陽山西洋菜,廣東省清遠市(shi)陽山縣特(te)產(chan),全國農產(chan)品地理標志。
陽山(shan)縣屬南亞(ya)熱(re)帶向(xiang)中亞(ya)熱(re)帶過度的季風氣候區(qu),春秋(qiu)短(duan)而夏日長,晝夜溫(wen)差大,溫(wen)、光、水資(zi)源豐富,四(si)季分明,氣候溫(wen)和(he),雨量充沛,適宜(yi)種植(zhi)西洋菜。陽山(shan)西洋菜植(zhi)株一般長30-40厘米(mi),莖粗約0.7厘米(mi),莖橫切(qie)面近圓(yuan),莖節有抽生(sheng)須根;色(se)澤青綠色(se),葉(xie)為奇數羽狀復葉(xie),葉(xie)片呈卵形(xing)或近圓(yuan)形(xing);質地脆嫩、多汁(zhi),清香爽口。
2018年7月3日,中華人民(min)共(gong)和國農(nong)業(ye)農(nong)村部正式(shi)批準對“陽山(shan)西洋菜(cai)”實施(shi)農(nong)產品地理標志登記保護。
陽山西洋菜產自桂(gui)湘贛(gan)粵褶皺(zhou)帶(dai)與桂(gui)粵隆起交界地(di)(di)帶(dai)廣東(dong)省西北部的清(qing)遠市陽山縣。保護區域范圍(wei)為陽山縣轄區域內,主要(yao)包括陽城鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大崀鎮(zhen)(zhen)、小江鎮(zhen)(zhen)、江英(ying)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、秤(cheng)架鄉(xiang)、嶺背(bei)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、黎埠(bu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、七拱(gong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、青蓮鎮(zhen)(zhen)等9個(鄉(xiang))鎮(zhen)(zhen),地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為東(dong)經112°22′01″-113°01′06″,北緯(wei)23°58′47″-24°55′52″之間。適宜種植面積(ji)1200公頃(qing)(qing),現有種植面積(ji)700公頃(qing)(qing),年產量6.3萬噸(dun)。
地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao):境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形復雜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、河谷平(ping)(ping)原交錯,其中山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)約占全縣(xian)總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)90%,盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及沖積(ji)平(ping)(ping)原約占10%,海(hai)拔(ba)在(zai)50-1902米海(hai)拔(ba),千米以上高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)150多(duo)(duo)(duo)座,屬于典型(xing)的(de)喀斯特地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao),海(hai)拔(ba)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大,從海(hai)拔(ba)最低(di)50米到最高(gao)的(de)1902米,形成垂直溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)氣(qi)候,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)相(xiang)差(cha)9-10℃,有(you)“盛夏(xia)無(wu)酷暑,十里不(bu)同天”的(de)氣(qi)候條件。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條件:陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型(xing)豐(feng)富(fu),主(zhu)要有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)草甸土(tu)(tu)、石灰土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、潮沙泥土(tu)(tu)。根據土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)普(pu)查,陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養(yang)分(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang),除速(su)效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)低(di)外(wai),其他養(yang)分(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)豐(feng)富(fu)。其中有(you)效(xiao)磷含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)均32.6mg/kg,變(bian)幅(fu)(fu)5.1-149.4mg/kg之間(jian)(jian),速(su)效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)71mg/kg,變(bian)幅(fu)(fu)在(zai)14-397mg/kg之間(jian)(jian),Ph值變(bian)幅(fu)(fu)范圍4.40-7.9。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu)。一是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)充裕,屬珠江(jiang)流(liu)域北江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)小(xiao)河流(liu)眾多(duo)(duo)(duo),集雨(yu)面積(ji)100平(ping)(ping)方公里以上的(de)主(zhu)、支河流(liu)有(you)13條,流(liu)大多(duo)(duo)(duo)屬山(shan)(shan)(shan)區型(xing),縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)年均徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)79.08億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方米(不(bu)含(han)(han)(han)過(guo)境(jing)(jing)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),過(guo)境(jing)(jing)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)38.6億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方米。已建中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)3宗(zong)、小(xiao)(一)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)11宗(zong)、小(xiao)(二)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)38宗(zong),較(jiao)大的(de)塘壩129宗(zong),總(zong)控制(zhi)集雨(yu)面積(ji)252.29平(ping)(ping)方公里,總(zong)庫(ku)容1.096億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方米,農業灌溉(gai)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)大部分(fen)(fen)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉(gai)。二是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)冷(leng)泉(quan)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泉(quan)。冷(leng)泉(quan)也(ye)稱巖(yan)洞(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(多(duo)(duo)(duo)屬礦泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))遍(bian)布(bu)全縣(xian)。按測流(liu)法計算基巖(yan)裂間(jian)(jian)隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)巖(yan)溶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)天然排泄量(liang)(liang)(liang)計,平(ping)(ping)均為428.26萬立(li)(li)(li)方米,相(xiang)當(dang)于15.63億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方米/年。這些(xie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),有(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)補充了縣(xian)內(nei)(nei)部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)灌溉(gai)。氣(qi)候情況:本(ben)縣(xian)屬南亞熱帶(dai)向中亞熱帶(dai)過(guo)度(du)(du)的(de)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候區,春(chun)秋短(duan)而夏(xia)日長,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、光、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu),四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明(ming),氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛。域內(nei)(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)比平(ping)(ping)原氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)熱時空分(fen)(fen)布(bu)不(bu)均,形成明(ming)顯山(shan)(shan)(shan)區立(li)(li)(li)體氣(qi)候。全年最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)7-8月(yue),平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)23℃-28.50℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)35℃-41℃。最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)1-2月(yue),極度(du)(du)最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為-8℃-3.2℃,無(wu)霜期為270-310天。光能豐(feng)裕,年平(ping)(ping)均日照總(zong)時數為1568.3小(xiao)時,平(ping)(ping)均年降(jiang)雨(yu)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為1500-2200毫米,雨(yu)季(ji)主(zhu)要在(zai)4-6月(yue),其次是(shi)7-9月(yue)。
外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:陽山西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)菜植株一(yi)般長(chang)30-40cm,莖粗(cu)約0.7cm,莖橫切面近圓(yuan),莖節(jie)有抽生(sheng)須根;色(se)澤青(qing)綠色(se),葉(xie)為奇數羽狀(zhuang)復葉(xie),葉(xie)片呈卵(luan)形或(huo)近圓(yuan)形;質(zhi)地(di)脆嫩、多汁,清香爽口(kou)。內(nei)在(zai)品質(zhi)指(zhi)標:經(jing)檢(jian)測,陽山西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)菜含(han)粗(cu)纖維≤1.2%,每(mei)百克(ke)含(han)維生(sheng)素C37-55毫克(ke),除此之外(wai),還(huan)富含(han)鐵、鋅(xin)、含(han)鈣(gai)、含(han)磷等營養成分(fen)。安全要求(qiu)(qiu):陽山西(xi)洋(yang)(yang)菜產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)要符(fu)合無(wu)公害(hai)食品蔬菜類(lei)產(chan)品產(chan)地(di)環境(jing)條件的要求(qiu)(qiu),產(chan)品質(zhi)量符(fu)合無(wu)公害(hai)農產(chan)品標準要求(qiu)(qiu)。