一.產品介紹
連(lian)(lian)(lian)州歷來是(shi)廣(guang)東省(sheng)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產重地(di),蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)種植享有(you)(you)盛名(ming),其中(zhong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)州蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)“名(ming)品(pin)”,連(lian)(lian)(lian)州菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)有(you)(you)著(zhu)上千年(nian)(nian)歷史,早在公元608年(nian)(nian)前,連(lian)(lian)(lian)州龍口村的(de)(de)農戶就(jiu)有(you)(you)種植菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)習慣,從那以后(hou)(hou)從未間(jian)斷,距今(jin)已有(you)(you)1600多年(nian)(nian)歷史。上世紀(ji)70年(nian)(nian)代連(lian)(lian)(lian)州出(chu)土的(de)(de)晉代“牛(niu)耕犁耙(pa)田(tian)模型”陶器,說明西晉時連(lian)(lian)(lian)州的(de)(de)耕作技術在當時全國(guo)稻(dao)作地(di)區中(zhong)處(chu)于領先地(di)位。在連(lian)(lian)(lian)州民間(jian)流傳(chuan)著(zhu)一(yi)個悲壯神奇(qi)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)傳(chuan)說故事----《邵(shao)廷(ting)絹菜(cai)(cai)(cai)為營(ying)退宋(song)(song)(song)(song)兵》。傳(chuan)說,大寶(bao)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(公元970)九月,雄踞北(bei)方的(de)(de)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)朝派(pai)遣潘美為帥(shuai),攻(gong)打嶺(ling)南(nan)一(yi)帶的(de)(de)南(nan)漢(han)(han)王朝,南(nan)漢(han)(han)皇帝劉鋹請邵(shao)廷(ting)絹出(chu)山破敵。邵(shao)廷(ting)絹領命,讓家鄉父老兄弟種白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)。白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)長(chang)出(chu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)后(hou)(hou),邵(shao)廷(ting)絹作法用(yong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)布陣作營(ying)嚇退了(le)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)軍(jun)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)軍(jun)打了(le)敗戰后(hou)(hou),設計讓劉鋹將(jiang)邵(shao)廷(ting)絹賜死。邵(shao)廷(ting)絹一(yi)死,關前的(de)(de)巨(ju)木(mu)柵欄和(he)兵士(shi)們都變成菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)軍(jun)很快就(jiu)將(jiang)南(nan)漢(han)(han)滅掉(diao)了(le)。 隨(sui)后(hou)(hou),潘美命軍(jun)士(shi)將(jiang)數百畝(mu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)全部斬掉(diao),吃(chi)了(le)以泄心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)頭之氣。誰知白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)被(bei)斬之后(hou)(hou),第二天(tian)又(you)長(chang)出(chu)來了(le),一(yi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)數次,越(yue)(yue)長(chang)越(yue)(yue)旺。潘美和(he)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)兵吃(chi)了(le)幾頓白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)后(hou)(hou),覺(jue)得菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)甜爽(shuang)可口,覺(jue)得每餐都離不開菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)了(le)。連(lian)(lian)(lian)州的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)美味從此傳(chuan)播(bo)開來,種了(le)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)又(you)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)。
二.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況(kuang):地(di)(di)處五嶺(ling)中之萌渚(zhu)嶺(ling)南麓,境(jing)內(nei)崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di)(di),丘(qiu)陵(ling)崗(gang)巒(luan)星羅棋布。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)有(you)綿延豐(feng)陽、瑤(yao)安(an)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的簸(bo)箕(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)天堂嶺(ling),海拔(ba)1712米,為(wei)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)最高峰(feng)(feng),位于瑤(yao)安(an)與(yu)湖南省(sheng)蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣交界(jie)處;橫跨東部(bu)潭(tan)嶺(ling)、朝天、西(xi)江一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)之大東山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)巖坑山(shan)(shan)(shan),海拔(ba)1604米,為(wei)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)次高峰(feng)(feng),位于朝天與(yu)陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)交界(jie)處;其(qi)余山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)多在1000米以下。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占全市(shi)(shi)總面積的72.2%,丘(qiu)陵(ling)占15.9%。