一.產品介紹
連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)歷(li)(li)來是(shi)廣(guang)東省蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生產重地,蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植享有(you)(you)(you)盛名,其中菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)“名品(pin)”,連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)有(you)(you)(you)著上千年(nian)歷(li)(li)史,早在(zai)公元608年(nian)前(qian),連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)龍口(kou)村的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)戶就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)植菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)習慣,從那以后從未間斷,距今(jin)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)1600多年(nian)歷(li)(li)史。上世紀(ji)70年(nian)代連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)代“牛(niu)耕犁(li)耙田模型(xing)”陶(tao)器,說(shuo)明(ming)西晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)耕作(zuo)(zuo)技術在(zai)當時(shi)(shi)全國稻作(zuo)(zuo)地區中處于領(ling)先地位(wei)。在(zai)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)民間流傳(chuan)(chuan)著一(yi)個悲壯(zhuang)神奇的(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)故事----《邵(shao)廷絹(juan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)為營退宋(song)兵》。傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo),大寶十三年(nian)(公元970)九(jiu)月,雄踞北(bei)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)宋(song)朝派遣(qian)潘美為帥,攻(gong)打嶺南一(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)南漢王朝,南漢皇(huang)帝劉(liu)鋹請邵(shao)廷絹(juan)出山破敵。邵(shao)廷絹(juan)領(ling)命,讓(rang)家(jia)鄉父老兄弟種(zhong)白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)。白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)長出菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)后,邵(shao)廷絹(juan)作(zuo)(zuo)法用(yong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)布陣作(zuo)(zuo)營嚇退了宋(song)軍。宋(song)軍打了敗戰后,設計讓(rang)劉(liu)鋹將邵(shao)廷絹(juan)賜死(si)(si)。邵(shao)廷絹(juan)一(yi)死(si)(si),關(guan)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)巨木柵欄和(he)兵士(shi)們都(dou)(dou)變成(cheng)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。宋(song)軍很快(kuai)就(jiu)將南漢滅掉了。 隨后,潘美命軍士(shi)將數百(bai)畝菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)全部斬掉,吃了以泄心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)頭之氣。誰知白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)被斬之后,第(di)二天(tian)又(you)長出來了,一(yi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)數次(ci),越(yue)(yue)長越(yue)(yue)旺。潘美和(he)宋(song)兵吃了幾頓(dun)白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)后,覺(jue)(jue)得(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)甜爽可(ke)口(kou),覺(jue)(jue)得(de)每(mei)餐都(dou)(dou)離不開菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)了。連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)美味從此傳(chuan)(chuan)播開來,種(zhong)了一(yi)年(nian)又(you)一(yi)年(nian)。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因(yin)素
(1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)五(wu)嶺(ling)中(zhong)之萌(meng)渚(zhu)嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)麓,境內(nei)崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling),主(zhu)要是(shi)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di),丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)崗巒(luan)星(xing)羅棋布。主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)有(you)綿(mian)延豐(feng)陽(yang)、瑤(yao)安(an)一帶(dai)(dai)的簸箕(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)天(tian)堂嶺(ling),海(hai)拔1712米(mi),為(wei)本(ben)市最高(gao)峰(feng)(feng),位于(yu)(yu)瑤(yao)安(an)與湖南(nan)(nan)省蘭(lan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣交界處(chu);橫跨東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)潭嶺(ling)、朝天(tian)、西(xi)江(jiang)一帶(dai)(dai)之大東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)巖坑(keng)山(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔1604米(mi),為(wei)本(ben)市次高(gao)峰(feng)(feng),位于(yu)(yu)朝天(tian)與陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)交界處(chu);其余山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)多(duo)在1000米(mi)以下。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)占全(quan)市總面積的72.2%,丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)占15.9%。本(ben)市地(di)(di)(di)(di)形,因東(dong)面有(you)大東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),由(you)東(dong)北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)(nan);西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)大龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),由(you)西(xi)北(bei)向西(xi)南(nan)(nan);北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)簸箕(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),形成(cheng)西(xi)、北(bei)、東(dong)三面山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)稍低,均(jun)為(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)。