芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

外(wai)在感官特征：壽(shou)光(guang)螞蜆，其貝殼(ke)呈三角卵圓形，具有前(qian)傾(qing)的(de)殼(ke)頂，殼(ke)頂至(zhi)貝殼(ke)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)的(de)距(ju)離約(yue)等于(yu)貝殼(ke)全長的(de)1/3。小月(yue)面(mian)(mian)橢(tuo)圓形或(huo)(huo)略(lve)呈梭形，盾面(mian)(mian)梭形。貝殼(ke)前(qian)端(duan)(duan)邊緣(yuan)橢(tuo)圓，后端(duan)(duan)邊緣(yuan)略(lve)呈截形。殼(ke)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)灰黃色(se)或(huo)(huo)深(shen)褐(he)色(se)，有的(de)帶褐(he)色(se)斑點。殼(ke)面(mian)(mian)除了同心生長輪外(wai)，還有細密(mi)的(de)放射肋。水(shui)管(guan)基部愈合(he)，入水(shui)管(guan)口喙觸手不分叉。前(qian)閉(bi)(bi)殼(ke)肌痕(hen)半圓形，后閉(bi)(bi)殼(ke)肌痕(hen)近(jin)卵形。放射肋與生長線交錯形成布(bu)紋狀(zhuang)。

