時(shi)(shi)根據生(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水(shui)份要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行灌(guan)溉(gai);④化(hua)學調控:為(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)陡長,倒伏,減少落花(hua)(hua)落莢(jia)(jia),花(hua)(hua)前每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)15%多(duo)效唑(zuo)60克兌水(shui)50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)。追肥(fei)(fei)(fei):依據苗(miao)情(qing)施(shi)用(yong)(yong):第(di)一片(pian)復(fu)葉展開(kai)時(shi)(shi),及(ji)時(shi)(shi)追適(shi)量氮磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)尿素(su)3~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)7~15公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin);分枝(zhi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主意(yi)追磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei);初花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一般每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)硫酸(suan)銨(an)和(he)(he)過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)7~10公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin);結(jie)莢(jia)(jia)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行根噴(pen)(pen)過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)溶(rong)(rong)液40~70公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。鼓(gu)粒(li)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行葉面噴(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),一般用(yong)(yong)過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)(gai)2%噴(pen)(pen)施(shi),每(mei)次(ci)40~50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu),也(ye)用(yong)(yong)0.05%鉬酸(suan)銨(an)溶(rong)(rong)液噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)。3、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 平(ping)時(shi)(shi)加強(qiang)田(tian)間觀察,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)。界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)以(yi)(yi)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)主,主要(yao)(yao)有(you)地(di)下(xia)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(蠐螬、地(di)老虎)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)莢(jia)(jia)螟、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)天(tian)蛾(e)等。農業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi):(1)輪(lun)作換茬:界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)可與(yu)水(shui)稻、油菜等作物輪(lun)作。(2)重視留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)曬(shai)(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。(3)防(fang)(fang)漬防(fang)(fang)澇(lao),確保(bao)(bao)(bao)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)健壯生(sheng)長;合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)配方施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),增施(shi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),提(ti)高(gao)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)抗病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能力;深(shen)翻(fan)整(zheng)地(di)曬(shai)(shai)土(tu),及(ji)時(shi)(shi)清(qing)除病(bing)殘植株(zhu)(zhu);撒生(sheng)石灰(hui)調節酸(suan)堿度(du);有(you)條件地(di)方可灌(guan)水(shui)殺蟲(chong)(chong),減少越夏蟲(chong)(chong)源。(4)引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)格檢(jian)疫,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)。 化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi): (1)土(tu)壤消毒結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)一次(ci)撒底肥(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)667㎡用(yong)(yong)10%辛硫磷(lin)(lin)或3%好(hao)年(nian)冬顆(ke)粒(li)劑(ji)3~5㎏混施(shi)于豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)根周圍。(2)推廣使用(yong)(yong)高(gao)效低毒低殘留農藥(yao)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai),禁止使用(yong)(yong)高(gao)毒高(gao)殘留農藥(yao)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)可10%氯(lv)蟲(chong)(chong)苯(ben)甲酰胺(an)懸浮劑(ji)等藥(yao)劑(ji),注意(yi)輪(lun)換用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。4、界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)制(zhi)(zhi)作工(gong)藝 (1)采(cai)(cai)收 大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)收獲期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)黃熟末(mo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)完(wan)熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),趁早晨露(lu)水(shui)未干(gan)時(shi)(shi)收割,收獲后(hou)(hou)(hou)堆放3--5天(tian),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)帶莢(jia)(jia)暴(bao)曬(shai)(shai)至(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)脫(tuo)粒(li)。(2)包裝 產品(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou),迅速就地(di)按(an)(an)(an)加工(gong)標(biao)準進(jin)行整(zheng)理(li)(li),挑選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)病(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)蛀、癟小、機械(xie)損傷(shang)、青頭(tou)等界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),按(an)(an)(an)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、規格分別做好(hao)標(biao)簽(qian)、包裝,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)送交加工(gong)單位。運輸工(gong)具要(yao)(yao)清(qing)潔、衛生(sheng)、無(wu)污染、無(wu)雜(za)物,包裝運輸過程中應(ying)避免接觸污染物。保(bao)(bao)(bao)證存放界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)容器及(ji)環境(jing)的衛生(sheng),觀察界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)顏色變化(hua),杜絕出(chu)(chu)現白酶。
(四(si))生(sheng)產(chan)記錄要求(qiu) 建立生(sheng)產(chan)檔案,對品(pin)種、肥料施(shi)用(yong)、病蟲(chong)害防治、采收和其它田間管(guan)理措施(shi)及產(chan)品(pin)去向等進行記載(zai)。生(sheng)產(chan)檔案應有(you)專人專管(guan),保存期不少于3年(nian)。