一.產品介紹
連(lian)(lian)州歷(li)(li)來(lai)(lai)是廣東省蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產重地(di),蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)享有(you)盛(sheng)名,其(qi)中菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)是連(lian)(lian)州蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)“名品”,連(lian)(lian)州菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)有(you)著上(shang)千年(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)史,早在公元608年(nian)(nian)前,連(lian)(lian)州龍(long)口(kou)村的(de)農戶(hu)就有(you)種(zhong)植(zhi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)習慣,從(cong)那以(yi)后從(cong)未(wei)間(jian)斷,距今已有(you)1600多(duo)年(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)史。上(shang)世(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)連(lian)(lian)州出土的(de)晉代(dai)“牛耕(geng)犁耙田模型”陶器(qi),說明西晉時連(lian)(lian)州的(de)耕(geng)作(zuo)技(ji)術在當時全(quan)國稻作(zuo)地(di)區(qu)中處于領(ling)先地(di)位。在連(lian)(lian)州民間(jian)流傳著一(yi)(yi)個悲壯神奇(qi)的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)傳說故事(shi)----《邵廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)(juan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)營(ying)退(tui)(tui)宋(song)兵(bing)》。傳說,大(da)寶十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(公元970)九月(yue),雄踞北(bei)方(fang)的(de)宋(song)朝派(pai)遣潘美(mei)為(wei)帥,攻打嶺南一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)南漢王朝,南漢皇帝劉鋹請(qing)邵廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)(juan)出山(shan)破敵。邵廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)(juan)領(ling)命,讓(rang)家鄉父老(lao)兄弟種(zhong)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)長出菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)后,邵廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)(juan)作(zuo)法用菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)布陣作(zuo)營(ying)嚇退(tui)(tui)了(le)(le)宋(song)軍(jun)。宋(song)軍(jun)打了(le)(le)敗戰后,設計讓(rang)劉鋹將(jiang)邵廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)(juan)賜死。邵廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)(juan)一(yi)(yi)死,關前的(de)巨木柵(zha)欄和(he)兵(bing)士們都變成菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。宋(song)軍(jun)很快就將(jiang)南漢滅掉了(le)(le)。 隨(sui)后,潘美(mei)命軍(jun)士將(jiang)數(shu)百畝菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)全(quan)部斬(zhan)掉,吃了(le)(le)以(yi)泄心(xin)(xin)(xin)頭之氣。誰知白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)被(bei)斬(zhan)之后,第二天又長出來(lai)(lai)了(le)(le),一(yi)(yi)連(lian)(lian)數(shu)次(ci),越(yue)長越(yue)旺。潘美(mei)和(he)宋(song)兵(bing)吃了(le)(le)幾頓白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)后,覺得(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)越(yue)來(lai)(lai)越(yue)甜爽可(ke)口(kou),覺得(de)每餐都離不開(kai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)了(le)(le)。連(lian)(lian)州的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)美(mei)味從(cong)此傳播開(kai)來(lai)(lai),種(zhong)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)又一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)。
二(er).自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:地(di)(di)(di)處五嶺(ling)(ling)中之萌(meng)渚嶺(ling)(ling)南(nan)麓,境(jing)內崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling)(ling),主(zhu)要是丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵盆地(di)(di)(di),丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵崗巒星羅棋布。主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈有(you)綿延豐(feng)陽、瑤安一帶的(de)簸箕山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)天堂嶺(ling)(ling),海(hai)拔1712米,為本市最(zui)高峰(feng)(feng),位于瑤安與湖南(nan)省蘭(lan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣交(jiao)界處;橫(heng)跨東(dong)(dong)部潭嶺(ling)(ling)、朝(chao)天、西(xi)江(jiang)一帶之大(da)東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)巖坑山(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔1604米,為本市次(ci)高峰(feng)(feng),位于朝(chao)天與陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)交(jiao)界處;其余山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)(ling)多在1000米以下。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)占全(quan)市總面積的(de)72.2%,丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵占15.9%。