二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和人文歷史因素

壽(shou)光(guang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處中緯度帶(dai)(dai)，北臨渤海(hai)，屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)季(ji)(ji)風區(qu)(qu)(qu)大陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。受冷暖氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交替(ti)影響(xiang)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了“春(chun)季(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱少(shao)雨，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)炎(yan)熱多(duo)(duo)雨，秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)爽(shuang)涼(liang)有(you)(you)旱，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)干(gan)冷少(shao)雪”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特(te)點。歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)591.9毫(hao)(hao)米，最大年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1286.7毫(hao)(hao)米，最小年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)299.5毫(hao)(hao)米。年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)總(zong)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)2607.4小時(shi)(shi)，日照(zhao)率(lv)為(wei)(wei)49%，10℃以(yi)上(shang)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)1568.6小時(shi)(shi)，占總(zong)日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)12.6℃，受大陸性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)和(he)(he)海(hai)洋季(ji)(ji)風的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重影響(xiang)，氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)變化較劇烈(lie)，春(chun)季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度回升較快，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)天氣(qi)(qi)炎(yan)熱，平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)23℃，日最高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度在(zai)(zai)30℃以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間，平(ping)均(jun)每年(nian)(nian)68天。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)逐(zhu)日降(jiang)低，平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)19℃，有(you)(you)寒流(liu)出現(xian)(xian)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)從12月(yue)份(fen)開(kai)始，平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)-1.0℃以(yi)下，日氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低于-10℃以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間平(ping)均(jun)每年(nian)(nian)22天。四季(ji)(ji)分明，干(gan)濕度非常明顯。北臨渤海(hai)萊州灣，該海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢低平(ping)，坡降(jiang)較緩，坡度為(wei)(wei)2.0×104，屬粉砂(sha)淤泥(ni)質(zhi)型海(hai)岸，含(han)砂(sha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)70％～80％。平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)深(shen)較小，有(you)(you)彌河、丹河、旺河、小老(lao)河、織女河等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)河流(liu)注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)，附近還有(you)(you)黃河、濰河、白(bai)浪(lang)(lang)河等(deng)(deng)(deng)入(ru)(ru)海(hai)，因為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)河流(liu)入(ru)(ru)海(hai)，帶(dai)(dai)來了豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)鹽(yan)和(he)(he)有(you)(you)機物(wu)，水(shui)質(zhi)肥沃，為(wei)(wei)浮(fu)游生物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁衍生長提供了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，餌料生物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多(duo)(duo)，數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)。據(ju)《壽(shou)光(guang)年(nian)(nian)鑒》記載：“老(lao)河口(kou)(kou)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)浮(fu)游動物(wu)總(zong)生物(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)比(bi)春(chun)季(ji)(ji)高(gao)，春(chun)季(ji)(ji)50-100毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/米3，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)100-250毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/米3 ，PH值7.2-8.3，鹽(yan)度15.38-28.53‰，溶解氧5.67-10.51毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/升，淺海(hai)漁(yu)業資源豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)，灘涂貝種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多(duo)(duo)但以(yi)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)居多(duo)(duo)”。 螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)棲(qi)(qi)息環境要(yao)求：螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)大多(duo)(duo)棲(qi)(qi)息在(zai)(zai)風浪(lang)(lang)較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內灣、且有(you)(you)適量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)淡水(shui)注(zhu)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中、低潮區(qu)(qu)(qu)，但鹽(yan)度較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沿海(hai)島嶼和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)米深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮下帶(dai)(dai)，也(ye)偶(ou)有(you)(you)發現(xian)(xian)；棲(qi)(qi)息底質(zhi)，以(yi)含(han)砂(sha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)70％～80％的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)泥(ni)灘數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)最多(duo)(duo)。在(zai)(zai)含(han)砂(sha)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)很少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)灘和(he)(he)含(han)泥(ni)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)極少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)地(di)(di)(di)(di)或礫石地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)，雖也(ye)有(you)(you)發現(xian)(xian)，但數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)甚少(shao)。通過以(yi)上(shang)對老(lao)河口(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)環境和(he)(he)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)所(suo)要(yao)求環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比(bi)可以(yi)看出，老(lao)河口(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)無(wu)(wu)論地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢、底質(zhi)、水(shui)質(zhi)、餌料、鹽(yan)度等(deng)(deng)(deng)各項指(zhi)標(biao)都特(te)別(bie)適合于螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態習(xi)性(xing)，從而(er)誕生了著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)光(guang)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)。自七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代末在(zai)(zai)壽(shou)光(guang)老(lao)河口(kou)(kou)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)自然種(zhong)群(qun)，并形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)捕撈產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，八(ba)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代初開(kai)始進行(xing)人(ren)工(gong)增養(yang)殖(zhi)，目前(qian)增養(yang)殖(zhi)面積30000多(duo)(duo)畝(mu)，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)6000余噸。據(ju)1991年(nian)(nian)《山(shan)東(dong)省志 水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)志》記載：“螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)主要(yao)分布在(zai)(zai)山(shan)東(dong)壽(shou)光(guang)老(lao)可口(kou)(kou)海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)及山(shan)東(dong)半島南(nan)部海(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)，分布面積13.8萬畝(mu)，資源蘊(yun)藏量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約1.4萬噸”。其個體(ti)雖小，但味道(dao)鮮美(mei)，肉(rou)可鮮食(shi)，亦可加工(gong)成(cheng)蛤干(gan)、五香蛤仔，是(shi)(shi)價(jia)廉味美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大眾食(shi)品。活蛤也(ye)是(shi)(shi)出口(kou)(kou)創匯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品大量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)出口(kou)(kou)日本等(deng)(deng)(deng)東(dong)南(nan)亞國家。與縊蟶(cheng)、牡蠣和(he)(he)毛蚶一(yi)起被稱為(wei)(wei)中國傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“四大養(yang)殖(zhi)貝類(lei)(lei)”。由于良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)質(zhi)和(he)(he)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餌料資源，老(lao)河口(kou)(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)口(kou)(kou)味鮮美(mei)，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)，這一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)2009年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品被評為(wei)(wei)無(wu)(wu)公害產(chan)(chan)(chan)品，保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)2008年(nian)(nian)被認定為(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省漁(yu)業標(biao)準化示范基地(di)(di)(di)(di)；2009年(nian)(nian)被農業部認定為(wei)(wei)水(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)健(jian)康養(yang)殖(zhi)示范場。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品深(shen)受消費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)睞。由于鮮美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)(kou)味和(he)(he)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)，在(zai)(zai)當地(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)創造出了花樣(yang)繁多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烹飪方(fang)法，如: 菠菜(cai)炒(chao)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)、砂(sha)鍋釀螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)、絲瓜炒(chao)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)、辣(la)炒(chao)螞(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)已成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)廣泛流(liu)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)美(mei)食(shi)名(ming)吃。

三.地域范圍

壽光螞(ma)蜆（ma xian）山(shan)東地(di)區統(tong)稱蛤蜊(li)(gala)、壽光一帶俗(su)稱花蛤，主要(yao)分(fen)布在山(shan)東省(sheng)壽光市(shi)行政區內的營(ying)里鎮(zhen)老(lao)河(he)口沿海一帶，地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經119°00′00″～119°05′00″，北緯 37°16′00″～37°18′00″，總面積 30000畝(mu)，年產(chan)量6000余噸(dun)。

