一.產品介紹
連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)來(lai)是(shi)廣東省蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生產重地(di),蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)享有(you)盛(sheng)名(ming),其中菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)是(shi)連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)“名(ming)品”,連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)有(you)著上千年(nian)歷(li)史(shi)(shi),早在(zai)(zai)公元608年(nian)前,連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)龍口村的(de)(de)農戶(hu)就(jiu)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)的(de)(de)習慣,從(cong)那(nei)以后(hou)從(cong)未(wei)間(jian)斷(duan),距(ju)今(jin)已有(you)1600多年(nian)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)。上世紀70年(nian)代(dai)連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)晉(jin)代(dai)“牛耕犁耙田模型”陶器,說明西晉(jin)時(shi)連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)耕作技術在(zai)(zai)當(dang)時(shi)全國稻(dao)作地(di)區中處(chu)于領先地(di)位。在(zai)(zai)連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)民(min)間(jian)流傳(chuan)著一(yi)(yi)個悲壯神奇的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)傳(chuan)說故事----《邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)為營(ying)(ying)退宋(song)(song)(song)兵(bing)》。傳(chuan)說,大寶(bao)十(shi)三年(nian)(公元970)九月,雄踞北方的(de)(de)宋(song)(song)(song)朝派遣潘美為帥,攻打嶺南一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)南漢(han)(han)王朝,南漢(han)(han)皇帝劉鋹(chang)請邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)出(chu)山破敵。邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)領命(ming)(ming),讓家(jia)鄉父老兄弟種(zhong)(zhong)白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)。白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)長出(chu)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)后(hou),邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)作法用(yong)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)布陣作營(ying)(ying)嚇退了(le)宋(song)(song)(song)軍。宋(song)(song)(song)軍打了(le)敗戰后(hou),設計讓劉鋹(chang)將邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)賜(si)死。邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)(ting)絹(juan)一(yi)(yi)死,關前的(de)(de)巨木柵欄和(he)(he)兵(bing)士們都(dou)變成菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)。宋(song)(song)(song)軍很快(kuai)就(jiu)將南漢(han)(han)滅掉了(le)。 隨后(hou),潘美命(ming)(ming)軍士將數百畝菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)全部斬(zhan)掉,吃了(le)以泄心(xin)頭之(zhi)氣。誰知白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)被斬(zhan)之(zhi)后(hou),第二天又長出(chu)來(lai)了(le),一(yi)(yi)連(lian)數次,越(yue)(yue)長越(yue)(yue)旺。潘美和(he)(he)宋(song)(song)(song)兵(bing)吃了(le)幾頓白(bai)(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)后(hou),覺得(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)甜爽可口,覺得(de)每餐都(dou)離(li)不開菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)了(le)。連(lian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)的(de)(de)美味從(cong)此傳(chuan)播開來(lai),種(zhong)(zhong)了(le)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)又一(yi)(yi)年(nian)。
二.自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷(li)史因素(su)
(1)土壤地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)五嶺(ling)中(zhong)之萌渚嶺(ling)南(nan)麓,境內崇(chong)山(shan)峻嶺(ling),主(zhu)要是丘陵(ling)(ling)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di),丘陵(ling)(ling)崗巒星(xing)羅棋(qi)布。主(zhu)要山(shan)脈(mo)(mo)有綿(mian)延豐(feng)陽、瑤(yao)安一(yi)帶(dai)的簸箕(ji)(ji)山(shan)脈(mo)(mo),主(zhu)峰天(tian)堂嶺(ling),海拔1712米,為(wei)本(ben)市(shi)最高峰,位于瑤(yao)安與湖南(nan)省蘭(lan)山(shan)縣交界處(chu);橫跨東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部潭嶺(ling)、朝天(tian)、西(xi)(xi)江一(yi)帶(dai)之大東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)脈(mo)(mo),主(zhu)峰巖坑(keng)山(shan),海拔1604米,為(wei)本(ben)市(shi)次高峰,位于朝天(tian)與陽山(shan)交界處(chu);其余(yu)山(shan)嶺(ling)多在1000米以下。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)占全市(shi)總面(mian)積(ji)的72.2%,丘陵(ling)(ling)占15.9%。本(ben)市(shi)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing),因東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)有大東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)脈(mo)(mo),由(you)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)向西(xi)(xi)南(nan);西(xi)(xi)部有大龍山(shan)脈(mo)(mo),由(you)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)向西(xi)(xi)南(nan);北(bei)(bei)部有簸箕(ji)(ji)山(shan)脈(mo)(mo),形(xing)成西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)三面(mian)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di),中(zhong)部稍低,均為(wei)丘陵(ling)(ling)地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)。