本(ben)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)形,因東面有(you)大東山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),由東北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)南;西(xi)部(bu)有(you)大龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),由西(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)南;北(bei)(bei)部(bu)有(you)簸(bo)箕(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo),形成西(xi)、北(bei)(bei)、東三面山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di),中部(bu)稍低,均為(wei)丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)帶(dai)。星子(zi)、大路邊、朝天、麻步等鄉鎮大部(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)小盆地(di)(di);清水(shui)、豐(feng)陽南部(bu)、東陂北(bei)(bei)部(bu)為(wei)丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di)(di);西(xi)岸、東陂兩(liang)鄉鎮河流兩(liang)岸為(wei)河谷盆地(di)(di);保安(an)、附城及九陂等鄉鎮部(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)連州(zhou)丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di)(di)。
(2)水文(wen)情況:主要河流有星子(zi)河,發源于大(da)東山脈,它是珠(zhu)江(jiang)流域北(bei)江(jiang)水系(xi)的主要支流,發源地近處建有一個大(da)型的潭嶺(ling)水庫。保安河、東陂河發源于北(bei)部(bu)的簸箕山脈,還有連(lian)南瑤(yao)族自(zi)治縣的三江(jiang)河,流經本市附(fu)城鎮大(da)墩村附(fu)近匯(hui)入連(lian)江(jiang)。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)連(lian)州市(shi)位于廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)西北(bei)(bei)部,地處五嶺中之(zhi)萌渚嶺南麓,主要是(shi)丘(qiu)陵盆地,北(bei)(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)支流(liu)連(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)上游。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)與湖南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宜章縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)接,東(dong)南與陽山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)交界,西南和連(lian)南縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為鄰,西北(bei)(bei)與湖南藍山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤,北(bei)(bei)面同(tong)湖南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)臨武縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相(xiang)連(lian)。地域保(bao)護區位于在東(dong)經112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北(bei)(bei)緯在24°37′~25°12′之(zhi)間(jian),保(bao)護區域包(bao)括連(lian)州市(shi)的大路邊、星子、龍坪(ping)、西江(jiang)(jiang)、九陂、連(lian)州、西岸、東(dong)陂、豐陽、保(bao)安、瑤安、三水(shui)等(deng)12個鄉鎮(zhen)。生(sheng)產(chan)面積12萬畝,產(chan)量(liang)可達17萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
(1)外在感(gan)官特征(zheng):連州菜心(xin)須根多(duo),根系淺;植株直立(li)或(huo)半立(li),莖短縮;一般(ban)株體高50-70cm,直徑2-3cm,可食(shi)用(yong)部(bu)分25-30cm,重200g;基葉(xie)開展或(huo)斜立(li),葉(xie)片較一般(ban)菜葉(xie)細小,呈(cheng)卵形或(huo)橢(tuo)圓形,綠(lv)(lv)色(se)或(huo)黃綠(lv)(lv)色(se),葉(xie)緣(yuan)波(bo)狀,基部(bu)有(you)裂片或(huo)無(wu),或(huo)葉(xie)翼延伸;葉(xie)脈明顯(xian),具狹長葉(xie)柄(bing)。花薹綠(lv)(lv)色(se),薹葉(xie)呈(cheng)卵形以至披針形;短柄(bing)或(huo)無(wu)柄(bing)。花薹為主要(yao)食(shi)用(yong)部(bu)分,品質柔嫩,風味別致(zhi)。菜心(xin)多(duo)數只采主薹,側薹萌發少。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:連(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)心營養價(jia)值很(hen)高,其(qi)中(zhong)鋅含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.42mg/100g、錳(meng)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.15mg/100g、鈣含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥47.40mg/100g、磷(lin)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥25mg/100g、蛋白質含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥1.7%、粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.9%、水(shui)分(fen)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥93.1%和灰分(fen)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.87g/100g。具有補(bu)氣養腎、健脾(pi)胃之功效,既(ji)是(shi)制作飲食點心、佳(jia)肴的(de)上乘原料(liao),又是(shi)滋補(bu)身體的(de)營養佳(jia)品(pin)。
(3)安(an)全(quan)(quan)要(yao)(yao)求:連州菜心(xin)生產(chan)過(guo)程以《食品(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》、《農產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》等法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規為導向,做(zuo)好收獲前的農產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監測工作,農藥、肥料(liao)等投入(ru)品(pin)必須嚴格(ge)按照無公害(hai)、綠色(se)食品(pin)生產(chan)要(yao)(yao)求執行,產(chan)品(pin)質量(liang)必須符(fu)合綠色(se)食品(pin)要(yao)(yao)求。
