一.產品介紹
連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)歷來是(shi)廣東省蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產重地(di),蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植享有盛名,其中(zhong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)是(shi)連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)“名品(pin)”,連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)有著上千年歷史(shi),早在公元608年前(qian),連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)龍口村的(de)(de)農戶就(jiu)有種(zhong)植菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)習慣,從(cong)那(nei)以后(hou)從(cong)未間(jian)斷(duan),距今已有1600多年歷史(shi)。上世(shi)紀70年代(dai)連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)出(chu)土的(de)(de)晉代(dai)“牛耕犁耙(pa)田模型(xing)”陶器,說(shuo)明西晉時連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)的(de)(de)耕作(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)在當時全國稻作(zuo)地(di)區中(zhong)處于領先地(di)位。在連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)民間(jian)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)著一(yi)(yi)(yi)個悲壯(zhuang)神(shen)奇的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)故(gu)事(shi)----《邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)營退(tui)宋(song)(song)兵(bing)》。傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo),大寶(bao)十(shi)三(san)年(公元970)九月,雄(xiong)踞北方(fang)的(de)(de)宋(song)(song)朝派遣潘美為(wei)帥,攻打(da)嶺(ling)南(nan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)南(nan)漢(han)(han)王朝,南(nan)漢(han)(han)皇帝(di)劉(liu)鋹請邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)出(chu)山破敵。邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)領命(ming),讓家鄉父老(lao)兄弟(di)種(zhong)白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)長(chang)出(chu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)后(hou),邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)作(zuo)法用菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)布陣作(zuo)營嚇(xia)退(tui)了(le)宋(song)(song)軍。宋(song)(song)軍打(da)了(le)敗戰后(hou),設(she)計讓劉(liu)鋹將邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)賜死。邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)死,關前(qian)的(de)(de)巨木柵欄和(he)兵(bing)士們都(dou)(dou)變(bian)成(cheng)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)。宋(song)(song)軍很快就(jiu)將南(nan)漢(han)(han)滅掉了(le)。 隨(sui)后(hou),潘美命(ming)軍士將數百畝菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)全部(bu)斬(zhan)掉,吃(chi)了(le)以泄心(xin)(xin)頭之氣。誰知白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)被(bei)斬(zhan)之后(hou),第二(er)天又(you)(you)長(chang)出(chu)來了(le),一(yi)(yi)(yi)連(lian)(lian)數次,越(yue)長(chang)越(yue)旺(wang)。潘美和(he)宋(song)(song)兵(bing)吃(chi)了(le)幾頓白菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)后(hou),覺得菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)越(yue)來越(yue)甜爽可口,覺得每餐都(dou)(dou)離不開(kai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)了(le)。連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)美味從(cong)此傳(chuan)(chuan)播開(kai)來,種(zhong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年又(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年。
二.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素(su)
(1)土壤地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):地(di)(di)處五嶺(ling)(ling)中(zhong)之(zhi)萌渚嶺(ling)(ling)南(nan)麓,境內崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling)(ling),主要(yao)是丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆(pen)地(di)(di),丘(qiu)陵(ling)崗巒(luan)星羅棋布。主要(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)有綿延豐(feng)陽、瑤安一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)簸箕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),主峰天堂(tang)嶺(ling)(ling),海(hai)拔(ba)1712米,為(wei)(wei)本市(shi)最高(gao)(gao)峰,位(wei)于瑤安與(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)省蘭(lan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣交(jiao)界(jie)處;橫(heng)跨東(dong)部(bu)(bu)潭嶺(ling)(ling)、朝天、西(xi)(xi)江一(yi)帶(dai)之(zhi)大(da)(da)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),主峰巖坑山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)1604米,為(wei)(wei)本市(shi)次高(gao)(gao)峰,位(wei)于朝天與(yu)陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)交(jiao)界(jie)處;其余(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)(ling)多在1000米以(yi)下。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占(zhan)全市(shi)總面積的(de)72.2%,丘(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)15.9%。