一.產品介紹
外(wai)在感官(guan)特征:壽(shou)光螞蜆,其貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)呈(cheng)三角卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),具有前(qian)傾的殼(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding),殼(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding)至貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)前(qian)端的距離(li)約等于(yu)貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)全長的1/3。小月(yue)面(mian)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)或略(lve)呈(cheng)梭形(xing),盾(dun)面(mian)梭形(xing)。貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)前(qian)端邊(bian)緣(yuan)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan),后端邊(bian)緣(yuan)略(lve)呈(cheng)截形(xing)。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)表面(mian)灰黃色(se)(se)(se)或深褐色(se)(se)(se),有的帶褐色(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)點。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)面(mian)除了(le)同(tong)心生長輪外(wai),還有細密的放射(she)(she)肋。水(shui)管(guan)基部愈合,入水(shui)管(guan)口喙觸手(shou)不分(fen)叉(cha)。前(qian)閉殼(ke)(ke)(ke)肌痕(hen)半圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),后閉殼(ke)(ke)(ke)肌痕(hen)近卵(luan)形(xing)。放射(she)(she)肋與生長線交錯形(xing)成布(bu)紋狀。
二(er).自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
壽(shou)(shou)光地(di)(di)處中(zhong)緯(wei)度(du)帶(dai)(dai),北臨(lin)渤海(hai)(hai),屬暖溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)大(da)陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候。受(shou)冷暖氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)的(de)(de)交(jiao)替(ti)影響,形成(cheng)了(le)“春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱少(shao)(shao)雨,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)爽(shuang)涼有(you)旱,冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)干冷少(shao)(shao)雪”的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點。歷年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)591.9毫(hao)米(mi),最(zui)(zui)大(da)年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1286.7毫(hao)米(mi),最(zui)(zui)小年(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)299.5毫(hao)米(mi)。年(nian)(nian)日(ri)照總(zong)時(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2607.4小時(shi),日(ri)照率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)49%,10℃以(yi)上日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1568.6小時(shi),占總(zong)日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)60%。全年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)12.6℃,受(shou)大(da)陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候和(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)洋季(ji)(ji)(ji)風的(de)(de)雙(shuang)重影響,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)變化較劇烈,春季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)回升(sheng)(sheng)較快,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)炎熱,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)23℃,日(ri)最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)在(zai)30℃以(yi)上的(de)(de)時(shi)間,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均每年(nian)(nian)68天。秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)逐日(ri)降低,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)19℃,有(you)寒流(liu)出現(xian)。冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)從12月份開始(shi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)-1.0℃以(yi)下,日(ri)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低于(yu)-10℃以(yi)下的(de)(de)時(shi)間平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均每年(nian)(nian)22天。四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,干濕度(du)非常明顯。北臨(lin)渤海(hai)(hai)萊州灣,該(gai)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)勢低平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping),坡降較緩,坡度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.0×104,屬粉砂(sha)淤泥(ni)質(zhi)型(xing)海(hai)(hai)岸(an),含砂(sha)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)70%~80%。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)深較小,有(you)彌河(he)、丹河(he)、旺(wang)河(he)、小老河(he)、織(zhi)女河(he)等(deng)多(duo)條河(he)流(liu)注入,附近還有(you)黃河(he)、濰河(he)、白浪河(he)等(deng)入海(hai)(hai),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)多(duo)條河(he)流(liu)入海(hai)(hai),帶(dai)(dai)來了(le)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang)鹽(yan)和(he)(he)有(you)機物(wu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)肥沃,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)繁衍生(sheng)長提供了(le)良好的(de)(de)條件,餌(er)料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)物(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo),數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)。