星(xing)子、大路邊、朝天(tian)、麻步(bu)等鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮大部分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)小盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di);清水、豐(feng)陽南(nan)部、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陂(po)北(bei)(bei)部為(wei)丘陵(ling)(ling)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di);西(xi)(xi)岸、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)陂(po)兩鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮河(he)流兩岸為(wei)河(he)谷(gu)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di);保安、附城及(ji)九陂(po)等鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮部分地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)連州(zhou)丘陵(ling)(ling)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)(di)。
(2)水文(wen)情況:主(zhu)要河(he)(he)流有(you)星子河(he)(he),發源于大東山(shan)(shan)脈,它是珠江流域北江水系的(de)(de)主(zhu)要支流,發源地近(jin)處建(jian)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)大型的(de)(de)潭嶺水庫。保安河(he)(he)、東陂河(he)(he)發源于北部(bu)的(de)(de)簸箕山(shan)(shan)脈,還有(you)連南瑤族自治縣的(de)(de)三江河(he)(he),流經本(ben)市附城(cheng)鎮大墩村(cun)附近(jin)匯入連江。
三.地域范圍
廣東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)市位(wei)于廣東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,地(di)處(chu)五嶺中之萌(meng)渚嶺南麓,主要是丘陵盆(pen)地(di),北(bei)(bei)(bei)江支流連(lian)(lian)江上游。東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)與湖南省(sheng)宜章縣(xian)相接,東(dong)(dong)南與陽山(shan)縣(xian)交界,西(xi)(xi)南和連(lian)(lian)南縣(xian)為鄰,西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)與湖南藍山(shan)縣(xian)、江化(hua)縣(xian)接壤,北(bei)(bei)(bei)面同湖南省(sheng)臨武縣(xian)相連(lian)(lian)。地(di)域保(bao)護區位(wei)于在(zai)東(dong)(dong)經112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯在(zai)24°37′~25°12′之間,保(bao)護區域包括連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)市的大路邊、星子、龍坪、西(xi)(xi)江、九陂、連(lian)(lian)州(zhou)、西(xi)(xi)岸、東(dong)(dong)陂、豐陽、保(bao)安(an)、瑤安(an)、三(san)水等(deng)12個(ge)鄉鎮。生產面積12萬(wan)畝,產量可達17萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征:連州菜心(xin)須根(gen)多,根(gen)系淺(qian);植株直立或(huo)(huo)(huo)半立,莖(jing)短縮;一般株體高50-70cm,直徑2-3cm,可食(shi)用(yong)部(bu)分25-30cm,重200g;基(ji)葉(xie)(xie)開展或(huo)(huo)(huo)斜立,葉(xie)(xie)片較一般菜葉(xie)(xie)細(xi)小,呈卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色或(huo)(huo)(huo)黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色,葉(xie)(xie)緣波狀,基(ji)部(bu)有裂片或(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu),或(huo)(huo)(huo)葉(xie)(xie)翼延伸;葉(xie)(xie)脈明顯,具(ju)狹長葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)。花薹(tai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色,薹(tai)葉(xie)(xie)呈卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)以至披針形(xing)(xing);短柄(bing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu)柄(bing)。花薹(tai)為主要食(shi)用(yong)部(bu)分,品質柔(rou)嫩,風(feng)味別致。菜心(xin)多數只采主薹(tai),側薹(tai)萌(meng)發少。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:連州菜心營養價值很高,其中鋅含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.42mg/100g、錳(meng)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.15mg/100g、鈣含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥47.40mg/100g、磷含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥25mg/100g、蛋白(bai)質含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥1.7%、粗纖維含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.9%、水(shui)分含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥93.1%和灰分含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)≥0.87g/100g。具有補(bu)氣養腎、健脾胃之功效,既是(shi)制作飲食點心、佳肴(yao)的上乘(cheng)原料,又是(shi)滋補(bu)身體的營養佳品(pin)。