五.特(te)定生產(chan)方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)擇產(chan)(chan)地(di)附近要(yao)求無(wu)工業污(wu)染(ran),區內及周圍無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)水源,無(wu)固體廢棄物等(deng)污(wu)染(ran),地(di)勢平(ping)坦、排灌(guan)方(fang)便,土壤(rang)耕(geng)層深(shen)厚、有機質豐富(fu)、疏松肥(fei)沃、結構和理化性(xing)狀良好的(de)土地(di),保水保肥(fei)力(li)強的(de)以壤(rang)土、粘(zhan)壤(rang)土及沙壤(rang)土為(wei)好,土壤(rang)PH值6.0—7.0為(wei)宜。種(zhong)植環境必(bi)須符合《無(wu)公害蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境要(yao)求》(NY 5010-2002)的(de)要(yao)求。
(2)品種(zhong)選擇:根(gen)據連(lian)州菜心的(de)(de)風(feng)味特點,品質(zhi)特征(zheng)主要決定于(yu)當(dang)地獨(du)特的(de)(de)自然生態環境和人工選育,總體(ti)質(zhi)量選擇飽滿、無蟲口(kou)、色(se)澤好的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況:屬亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候區,光(guang)熱(re)資源豐富,四季分明,氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和,雨量充(chong)沛,年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)19.5℃,歷年(nian)平均日照時(shi)數(shu)為1713.7小時(shi),多年(nian)平均降雨量為1572.8毫米。平均有霜(shuang)(shuang)日數(shu)13.7天,無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)為301.9天,最長(chang)336天,最短(duan)268天,80%保證率的(de)(de)無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)達275天;域內山地(di)比(bi)平原氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低、水(shui)熱(re)時(shi)空分布(bu)不(bu)均,形成(cheng)明顯的(de)(de)山區立(li)體氣(qi)(qi)候,風力(li)小、日夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)日較差9.8℃,光(guang)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、水(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)能(neng)較好地(di)滿(man)足農作物生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)需要,作物生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季節長(chang),具有發(fa)展農業生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)有利條(tiao)件(jian)。
(4)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)理:連(lian)州(zhou)菜心生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)必須嚴格(ge)(ge)按照《連(lian)州(zhou)菜心生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術規(gui)程(cheng)》操作。在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中需要肥料、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)等投(tou)入(ru)品要求來(lai)源可(ke)靠的(de)。 病蟲(chong)害的(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按照“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)植保(bao)方針(zhen),堅持以“農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)輔”的(de)無害化治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理原則。 嚴格(ge)(ge)執行國家有關(guan)規(gui)定,禁止使用(yong)劇(ju)毒、高度、高殘留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使用(yong)應符合(he)GB 4285和(he)GB/T 8321的(de)規(gui)定。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)交替使用(yong),嚴格(ge)(ge)按照農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)間隔期(qi)用(yong)藥(yao)。 產(chan)品收(shou)獲(huo)的(de)規(gui)定:在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)間隔期(qi)后適時采(cai)收(shou),采(cai)收(shou)所用(yong)工(gong)具要清潔(jie)、衛(wei)生(sheng)、無污染。 生(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)要求:如實記錄(lu)農(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入(ru)品的(de)名稱、來(lai)源、用(yong)法、用(yong)量和(he)使用(yong)、停用(yong)日期(qi)、收(shou)獲(huo)日期(qi)、質量檢測情況、銷售情況、生(sheng)產(chan)記錄(lu)等。建立生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)理檔(dang)案,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定
產品包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上標(biao)(biao)(biao)有“連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)心(xin)(xin)”、“榮(rong)獲廣東(dong)省無公害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產品認證”和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識字(zi)樣和(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)案,必須字(zi)跡清晰(xi),容易辨認,連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)心(xin)(xin)的(de)生產經營者使用此包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)必須向連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)市(shi)農(nong)(nong)作物技術推廣站提(ti)出申請,申請通過(guo)后方可采用連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)心(xin)(xin)農(nong)(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識字(zi)樣和(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)案,并按照(zhao)要(yao)求規(gui)范生產和(he)(he)使用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。