據《壽(shou)(shou)光年(nian)(nian)鑒》記載:“老河(he)口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)浮游動物(wu)總(zong)生(sheng)物(wu)量(liang)(liang)夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)比(bi)春季(ji)(ji)(ji)高,春季(ji)(ji)(ji)50-100毫(hao)克(ke)/米(mi)3,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)100-250毫(hao)克(ke)/米(mi)3 ,PH值7.2-8.3,鹽(yan)度(du)15.38-28.53‰,溶(rong)解氧(yang)5.67-10.51毫(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)(sheng),淺海(hai)(hai)漁業資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu),灘(tan)涂(tu)貝(bei)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo)但以(yi)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)居(ju)多(duo)”。 螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)棲息環(huan)境要求:螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)大(da)多(duo)棲息在(zai)風浪較小的(de)(de)內灣、且有(you)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)注人的(de)(de)中(zhong)、低潮(chao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),但鹽(yan)度(du)較高的(de)(de)沿海(hai)(hai)島嶼和(he)(he)數(shu)(shu)(shu)米(mi)深的(de)(de)潮(chao)下帶(dai)(dai),也(ye)偶(ou)有(you)發現(xian);棲息底(di)質(zhi),以(yi)含砂(sha)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)70%~80%的(de)(de)砂(sha)泥(ni)灘(tan)數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)。在(zai)含砂(sha)量(liang)(liang)很少(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)泥(ni)灘(tan)和(he)(he)含泥(ni)量(liang)(liang)極少(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)砂(sha)地(di)(di)或礫石地(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai),雖(sui)也(ye)有(you)發現(xian),但數(shu)(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)甚(shen)少(shao)(shao)。通過(guo)以(yi)上對老河(he)口(kou)(kou)一帶(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)理環(huan)境和(he)(he)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)所(suo)要求環(huan)境的(de)(de)對比(bi)可以(yi)看出,老河(he)口(kou)(kou)一帶(dai)(dai)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)無論(lun)地(di)(di)勢、底(di)質(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)、餌(er)料(liao)(liao)、鹽(yan)度(du)等(deng)各項指標都特別適(shi)合于(yu)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)生(sheng)態習性,從而(er)誕生(sheng)了(le)著(zhu)名的(de)(de)壽(shou)(shou)光螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)。自(zi)七十年(nian)(nian)代末在(zai)壽(shou)(shou)光老河(he)口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)形成(cheng)自(zi)然種(zhong)群,并形成(cheng)捕撈產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang),八(ba)十年(nian)(nian)代初開始(shi)進行人工增養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi),目前增養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)30000多(duo)畝,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)6000余噸。據1991年(nian)(nian)《山東(dong)省志 水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)志》記載:“螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)主要分布在(zai)山東(dong)壽(shou)(shou)光老可口(kou)(kou)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及山東(dong)半島南部(bu)海(hai)(hai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),分布面(mian)積(ji)13.8萬畝,資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)蘊藏(zang)量(liang)(liang)約1.4萬噸”。其個體雖(sui)小,但味(wei)道鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei),肉可鮮(xian)(xian)食(shi),亦可加工成(cheng)蛤(ha)干、五(wu)香(xiang)蛤(ha)仔,是價廉(lian)味(wei)美(mei)的(de)(de)大(da)眾食(shi)品(pin)。活蛤(ha)也(ye)是出口(kou)(kou)創匯的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)大(da)量(liang)(liang)出口(kou)(kou)日(ri)本等(deng)東(dong)南亞國家。與(yu)縊蟶、牡(mu)蠣和(he)(he)毛蚶一起被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國傳統的(de)(de)“四大(da)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)貝(bei)類(lei)”。由(you)(you)于(yu)良好的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)和(he)(he)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)餌(er)料(liao)(liao)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan),老河(he)口(kou)(kou)一帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)口(kou)(kou)味(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei),質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)上等(deng),這一帶(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)2009年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)被評為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無公害(hai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)2008年(nian)(nian)被認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山東(dong)省漁業標準化示(shi)范基(ji)地(di)(di);2009年(nian)(nian)被農業部(bu)認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)健(jian)康養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)示(shi)范場。