本市(shi)地(di)(di)形,因東(dong)面有大(da)(da)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),由東(dong)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan);西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)有大(da)(da)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),由西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan);北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)有簸箕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),形成西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)、東(dong)三(san)面山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)稍低(di),均為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)帶(dai)。星子、大(da)(da)路邊、朝天、麻步等鄉鎮大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)小盆(pen)地(di)(di);清水、豐(feng)陽南(nan)部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)陂北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆(pen)地(di)(di);西(xi)(xi)岸、東(dong)陂兩(liang)鄉鎮河(he)流兩(liang)岸為(wei)(wei)河(he)谷盆(pen)地(di)(di);保(bao)安、附城及(ji)九陂等鄉鎮部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)(wei)連州丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆(pen)地(di)(di)。
(2)水文情況:主要河(he)(he)流有星子河(he)(he),發(fa)(fa)源于大(da)(da)東(dong)山脈(mo)(mo),它是珠(zhu)江流域北江水系(xi)的(de)主要支流,發(fa)(fa)源地(di)近處建有一個大(da)(da)型的(de)潭嶺水庫(ku)。保安河(he)(he)、東(dong)陂河(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)源于北部的(de)簸箕山脈(mo)(mo),還有連南瑤族自治縣的(de)三江河(he)(he),流經本市(shi)附城(cheng)鎮大(da)(da)墩村附近匯入連江。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)連(lian)州(zhou)市位于(yu)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)西(xi)北部(bu),地處五嶺中之萌渚(zhu)嶺南(nan)(nan)(nan)麓,主(zhu)要(yao)是丘(qiu)陵盆地,北江(jiang)支(zhi)流連(lian)江(jiang)上游。東(dong)(dong)北與湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)宜章(zhang)縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)接(jie),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)與陽山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)交界(jie),西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)和連(lian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)縣(xian)(xian)為鄰(lin),西(xi)北與湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)藍山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,北面(mian)同(tong)湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)省(sheng)臨武縣(xian)(xian)相(xiang)連(lian)。地域保(bao)護區位于(yu)在東(dong)(dong)經112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北緯在24°37′~25°12′之間,保(bao)護區域包(bao)括連(lian)州(zhou)市的大路邊、星子、龍(long)坪、西(xi)江(jiang)、九陂、連(lian)州(zhou)、西(xi)岸、東(dong)(dong)陂、豐陽、保(bao)安、瑤安、三水等(deng)12個鄉鎮。生產(chan)面(mian)積12萬(wan)畝,產(chan)量可達17萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
(1)外在感官特征(zheng):連州菜(cai)心(xin)須根多(duo),根系淺;植株(zhu)直立或(huo)半立,莖短縮(suo);一(yi)般株(zhu)體高(gao)50-70cm,直徑(jing)2-3cm,可食用部分25-30cm,重200g;基葉(xie)(xie)(xie)開展或(huo)斜立,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片較(jiao)一(yi)般菜(cai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)細小,呈卵形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),綠色(se)或(huo)黃(huang)綠色(se),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)緣波狀,基部有裂片或(huo)無,或(huo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)翼(yi)延伸;葉(xie)(xie)(xie)脈(mo)明顯,具(ju)狹長葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄。花薹(tai)綠色(se),薹(tai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)呈卵形(xing)(xing)以至(zhi)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing);短柄或(huo)無柄。花薹(tai)為主(zhu)要食用部分,品質柔嫩,風味別(bie)致。菜(cai)心(xin)多(duo)數只(zhi)采(cai)主(zhu)薹(tai),側薹(tai)萌發少。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:連州菜心營養價(jia)值很高,其中鋅(xin)含(han)量≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含(han)量≥0.42mg/100g、錳含(han)量≥0.15mg/100g、鈣含(han)量≥47.40mg/100g、磷含(han)量≥25mg/100g、蛋白質含(han)量≥1.7%、粗纖維含(han)量≥0.9%、水(shui)分含(han)量≥93.1%和灰分含(han)量≥0.87g/100g。具有(you)補氣(qi)養腎、健(jian)脾胃之(zhi)功效,既是制作飲(yin)食(shi)點心、佳(jia)肴的上乘原料,又是滋補身體的營養佳(jia)品(pin)。
(3)安全要(yao)求:連州菜心生產(chan)(chan)過程以《食品(pin)(pin)安全法(fa)(fa)》、《農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安全法(fa)(fa)》等法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)為導向,做好(hao)收獲前的(de)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)安全監(jian)測工作,農藥、肥料(liao)等投入品(pin)(pin)必須(xu)(xu)嚴格按照(zhao)無公(gong)害、綠(lv)(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)求執行,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)必須(xu)(xu)符合綠(lv)(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)要(yao)求。