星(xing)子、大路邊(bian)、朝天(tian)、麻步等(deng)鄉鎮大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)(di)區為(wei)小盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di);清水、豐(feng)陽(yang)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、東(dong)陂北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di);西(xi)岸、東(dong)陂兩鄉鎮河流(liu)兩岸為(wei)河谷盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di);保安(an)、附城及九陂等(deng)鄉鎮部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)(di)區為(wei)連州丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
(2)水(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)有星子河(he),發源(yuan)于(yu)大(da)東(dong)山脈,它是珠江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)北江(jiang)水(shui)系的(de)主要(yao)支流(liu),發源(yuan)地近處建有一(yi)個大(da)型的(de)潭嶺水(shui)庫。保安(an)河(he)、東(dong)陂河(he)發源(yuan)于(yu)北部的(de)簸箕山脈,還有連南瑤族自治縣的(de)三江(jiang)河(he),流(liu)經本市附(fu)城鎮大(da)墩村附(fu)近匯入(ru)連江(jiang)。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)東省(sheng)連(lian)(lian)(lian)州市(shi)位于(yu)(yu)廣(guang)東省(sheng)西北部,地處五嶺中之萌渚嶺南(nan)(nan)麓,主要(yao)是丘陵盆(pen)地,北江(jiang)(jiang)支流連(lian)(lian)(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)上游。東北與(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)宜章縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)接,東南(nan)(nan)與(yu)陽山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)交界,西南(nan)(nan)和連(lian)(lian)(lian)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)為鄰,西北與(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)藍山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)化縣(xian)(xian)接壤,北面同湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)臨武縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)(lian)。地域保(bao)(bao)護區位于(yu)(yu)在東經(jing)112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北緯在24°37′~25°12′之間(jian),保(bao)(bao)護區域包(bao)括連(lian)(lian)(lian)州市(shi)的大路邊、星子、龍坪、西江(jiang)(jiang)、九陂、連(lian)(lian)(lian)州、西岸、東陂、豐(feng)陽、保(bao)(bao)安、瑤(yao)安、三水(shui)等12個鄉(xiang)鎮。生產(chan)面積12萬畝,產(chan)量可達17萬噸。
四(si).產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征:連州菜心須根多(duo),根系淺;植株(zhu)直(zhi)立或(huo)半(ban)立,莖短縮;一(yi)般(ban)(ban)株(zhu)體高50-70cm,直(zhi)徑2-3cm,可食用(yong)部分(fen)25-30cm,重(zhong)200g;基葉(xie)開展或(huo)斜立,葉(xie)片較(jiao)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)菜葉(xie)細小,呈卵形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing)(xing),綠色或(huo)黃綠色,葉(xie)緣波狀,基部有裂片或(huo)無(wu),或(huo)葉(xie)翼延(yan)伸;葉(xie)脈明顯,具狹長葉(xie)柄(bing)(bing)。花(hua)薹(tai)(tai)綠色,薹(tai)(tai)葉(xie)呈卵形(xing)(xing)以至披針形(xing)(xing);短柄(bing)(bing)或(huo)無(wu)柄(bing)(bing)。花(hua)薹(tai)(tai)為(wei)主要(yao)食用(yong)部分(fen),品質(zhi)柔嫩,風味別致。菜心多(duo)數只采主薹(tai)(tai),側(ce)薹(tai)(tai)萌發(fa)少。
(2)內(nei)在品質指標:連州菜心(xin)(xin)營養(yang)價值很高(gao),其中(zhong)鋅含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.42mg/100g、錳含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.15mg/100g、鈣含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥47.40mg/100g、磷含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥25mg/100g、蛋(dan)白質含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥1.7%、粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.9%、水分含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥93.1%和灰分含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.87g/100g。具有補氣(qi)養(yang)腎、健(jian)脾胃之功效,既是(shi)制(zhi)作飲(yin)食點心(xin)(xin)、佳肴的上(shang)乘原料(liao),又(you)是(shi)滋補身體(ti)的營養(yang)佳品。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求:連州菜心生產過(guo)程以《食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安全(quan)法(fa)》、《農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)法(fa)》等法(fa)律法(fa)規為導向,做好(hao)收獲(huo)前的(de)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)監測工(gong)作(zuo),農(nong)藥、肥(fei)料等投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)必(bi)須嚴格按照無公害、綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產要(yao)(yao)求執行,產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)必(bi)須符(fu)合(he)綠色(se)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)要(yao)(yao)求。
五.特(te)定生產(chan)方式