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)深受(shou)消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)青睞(lai)。由(you)(you)于(yu)鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei)的(de)(de)口(kou)(kou)味(wei)和(he)(he)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)(yang),在(zai)當地(di)(di)也(ye)創造出了(le)花樣繁多(duo)的(de)(de)烹飪方法,如: 菠菜炒(chao)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)、砂(sha)鍋(guo)釀螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)、絲瓜炒(chao)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)、辣炒(chao)螞(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)等(deng)已成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣泛流(liu)行的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方美(mei)食(shi)名吃。
三.地域范圍
壽光螞蜆(ma xian)山東(dong)(dong)地區(qu)統稱蛤蜊(gala)、壽光一帶俗稱花蛤,主要分布在山東(dong)(dong)省壽光市行政區(qu)內的營里鎮老河口沿海一帶,地理(li)坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經119°00′00″~119°05′00″,北緯 37°16′00″~37°18′00″,總面積 30000畝(mu),年產量6000余噸。
四(si).產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特色(se)(se):外(wai)在感官特征:壽光螞蜆[Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams et Reeve)],其(qi)(qi)貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)呈三角卵(luan)圓(yuan)形,具(ju)有前(qian)傾的(de)殼(ke)(ke)頂,殼(ke)(ke)頂至貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)的(de)距離約等于(yu)貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)全長的(de)1/3。小月面橢圓(yuan)形或略呈梭形,盾面梭形。貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)前(qian)端(duan)邊緣橢圓(yuan),后端(duan)邊緣略呈截形。殼(ke)(ke)表面灰黃色(se)(se)或深(shen)(shen)褐(he)色(se)(se),有的(de)帶(dai)褐(he)色(se)(se)斑點。殼(ke)(ke)面除了(le)同(tong)心生(sheng)(sheng)長輪外(wai),還有細密的(de)放射(she)(she)肋(lei)。水(shui)管(guan)基部(bu)愈合,入水(shui)管(guan)口(kou)喙觸手不分(fen)叉。前(qian)閉(bi)殼(ke)(ke)肌痕半(ban)圓(yuan)形,后閉(bi)殼(ke)(ke)肌痕近卵(luan)形,放射(she)(she)肋(lei)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)長線交錯形成布紋(wen)狀。殼(ke)(ke)面厚(hou)而斑點大(da),整(zheng)體顏色(se)(se)比其(qi)(qi)他地(di)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)螞蜆深(shen)(shen),離水(shui)后存活(huo)時(shi)間在相同(tong)條件下比其(qi)(qi)他地(di)區(qu)的(de)長30%以上(shang),所以深(shen)(shen)受銷售(shou)客戶(hu)的(de)歡迎,擴大(da)了(le)銷售(shou)范圍,產(chan)品(pin)80%銷售(shou)日本和韓國。
2、內在品質指標:據有(you)(you)(you)關醫學報道,螞蜆(xian)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)一下藥(yao)理作(zuo)用(yong)(yong):a延緩衰老作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),螞蜆(xian)水(shui)提取(qu)物(wu)明顯(xian)降低小鼠肝組(zu)織中(zhong)過氧化脂質含(han)量(liang),提高超氧化物(wu)歧化酶(SOD)活性(xing),降低皮膚(fu)和尾腱中(zhong)羥脯氨含(han)量(liang),具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)顯(xian)著的延緩衰老作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。 b抗腫(zhong)瘤作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),該提取(qu)物(wu)對肉(rou)(rou)瘤180、艾瘤腹水(shui)型(xing)和肝癌實體型(xing)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)明顯(xian)的抑制作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。c降壓作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),螞蜆(xian)肉(rou)(rou)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)的降壓作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。d性(xing)味(wei):味(wei)甘;咸;性(xing)寒(han)e功能主治:清熱解毒。主臁(lian)瘡;黃水(shui)瘡f用(yong)(yong)法用(yong)(yong)量(liang):外用(yong)(yong):適量(liang),煅存(cun)性(xing),研末撒。
3、質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)規(gui)定(ding):嚴格按(an)照以上“3特定(ding)生產(chan)方式”中1產(chan)地環境(jing)、2苗種放養、3生產(chan)管理中的生產(chan)要求符(fu)合(he)GB 18406.4-2001--農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)質(zhi)量無(wu)公(gong)害水產(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)要求、NY5052--無(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin)(pin) 海(hai)水養殖用水水質(zhi)、NY 5701--無(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin)(pin) 漁用藥(yao)物使用標(biao)準、NY5073--2001-無(wu)公(gong)害食品(pin)(pin) 水產(chan)品(pin)(pin)中有毒有害物質(zhi)限量中所規(gui)定(ding)的各項指標(biao)組織發展生產(chan),完(wan)善(shan)質(zhi)量管理細則,確(que)保壽(shou)光螞蜆的質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)。
五.特(te)定(ding)生產方(fang)式