本市地(di)(di)(di)形(xing),因東(dong)(dong)面有(you)大(da)東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,由(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)南(nan);西(xi)部有(you)大(da)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,由(you)(you)西(xi)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)南(nan);北(bei)部有(you)簸箕山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,形(xing)成西(xi)、北(bei)、東(dong)(dong)三(san)面山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di),中部稍(shao)低,均為丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵地(di)(di)(di)帶。星子、大(da)路邊、朝(chao)天、麻步等鄉(xiang)鎮大(da)部分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)為小(xiao)盆地(di)(di)(di);清水、豐(feng)陽南(nan)部、東(dong)(dong)陂北(bei)部為丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵盆地(di)(di)(di);西(xi)岸(an)、東(dong)(dong)陂兩鄉(xiang)鎮河(he)流兩岸(an)為河(he)谷盆地(di)(di)(di);保安、附城及九陂等鄉(xiang)鎮部分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)為連州丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵盆地(di)(di)(di)。
(2)水文情況:主要(yao)河(he)流有星子河(he),發(fa)源于大(da)東山(shan)脈,它(ta)是珠江(jiang)流域北江(jiang)水系的(de)主要(yao)支流,發(fa)源地近(jin)處(chu)建有一個大(da)型(xing)的(de)潭(tan)嶺水庫。保安河(he)、東陂河(he)發(fa)源于北部的(de)簸(bo)箕山(shan)脈,還有連(lian)南瑤族自治縣的(de)三江(jiang)河(he),流經本市附城鎮大(da)墩村附近(jin)匯(hui)入連(lian)江(jiang)。
三.地域范圍
廣東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)連州市位于廣東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)西北(bei)(bei)部(bu),地處五嶺(ling)中之萌渚嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)麓,主要是丘(qiu)陵盆(pen)地,北(bei)(bei)江(jiang)支流連江(jiang)上游。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)與(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)宜章縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)接(jie)(jie),東(dong)南(nan)(nan)與(yu)陽(yang)山縣(xian)(xian)交界(jie),西南(nan)(nan)和連南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)為鄰,西北(bei)(bei)與(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)藍(lan)山縣(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)化縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)壤,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)同(tong)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)臨武縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)連。地域保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位于在東(dong)經112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北(bei)(bei)緯在24°37′~25°12′之間,保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)域包括連州市的大路邊、星子(zi)、龍坪、西江(jiang)、九陂(po)、連州、西岸、東(dong)陂(po)、豐陽(yang)、保(bao)安、瑤安、三水(shui)等12個鄉鎮(zhen)。生產(chan)面(mian)積12萬畝(mu),產(chan)量(liang)可達17萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征:連州菜心須根(gen)多,根(gen)系淺(qian);植株(zhu)直立(li)或半立(li),莖短(duan)縮(suo);一般(ban)株(zhu)體高50-70cm,直徑(jing)2-3cm,可食(shi)用部分25-30cm,重200g;基葉(xie)(xie)開展或斜立(li),葉(xie)(xie)片較一般(ban)菜葉(xie)(xie)細小,呈(cheng)卵(luan)形或橢圓形,綠(lv)(lv)色或黃綠(lv)(lv)色,葉(xie)(xie)緣波狀(zhuang),基部有裂片或無(wu),或葉(xie)(xie)翼延伸(shen);葉(xie)(xie)脈明顯,具(ju)狹長葉(xie)(xie)柄。花薹(tai)綠(lv)(lv)色,薹(tai)葉(xie)(xie)呈(cheng)卵(luan)形以至披針形;短(duan)柄或無(wu)柄。花薹(tai)為主要食(shi)用部分,品質柔嫩,風味別(bie)致。菜心多數只采主薹(tai),側(ce)薹(tai)萌發少。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:連州菜心營(ying)養價值很高,其(qi)中鋅含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.42mg/100g、錳含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.15mg/100g、鈣(gai)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥47.40mg/100g、磷含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥25mg/100g、蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥1.7%、粗纖維含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.9%、水分含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥93.1%和(he)灰分含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.87g/100g。具有(you)補氣養腎、健(jian)脾胃之功效,既(ji)是制作(zuo)飲食點(dian)心、佳肴的上乘(cheng)原料,又(you)是滋補身體的營(ying)養佳品。
(3)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求:連州菜(cai)心生產過程以(yi)《食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》、《農產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)法(fa)》等法(fa)律法(fa)規為導向,做好收獲(huo)前的農產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)監(jian)測工作,農藥、肥(fei)料(liao)等投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)必(bi)須嚴(yan)格按照無公害、綠色食品(pin)(pin)生產要(yao)求執(zhi)行,產品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)必(bi)須符合綠色食品(pin)(pin)要(yao)求。