(1)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)附近(jin)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)無工業(ye)污(wu)(wu)染,區內及周圍無污(wu)(wu)染水(shui)源,無固體廢棄物(wu)等(deng)污(wu)(wu)染,地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦、排(pai)灌方便,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕(geng)層深厚、有(you)機質(zhi)豐(feng)富、疏松肥(fei)沃、結構和理化性狀(zhuang)良(liang)好的(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di),保水(shui)保肥(fei)力強的(de)以壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)、粘壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)及沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)為好,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)PH值6.0—7.0為宜。種植環(huan)境(jing)必須符合《無公害蔬(shu)菜產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)》(NY 5010-2002)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。
(2)品種(zhong)選擇:根(gen)據連州菜心的風味特點,品質特征主要決定于當地獨特的自然(ran)生態環境和人工選育,總(zong)體質量選擇飽滿、無蟲口、色澤好的種(zhong)子。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:屬亞熱(re)(re)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu),光熱(re)(re)資源豐(feng)富,四(si)季分明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he),雨(yu)量充沛,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)19.5℃,歷年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)為1713.7小(xiao)時(shi),多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量為1572.8毫米。平(ping)均(jun)有(you)霜(shuang)(shuang)日數(shu)13.7天(tian),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期為301.9天(tian),最長(chang)(chang)336天(tian),最短268天(tian),80%保(bao)證率的(de)無霜(shuang)(shuang)期達275天(tian);域內山(shan)地比平(ping)原(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)、水熱(re)(re)時(shi)空分布不均(jun),形成明(ming)顯的(de)山(shan)區(qu)立體(ti)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),風力(li)小(xiao)、日夜溫(wen)(wen)差大,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)日較差9.8℃,光、溫(wen)(wen)、水條件(jian)能較好地滿足農作物生長(chang)(chang)的(de)需要(yao),作物生長(chang)(chang)季節長(chang)(chang),具有(you)發展農業生產的(de)有(you)利條件(jian)。
(4)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管理:連州菜心(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)必須嚴格按照《連州菜心(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)程(cheng)》操作。在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)需要(yao)肥料、農(nong)藥(yao)等投入(ru)品要(yao)求(qiu)來源可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)。 病蟲害的(de)(de)(de)防治(zhi)(zhi)按照“預防為主,綜合(he)防治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)植保方針(zhen),堅持以“農(nong)業(ye)防治(zhi)(zhi)、物理防治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防治(zhi)(zhi)為主,化學(xue)防治(zhi)(zhi)為輔(fu)”的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)害化治(zhi)(zhi)理原(yuan)則。 嚴格執行(xing)國家有關規(gui)定(ding),禁(jin)止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)劇毒、高(gao)度、高(gao)殘(can)留農(nong)藥(yao)。農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)應符合(he)GB 4285和GB/T 8321的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。農(nong)藥(yao)交替使(shi)(shi)用(yong),嚴格按照農(nong)藥(yao)安全間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)藥(yao)。 產(chan)(chan)品收(shou)獲的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding):在農(nong)藥(yao)安全間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)后適時采收(shou),采收(shou)所用(yong)工具要(yao)清潔、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、無(wu)污染。 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄要(yao)求(qiu):如實記錄農(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)品的(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)法、用(yong)量(liang)和使(shi)(shi)用(yong)、停用(yong)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、收(shou)獲日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、質量(liang)檢測情況、銷售(shou)情況、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄等。建立(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理檔案,以備查閱(yue)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
產(chan)品包(bao)裝上標(biao)(biao)有“連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)菜心(xin)(xin)”、“榮(rong)獲廣東省無公(gong)害農產(chan)品認證”和(he)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識字(zi)樣和(he)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)圖案,必須字(zi)跡清晰(xi),容易(yi)辨認,連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)菜心(xin)(xin)的生產(chan)經營者使用(yong)此包(bao)裝必須向(xiang)連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)市農作物技術推廣站(zhan)提出申(shen)請,申(shen)請通過后(hou)方(fang)可采用(yong)連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)菜心(xin)(xin)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識字(zi)樣和(he)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)圖案,并按照要求(qiu)規(gui)范生產(chan)和(he)使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。