1、產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing) :保(bao)護(hu)區自(zi)然(ran)環境(jing)優良(liang),水質(zhi)肥(fei)度(du)(du)適(shi)宜(yi),鹽度(du)(du)適(shi)宜(yi),適(shi)口餌(er)料(liao)豐富,而且以(yi)螞蜆喜(xi)食(shi)的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)篩藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、舟形藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、菱形藻(zao)(zao)(zao)等(deng)底(di)棲(qi)硅(gui)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)居多,透明(ming)度(du)(du)0.3-1.0米左右,海(hai)況(kuang)水質(zhi)符合GB 11607的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定要求,為(wei)螞蜆的(de)(de)(de)繁衍生(sheng)長創造了得(de)天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)環境(jing)條件。為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)保(bao)護(hu)好這一(yi)(yi)地(di)方優質(zhi)資源,壽光(guang)市(shi)政府(fu)于2008年9月(yue)22日(ri)成立了壽光(guang)市(shi)海(hai)惠海(hai)水養殖專業合作(zuo)社(she),以(yi)壽光(guang)市(shi)海(hai)惠集團(tuan)為(wei)依托,以(yi)海(hai)惠集團(tuan)貝類(lei)養殖場為(wei)發(fa)展基地(di),實行(xing)“企(qi)業+合作(zuo)社(she)+基地(di)”的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營管(guan)理模式,重點(dian)對(dui)螞蜆實行(xing)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)苗(miao)種供應、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)質(zhi)量(liang)標準(zhun)、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和(he)產(chan)(chan)地(di)認證、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)技術管(guan)理、統(tong)一(yi)(yi)包裝銷售的(de)(de)(de)“六統(tong)一(yi)(yi)”模式,有效(xiao)地(di)克服了分散生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)監管(guan)、安全(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)難的(de)(de)(de)問題。在生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理中(zhong)總結出了“五(wu)防”、“五(wu)勤(qin)”的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理經(jing)(jing)驗。“五(wu)防”是:防洪、防暑、防凍、防人踐踏(ta)、防敵害(hai)。“五(wu)勤(qin)”是:勤(qin)巡邏、勤(qin)查苗(miao)、勤(qin)修堤、勤(qin)清溝、勤(qin)除害(hai)。目前(qian)該合作(zuo)社(she)擁有投資社(she)員111人,發(fa)展社(she)員398戶。
2、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)放養:目(mu)前(qian)保(bao)護區苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)自繁自育為(wei)主(zhu),劃(hua)定(ding)(ding)親(qin)貝繁育場,定(ding)(ding)期進(jin)行(xing)螞蜆苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)采集,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)(gui)格整齊,殼(ke)長0.5-1cm,大(da)(da)小均勻,色澤鮮艷,殼(ke)厚(hou)適(shi)中(zhong),無破損、健壯、活力強,規(gui)(gui)格合格率(lv)≥90%,畸形率(lv)和(he)傷殘死亡率(lv)≤3%。采苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)底(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)養成(cheng)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)季節:由(you)于(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)不(bu)同(tong),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)也就(jiu)有所差(cha)別。白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)一般在(zai)(zai) 4—5月份播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)10—11月份播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa):播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)分為(wei)干播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)濕(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。干播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)多(duo)用(yong)于(yu)白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)退潮(chao)后(hou),將蛤(ha)(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)均勻撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)蛤(ha)(ha)埋上(shang),防(fang)止(zhi)成(cheng)堆集結。濕(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)大(da)(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)潮(chao)水未退出(chu)埕(cheng)(cheng)面時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),直接從(cong)船上(shang)把苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)撒到苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)埕(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)區。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應在(zai)(zai)平潮(chao)或潮(chao)流緩(huan)慢(man)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)行(xing),以(yi)防(fang)蛤(ha)(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)流失(shi)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)度:播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密(mi)度因環(huan)境條(tiao)件和(he)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)小的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)而有所差(cha)異。潮(chao)區低的(de)(de)埕(cheng)(cheng)地(di),露(lu)出(chu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)短,攝(she)(she)食時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)長,生(sheng)長快,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)敵(di)害生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)也多(duo),蛤(ha)(ha)仔受害大(da)(da),可適(shi)當多(duo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo);高潮(chao)區由(you)于(yu)攝(she)(she)食時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)短,生(sheng)長慢(man),不(bu)宜多(duo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。