(3)安全(quan)要求:連州菜心生(sheng)產過程以(yi)《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)法》、《農產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan)法》等法律法規為(wei)導(dao)向(xiang),做(zuo)好收獲前的農產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安全(quan)監測(ce)工作,農藥(yao)、肥(fei)料等投入品(pin)(pin)必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)按照無公(gong)害(hai)、綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產要求執行,產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量必須(xu)符合綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)要求。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)擇產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)附(fu)近要求(qiu)(qiu)無(wu)(wu)工業污染,區(qu)內及周(zhou)圍無(wu)(wu)污染水(shui)源,無(wu)(wu)固(gu)體廢(fei)棄物等污染,地(di)(di)勢平坦、排(pai)灌方便,土壤(rang)耕層深厚、有機質豐富、疏松肥沃、結構和(he)理(li)化性狀良好(hao)的(de)土地(di)(di),保水(shui)保肥力強的(de)以壤(rang)土、粘壤(rang)土及沙壤(rang)土為好(hao),土壤(rang)PH值(zhi)6.0—7.0為宜。種(zhong)植環境(jing)必(bi)須(xu)符合《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)蔬(shu)菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環境(jing)要求(qiu)(qiu)》(NY 5010-2002)的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。
(2)品(pin)種選擇(ze):根據連州菜心的(de)風味(wei)特(te)點,品(pin)質特(te)征主要(yao)決定(ding)于當(dang)地獨特(te)的(de)自(zi)然生態環(huan)境和人工(gong)選育(yu),總體質量選擇(ze)飽滿、無蟲(chong)口、色澤(ze)好的(de)種子。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況:屬亞熱帶季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區,光(guang)熱資源豐富,四季(ji)(ji)分明,氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和,雨(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)19.5℃,歷年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均日照時數(shu)為1713.7小時,多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降雨(yu)量(liang)為1572.8毫(hao)米。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均有霜(shuang)(shuang)日數(shu)13.7天(tian),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)為301.9天(tian),最長(chang)(chang)336天(tian),最短268天(tian),80%保證率的無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)達(da)275天(tian);域內山地比平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低、水熱時空分布不均,形成明顯的山區立體氣(qi)(qi)候,風力小、日夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)日較差(cha)9.8℃,光(guang)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、水條件能較好地滿足農作(zuo)物(wu)生長(chang)(chang)的需要(yao),作(zuo)物(wu)生長(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)節長(chang)(chang),具(ju)有發(fa)展(zhan)農業生產的有利條件。
(4)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管理:連(lian)州菜(cai)心生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)必須(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)按照《連(lian)州菜(cai)心生(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術規程(cheng)》操作。在生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中需要肥料、農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)等投(tou)入品(pin)要求來源可靠的。 病蟲害(hai)的防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)按照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),綜合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的植保方(fang)針,堅(jian)持以(yi)“農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物理防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)輔”的無害(hai)化(hua)治(zhi)(zhi)理原(yuan)則。 嚴(yan)格(ge)執行國家有關規定(ding),禁(jin)止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)度、高(gao)殘留農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)應符合(he)GB 4285和GB/T 8321的規定(ding)。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)交替使(shi)用(yong)(yong),嚴(yan)格(ge)按照農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)。 產(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)的規定(ding):在農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全間(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)后(hou)適時采收(shou),采收(shou)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)具要清潔、衛生(sheng)、無污染(ran)。 生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄要求:如(ru)實記(ji)(ji)錄農(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)的名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、停(ting)用(yong)(yong)日(ri)期(qi)、收(shou)獲(huo)日(ri)期(qi)、質(zhi)量檢測(ce)情(qing)況、銷售情(qing)況、生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄等。建立生(sheng)產(chan)管理檔案(an),以(yi)備查閱(yue)。
六.包(bao)裝標識相(xiang)關規定(ding)
產(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝(zhuang)上標(biao)有“連州菜(cai)心(xin)”、“榮獲(huo)廣東省(sheng)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認證”和(he)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)識(shi)字(zi)(zi)樣和(he)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)圖案,必須字(zi)(zi)跡(ji)清晰,容易辨(bian)認,連州菜(cai)心(xin)的(de)生產(chan)經營者使用此包裝(zhuang)必須向(xiang)連州市農作物技術推廣站(zhan)提(ti)出申請,申請通過后方可采用連州菜(cai)心(xin)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)識(shi)字(zi)(zi)樣和(he)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)圖案,并按照要求規范生產(chan)和(he)使用標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。