五.特定(ding)生(sheng)產方式
(1)產地(di)選擇(ze):選擇(ze)產地(di)附近要(yao)(yao)求無(wu)(wu)工業污(wu)(wu)染(ran),區(qu)內(nei)及周圍無(wu)(wu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)水源(yuan),無(wu)(wu)固體廢棄(qi)物等(deng)污(wu)(wu)染(ran),地(di)勢平坦、排(pai)灌方便,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕層深厚、有機質豐富(fu)、疏松肥沃(wo)、結構和理化性狀良(liang)好的(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di),保(bao)水保(bao)肥力(li)強(qiang)的(de)以壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、粘壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)及沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)為好,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值6.0—7.0為宜。種植環(huan)境必須(xu)符合《無(wu)(wu)公害蔬(shu)菜(cai)產地(di)環(huan)境要(yao)(yao)求》(NY 5010-2002)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求。
(2)品種選擇:根據連(lian)州菜心的(de)風味特點,品質特征主要(yao)決定于(yu)當地獨特的(de)自然生態環境(jing)和人工選育,總(zong)體(ti)質量選擇飽滿、無蟲口、色澤(ze)好的(de)種子。
(3)氣(qi)候情(qing)況:屬亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候區,光熱資源豐富,四季(ji)分明,氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,雨量充沛,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)19.5℃,歷年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為1713.7小時(shi),多年(nian)平均(jun)降雨量為1572.8毫米。平均(jun)有霜日(ri)(ri)數13.7天(tian)(tian),無(wu)霜期為301.9天(tian)(tian),最(zui)長(chang)(chang)336天(tian)(tian),最(zui)短268天(tian)(tian),80%保證率的(de)無(wu)霜期達275天(tian)(tian);域(yu)內山(shan)地(di)比平原(yuan)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低、水熱時(shi)空分布不均(jun),形(xing)成明顯的(de)山(shan)區立體氣(qi)候,風力小、日(ri)(ri)夜溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)日(ri)(ri)較差(cha)9.8℃,光、溫(wen)(wen)、水條件(jian)能較好地(di)滿足農作物(wu)(wu)生長(chang)(chang)的(de)需要,作物(wu)(wu)生長(chang)(chang)季(ji)節長(chang)(chang),具有發(fa)展農業生產的(de)有利(li)條件(jian)。
(4)生(sheng)產(chan)過程管(guan)理(li):連(lian)州菜心(xin)生(sheng)產(chan)過程必須嚴格(ge)按(an)照《連(lian)州菜心(xin)生(sheng)產(chan)技術(shu)規程》操作(zuo)。在生(sheng)產(chan)過程中需(xu)要肥(fei)料、農(nong)(nong)藥等投入(ru)品(pin)要求來源可靠的(de)(de)。 病蟲害的(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按(an)照“預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主,綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)植保方針,堅持以“農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)物防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主,化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)輔”的(de)(de)無害化治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)原則。 嚴格(ge)執行國家(jia)有關規定(ding),禁止(zhi)使(shi)用劇毒、高(gao)度、高(gao)殘留農(nong)(nong)藥。農(nong)(nong)藥使(shi)用應符合GB 4285和GB/T 8321的(de)(de)規定(ding)。農(nong)(nong)藥交替使(shi)用,嚴格(ge)按(an)照農(nong)(nong)藥安全間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)用藥。 產(chan)品(pin)收獲(huo)的(de)(de)規定(ding):在農(nong)(nong)藥安全間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)后適時采收,采收所(suo)用工具要清(qing)潔、衛生(sheng)、無污染。 生(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)(lu)要求:如實記錄(lu)(lu)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入(ru)品(pin)的(de)(de)名(ming)稱、來源、用法、用量(liang)(liang)和使(shi)用、停用日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、收獲(huo)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、質量(liang)(liang)檢測情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)、銷(xiao)售情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)、生(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)(lu)等。建立生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)檔案,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關(guan)規定
產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝上標(biao)(biao)有“連州菜心”、“榮獲(huo)廣(guang)東(dong)省無公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證”和(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)字樣和(he)標(biao)(biao)志圖(tu)案,必須字跡(ji)清晰,容易辨認(ren),連州菜心的生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe)使用此(ci)包裝必須向(xiang)連州市農(nong)作物技術(shu)推廣(guang)站提出申請(qing),申請(qing)通過后(hou)方可采(cai)用連州菜心農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志公(gong)共(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)字樣和(he)標(biao)(biao)志圖(tu)案,并按照要求規范生產(chan)(chan)和(he)使用標(biao)(biao)志。