一般播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密(mi)度白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)為(wei)3~5千(qian)克/畝,中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)7~10千(qian)克/畝,大(da)(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)12—15千(qian)克/畝。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu):用(yong)竹(zhu)筐、塑(su)料箱等(deng)器具運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)。運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)過程中(zhong)避免日照、風吹,保(bao)持(chi)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)。在(zai)(zai)20℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)30h內;在(zai)(zai)16℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)48h以(yi)內。防(fang)災:防(fang)臺風、洪水、酷熱。除(chu)敵(di)害:藥物(wu)(wu)使用(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按NY5071規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)執行(xing)。養殖期間(jian)的(de)(de)管理工(gong)作主(zhu)要是修堰(yan)、預防(fang)自然災害、清除(chu)敵(di)害生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(如海(hai)(hai)星、螺類(lei)(lei)(lei)、蟹類(lei)(lei)(lei)、蛇鰻、鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei))等(deng)。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理(li):就是劃定適于(yu)螞(ma)蜆生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長并能自(zi)然附苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護區,實施封灘育貝(bei)。初期在(zai)種苗(miao)稀少的(de)(de)(de)地方先行(xing)移(yi)(yi)播苗(miao)種,在(zai)自(zi)然貝(bei)苗(miao)分(fen)布不勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)灘面可移(yi)(yi)密補(bu)稀,促進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,達到商品規(gui)格(體(ti)長3厘米以(yi)上)后進行(xing)輪(lun)捕(bu)、銷售,以(yi)有利于(yu)貝(bei)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)再附著。 整個(ge)保(bao)(bao)護區海域實施分(fen)片承包管理(li),以(yi)人工增殖、護養(yang)為(wei)主,實行(xing)“輪(lun)捕(bu)輪(lun)放,捕(bu)大留(liu)小”的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)管理(li)模式,制(zhi)(zhi)定嚴格的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)安全制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),完善(shan)質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)(bao)證體(ti)系,將水(shui)質(zhi)監測、教(jiao)育培訓、技(ji)術措施、檢查和(he)(he)管理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)、產(chan)(chan)地環境保(bao)(bao)護以(yi)及獎罰制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)等(deng)匯編成冊,分(fen)發(fa)到各(ge)(ge)個(ge)會員手中(zhong),保(bao)(bao)證各(ge)(ge)項制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)具(ju)有適合性(xing)、科學性(xing)和(he)(he)可操作性(xing)。
六(liu).包裝標識相關規(gui)定
在保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區地(di)域范(fan)圍內的所(suo)有(you)螞蜆(xian)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用已獲登記保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的螞蜆(xian)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志,須向壽(shou)光市(shi)海惠海水養(yang)殖專業合作社提出申請,并按照相關(guan)要(yao)求規范(fan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和使(shi)用標(biao)志,標(biao)志使(shi)用人應(ying)在其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品或其外包(bao)裝上統一使(shi)用農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(壽(shou)光螞蜆(xian)名稱(cheng)和農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標(biao)志公共(gong)標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型式)。
1、包(bao)(bao)裝:所用包(bao)(bao)裝材(cai)料兼(jian)顧堅(jian)固、潔(jie)凈(jing)、無毒(du)、無異味。所有(you)類型包(bao)(bao)裝符合GB7718的(de)規定。內(nei)包(bao)(bao)裝采用清(qing)潔(jie)無毒(du)的(de)塑料袋(盒、瓶)、麻(ma)織(zhi)品(pin)(pin)等。 2、標識(shi):標志使用人應在其產品(pin)(pin)或其包(bao)(bao)裝上(shang)統(tong)一使用農產品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標志(壽光螞蜆名稱和公(gong)共(gong)標識(shi)圖案組(zu)合標注(zhu)型式)。
3、貯存:剛(gang)出水(shui)的螞蜆體(ti)內含有(you)細沙,需在(zai)暫養(yang)(yang)池(chi)中進行吐(tu)沙處理,暫養(yang)(yang)池(chi)要求(qiu)環(huan)境潔(jie)凈(jing)(jing)衛生、陰涼、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味,以水(shui)泥池(chi)為好(hao),并(bing)配有(you)微管充氧,暫養(yang)(yang)池(chi)水(shui)鹽(yan)度與產地鹽(yan)度差別小(xiao)于5‰,暫養(yang)(yang)8-10小(xiao)時(shi)即可吐(tu)沙干(gan)凈(jing)(jing)。 4、運輸(shu)(shu):運輸(shu)(shu)工具(ju)清潔(jie)、無(wu)毒、無(wu)異味,禁止(zhi)與有(you)毒、有(you)害或有(you)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)的物品混運,運輸(shu)(shu)途中防止(zhi)日曬雨淋、蟲害、有(you)害物質的污(wu)染,活體(ti)運輸(shu)(shu)時(shi)采(cai)用透氣性(xing)良好(hao)的麻袋進行干(gan)法運輸(shu)(shu),需要保持濕潤,常溫(wen)條件下(xia)超過5小(xiao)時(shi)需要冷藏(zang)車保持在(zai)5℃-10℃低溫(wen)運輸(shu)(shu),具(ju)體(ti)根據運輸(shu)(shu)時(shi)間(jian)長短適當調整溫(wen)度,裝卸時(shi)要輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,防止(zhi)機械損害。