四(si).產品品質特性特征

1、產(chan)品品質特色(se)：外在感(gan)官特征(zheng)：壽光螞(ma)蜆[Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams et Reeve)]，其(qi)貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)呈三角卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)，具有(you)前(qian)傾的殼(ke)(ke)頂(ding)，殼(ke)(ke)頂(ding)至貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)的距離約(yue)等(deng)于貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)全長(chang)的1/3。小月(yue)面(mian)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)或(huo)略(lve)呈梭(suo)形(xing)(xing)，盾面(mian)梭(suo)形(xing)(xing)。貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)邊緣橢(tuo)圓，后(hou)端(duan)邊緣略(lve)呈截(jie)形(xing)(xing)。殼(ke)(ke)表(biao)面(mian)灰黃色(se)或(huo)深褐色(se)，有(you)的帶褐色(se)斑點(dian)。殼(ke)(ke)面(mian)除了同(tong)心生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)輪外，還有(you)細密的放射(she)肋(lei)。水管基部愈(yu)合，入水管口喙觸手不(bu)分叉(cha)。前(qian)閉(bi)殼(ke)(ke)肌痕(hen)半圓形(xing)(xing)，后(hou)閉(bi)殼(ke)(ke)肌痕(hen)近卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)，放射(she)肋(lei)與生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)線(xian)交錯形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)布紋狀。殼(ke)(ke)面(mian)厚而斑點(dian)大(da)，整體顏色(se)比(bi)其(qi)他地(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的螞(ma)蜆深，離水后(hou)存活時間在相同(tong)條件下比(bi)其(qi)他地(di)區的長(chang)30%以上，所以深受銷售(shou)(shou)客戶的歡迎，擴大(da)了銷售(shou)(shou)范圍，產(chan)品80%銷售(shou)(shou)日(ri)本和韓國(guo)。

2、內在品質指標(biao)：據有(you)關醫學報道，螞(ma)蜆(xian)具有(you)一下藥理作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)：a延緩衰老作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，螞(ma)蜆(xian)水(shui)(shui)提取物明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)降(jiang)低小(xiao)鼠肝(gan)組織中過氧化脂質含量(liang)，提高超氧化物歧化酶(mei)(SOD)活(huo)性，降(jiang)低皮膚和尾腱中羥脯氨含量(liang)，具有(you)顯(xian)著的延緩衰老作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。 b抗腫瘤(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，該提取物對肉(rou)瘤(liu)180、艾瘤(liu)腹水(shui)(shui)型和肝(gan)癌實體型具有(you)較明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的抑制作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。c降(jiang)壓作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，螞(ma)蜆(xian)肉(rou)具有(you)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的降(jiang)壓作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。d性味:味甘；咸；性寒e功能主治(zhi):清熱解毒(du)。主臁瘡(chuang)；黃水(shui)(shui)瘡(chuang)f用(yong)(yong)法用(yong)(yong)量(liang):外用(yong)(yong)：適量(liang)，煅存性，研末(mo)撒。

3、質(zhi)量安(an)全規(gui)定：嚴(yan)格按照以上“3特定生產(chan)方式”中1產(chan)地環境(jing)、2苗種放養、3生產(chan)管(guan)理中的(de)生產(chan)要(yao)求(qiu)符合GB 18406.4-2001--農(nong)產(chan)品安(an)全質(zhi)量無(wu)公(gong)害水(shui)產(chan)品安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)、NY5052--無(wu)公(gong)害食品 海水(shui)養殖用水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)、NY 5701--無(wu)公(gong)害食品 漁(yu)用藥物(wu)使用標準、NY5073--2001-無(wu)公(gong)害食品 水(shui)產(chan)品中有毒有害物(wu)質(zhi)限(xian)量中所規(gui)定的(de)各項指標組織發展生產(chan)，完(wan)善質(zhi)量管(guan)理細則，確保壽光(guang)螞蜆(xian)的(de)質(zhi)量安(an)全。