五(wu).特定(ding)生產方式
(1)產地(di)選擇(ze):選擇(ze)產地(di)附近要求(qiu)無工(gong)業污染,區內及(ji)(ji)周圍無污染水源,無固體廢棄(qi)物等(deng)污染,地(di)勢平坦(tan)、排灌方便,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕層深厚、有機質豐(feng)富(fu)、疏松肥(fei)沃、結(jie)構和理化(hua)性(xing)狀良好(hao)的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di),保水保肥(fei)力(li)強(qiang)的(de)(de)以壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、粘(zhan)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為好(hao),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)PH值6.0—7.0為宜。種植環境必須符合《無公害蔬菜產地(di)環境要求(qiu)》(NY 5010-2002)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。
(2)品種(zhong)(zhong)選擇:根(gen)據連(lian)州菜(cai)心的(de)風味特點,品質特征主要決(jue)定于當地獨特的(de)自然生態環境(jing)和人工選育,總體(ti)質量選擇飽滿、無蟲口、色澤好的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):屬亞(ya)熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候區,光熱資源(yuan)豐富,四季分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)候溫和(he),雨(yu)量充(chong)沛,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫19.5℃,歷年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數為1713.7小時(shi),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量為1572.8毫米。平均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)霜(shuang)(shuang)日(ri)數13.7天(tian),無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)為301.9天(tian),最長336天(tian),最短268天(tian),80%保證(zheng)率的無(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)達275天(tian);域內山地(di)比平原氣(qi)(qi)溫低、水(shui)熱時(shi)空分(fen)布不均(jun)(jun)(jun),形成明顯的山區立體(ti)氣(qi)(qi)候,風力(li)小、日(ri)夜溫差(cha)大,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫日(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)9.8℃,光、溫、水(shui)條件能(neng)較(jiao)好地(di)滿足農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長的需要,作(zuo)物(wu)生(sheng)長季節長,具有(you)發展農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產的有(you)利條件。
(4)生產(chan)(chan)過程管(guan)理:連(lian)州菜心(xin)生產(chan)(chan)過程必(bi)須嚴格(ge)(ge)按(an)照(zhao)《連(lian)州菜心(xin)生產(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)程》操(cao)作。在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)過程中需要(yao)肥料、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)等投入品要(yao)求來源(yuan)可靠的。 病蟲(chong)害的防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)按(an)照(zhao)“預防(fang)(fang)為主,綜合防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的植保方針,堅持以(yi)(yi)“農(nong)(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為主,化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為輔(fu)”的無(wu)害化(hua)治(zhi)(zhi)理原則。 嚴格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)國家有關規(gui)定(ding),禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)劇(ju)毒、高度、高殘留農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)應符(fu)合GB 4285和(he)GB/T 8321的規(gui)定(ding)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)交替使(shi)用(yong),嚴格(ge)(ge)按(an)照(zhao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安(an)(an)全間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)用(yong)藥(yao)。 產(chan)(chan)品收(shou)獲的規(gui)定(ding):在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安(an)(an)全間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)后(hou)適時采收(shou),采收(shou)所用(yong)工具(ju)要(yao)清潔、衛(wei)生、無(wu)污染。 生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求:如(ru)實記(ji)錄(lu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業投入品的名稱(cheng)、來源(yuan)、用(yong)法、用(yong)量和(he)使(shi)用(yong)、停用(yong)日期(qi)、收(shou)獲日期(qi)、質量檢測情況、銷售情況、生產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)等。建立生產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理檔案,以(yi)(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規(gui)定
產(chan)(chan)品包(bao)裝上標(biao)(biao)有“連州菜(cai)心”、“榮獲廣(guang)東省無公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品認證”和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)字(zi)樣和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)圖(tu)案(an),必須(xu)字(zi)跡清晰,容(rong)易辨認,連州菜(cai)心的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe)使用(yong)此包(bao)裝必須(xu)向連州市農(nong)作物技術推廣(guang)站提出申請,申請通過后(hou)方(fang)可采用(yong)連州菜(cai)心農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)字(zi)樣和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)圖(tu)案(an),并按(an)照要求規(gui)范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。