五(wu).特定生產方式

1、產(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境 ：保(bao)護區自然環(huan)(huan)(huan)境優良(liang)，水質(zhi)肥度適(shi)宜，鹽(yan)度適(shi)宜，適(shi)口餌料豐富，而且以(yi)(yi)螞(ma)蜆(xian)喜食的(de)圓篩藻(zao)、舟形藻(zao)、菱形藻(zao)等底棲硅藻(zao)類(lei)居多，透明度0.3-1.0米左右，海(hai)(hai)況水質(zhi)符合GB 11607的(de)規(gui)定要求，為(wei)螞(ma)蜆(xian)的(de)繁衍(yan)生長創造了(le)得天獨厚的(de)自然環(huan)(huan)(huan)境條件。為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步保(bao)護好這一(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)方優質(zhi)資(zi)源，壽光(guang)市政(zheng)府于2008年(nian)9月22日成(cheng)立了(le)壽光(guang)市海(hai)(hai)惠海(hai)(hai)水養殖專業合作社(she)，以(yi)(yi)壽光(guang)市海(hai)(hai)惠集(ji)團為(wei)依托(tuo)，以(yi)(yi)海(hai)(hai)惠集(ji)團貝類(lei)養殖場為(wei)發展(zhan)(zhan)基(ji)地(di)(di)，實(shi)行(xing)“企業+合作社(she)+基(ji)地(di)(di)”的(de)經營管(guan)(guan)(guan)理模式(shi)，重點對(dui)螞(ma)蜆(xian)實(shi)行(xing)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)苗種(zhong)供應、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)質(zhi)量(liang)標準、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)產(chan)品(pin)和產(chan)地(di)(di)認(ren)證、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)技術管(guan)(guan)(guan)理、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)銷售的(de)“六統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)”模式(shi)，有(you)效地(di)(di)克服了(le)分散生產(chan)經營的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)、安全保(bao)障(zhang)難的(de)問題。在(zai)生產(chan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理中總結(jie)出了(le)“五(wu)防(fang)(fang)”、“五(wu)勤(qin)(qin)”的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理經驗(yan)。“五(wu)防(fang)(fang)”是：防(fang)(fang)洪、防(fang)(fang)暑、防(fang)(fang)凍、防(fang)(fang)人踐踏(ta)、防(fang)(fang)敵害(hai)。“五(wu)勤(qin)(qin)”是：勤(qin)(qin)巡邏、勤(qin)(qin)查(cha)苗、勤(qin)(qin)修堤、勤(qin)(qin)清溝、勤(qin)(qin)除(chu)害(hai)。目前該合作社(she)擁有(you)投(tou)資(zi)社(she)員111人，發展(zhan)(zhan)社(she)員398戶。

2、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)放養(yang):目前保護區(qu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以自(zi)繁自(zi)育為主(zhu)，劃定(ding)(ding)親貝繁育場，定(ding)(ding)期(qi)進行(xing)螞(ma)蜆(xian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的采(cai)集，苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)規格整齊，殼長(chang)0.5-1cm，大(da)小均勻(yun)，色澤鮮艷(yan)，殼厚(hou)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，無破損、健(jian)壯、活力強，規格合格率≥90%，畸(ji)形率和傷殘死亡率≤3%。采(cai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后進行(xing)底播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)養(yang)成(cheng)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)季節：由于苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)不同，播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)也就有(you)所差別(bie)。白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)一般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai) 4—5月(yue)份(fen)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)10—11月(yue)份(fen)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)：播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)分為干播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和濕(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。干播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)于白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)退潮(chao)后，將(jiang)蛤苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)均勻(yun)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)蛤埋上(shang)，防(fang)止成(cheng)堆集結。濕(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)適用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和大(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)潮(chao)水(shui)未(wei)退出埕面時(shi)(shi)，直接從(cong)船上(shang)把苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)撒到苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)埕的海區(qu)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)潮(chao)或潮(chao)流緩慢時(shi)(shi)進行(xing)，以防(fang)蛤苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)流失。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)(mi)度：播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密(mi)(mi)度因環境條件和苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)小的不同而有(you)所差異。潮(chao)區(qu)低的埕地，露出時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)短，攝食(shi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)長(chang)，生(sheng)長(chang)快，同時(shi)(shi)敵害生(sheng)物也多(duo)，蛤仔受害大(da)，可適當多(duo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)；高潮(chao)區(qu)由于攝食(shi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)短，生(sheng)長(chang)慢，不宜(yi)多(duo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。一般(ban)(ban)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密(mi)(mi)度白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)為3～5千克／畝，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)7～10千克／畝，大(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)12—15千克／畝。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運輸：用(yong)(yong)竹(zhu)筐、塑料箱等器具運輸。運輸過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)避(bi)免日照、風(feng)吹，保持(chi)濕(shi)(shi)潤。在(zai)(zai)20℃時(shi)(shi)，運輸時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)30h內；在(zai)(zai)16℃時(shi)(shi)，運輸時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)48h以內。防(fang)災(zai)：防(fang)臺風(feng)、洪水(shui)、酷熱。除敵害：藥物使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)按NY5071規定(ding)(ding)執(zhi)行(xing)。養(yang)殖期(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的管理工作(zuo)主(zhu)要是修(xiu)堰(yan)、預防(fang)自(zi)然(ran)災(zai)害、清(qing)除敵害生(sheng)物（如海星、螺類(lei)、蟹類(lei)、蛇(she)鰻(man)、鳥類(lei)）等。

3、生產(chan)管理：就是(shi)劃定(ding)適于螞蜆生長(chang)并能自然(ran)附(fu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)，實(shi)施(shi)封灘育貝。初期在種苗(miao)(miao)(miao)稀(xi)少的地方先行(xing)(xing)移播苗(miao)(miao)(miao)種，在自然(ran)貝苗(miao)(miao)(miao)分布不勻的灘面(mian)可移密補(bu)稀(xi)，促進生長(chang)，達到商(shang)品(pin)規格(體長(chang)3厘米(mi)以(yi)上)后進行(xing)(xing)輪捕(bu)、銷售，以(yi)有(you)利(li)于貝苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的再附(fu)著。 整個(ge)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)海域實(shi)施(shi)分片(pian)承(cheng)包管理，以(yi)人工(gong)增殖、護(hu)(hu)養為(wei)主，實(shi)行(xing)(xing)“輪捕(bu)輪放(fang)，捕(bu)大留(liu)小(xiao)”的生產(chan)和管理模式，制(zhi)定(ding)嚴格的質(zhi)量(liang)安全制(zhi)度，完善質(zhi)量(liang)保證(zheng)體系(xi)，將水質(zhi)監測、教育培訓、技術(shu)措施(shi)、檢查和管理制(zhi)度、產(chan)地環境保護(hu)(hu)以(yi)及獎罰制(zhi)度等匯編成冊，分發(fa)到各個(ge)會員手中，保證(zheng)各項制(zhi)度具有(you)適合(he)性、科學(xue)性和可操作性。

六.包裝標識相關規定(ding)

在保(bao)護區地域范圍內的所有螞(ma)蜆生產經營(ying)者，在產品(pin)或(huo)包裝上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)已獲登記保(bao)護的螞(ma)蜆地理(li)標志，須向壽光(guang)市(shi)海(hai)惠海(hai)水養殖專業合作社(she)提出申(shen)請，并按(an)照相關要求規范生產和使(shi)用(yong)標志，標志使(shi)用(yong)人應(ying)在其產品(pin)或(huo)其外(wai)包裝上(shang)統一使(shi)用(yong)農產品(pin)地理(li)標志（壽光(guang)螞(ma)蜆名稱(cheng)和農產品(pin)地理(li)標志公共(gong)標識圖案組合標注型式）。

1、包(bao)(bao)裝：所用(yong)(yong)包(bao)(bao)裝材料(liao)兼顧堅固、潔(jie)凈、無毒(du)、無異味。所有類型包(bao)(bao)裝符(fu)合(he)GB7718的規定。內包(bao)(bao)裝采用(yong)(yong)清潔(jie)無毒(du)的塑料(liao)袋（盒、瓶）、麻織品等(deng)。 2、標識(shi)(shi)：標志(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)人(ren)應在其產(chan)品或其包(bao)(bao)裝上統一使用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)品地理標志(zhi)（壽光螞蜆名稱和公共標識(shi)(shi)圖案(an)組合(he)標注型式）。

3、貯(zhu)存：剛(gang)出水(shui)的(de)螞(ma)蜆體(ti)內含有(you)(you)(you)(you)細沙，需在暫養池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)吐沙處(chu)理，暫養池(chi)(chi)要求環境潔凈(jing)衛(wei)生、陰涼(liang)、無(wu)(wu)毒、無(wu)(wu)異味，以水(shui)泥池(chi)(chi)為(wei)好，并配有(you)(you)(you)(you)微(wei)管充氧，暫養池(chi)(chi)水(shui)鹽度(du)(du)與產地鹽度(du)(du)差(cha)別小(xiao)于5‰，暫養8-10小(xiao)時(shi)即可吐沙干凈(jing)。 4、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)：運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)工具(ju)(ju)清潔、無(wu)(wu)毒、無(wu)(wu)異味，禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)與有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)或有(you)(you)(you)(you)腐蝕(shi)性的(de)物(wu)品混運(yun)，運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)途中(zhong)(zhong)防止(zhi)(zhi)日曬雨淋、蟲害(hai)(hai)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)污染(ran)，活體(ti)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)采用透氣性良好的(de)麻袋進行(xing)干法運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)，需要保持濕潤，常溫(wen)(wen)條件下超過5小(xiao)時(shi)需要冷藏車(che)保持在5℃-10℃低溫(wen)(wen)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)，具(ju)(ju)體(ti)根據運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)間長短適當(dang)調(diao)整溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)，裝卸時(shi)要輕拿輕放(fang)，防止(zhi)(zhi)機械損(sun)害(hai)(hai)。