一.產品介紹
“翠(cui)碧一(yi)(yi)號(hao)”屬于(yu)(yu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)兩大(da)特(te)色烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。烤(kao)后煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)顏色多呈桔(jie)黃(huang)色,色澤飽滿(man)(man)、組(zu)織細致(zhi)、結構疏松(song)、厚(hou)(hou)度適中、油分(fen)足、彈性強。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)具有比較(jiao)典(dian)型的(de)(de)清香型風格特(te)征,清雅飄逸,香氣量足、豐滿(man)(man)細膩綿長,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)味厚(hou)(hou)實飽滿(man)(man),吃味醇和、余(yu)味干(gan)凈、生(sheng)雜氣較(jiao)少,出絲率高、配(pei)伍性好、醇化時(shi)間段短。 三明市種(zhong)(zhong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歷史悠久,始于(yu)(yu)明朝萬歷年間,迄今已(yi)有近四(si)百年歷史。近代以前,種(zhong)(zhong)植煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)類型多為曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),以沙縣(xian)夏(xia)茂(mao)曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)最為有名,曾有“煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)魁(kui)”的(de)(de)美譽。烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)植始于(yu)(yu)上世紀六(liu)、七十(shi)年代,1988年烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)植在全(quan)(quan)(quan)市范圍內(nei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)推廣,1991年后種(zhong)(zhong)植規(gui)模(mo)迅速擴大(da),躍居全(quan)(quan)(quan)省(sheng)之(zhi)首。“翠(cui)碧一(yi)(yi)號(hao)”是福建(jian)省(sheng)三明市寧化縣(xian)1977年從(cong)“特(te)字401”煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)變異(yi)株中選育而成的(de)(de),1982年被正式定(ding)名為“翠(cui)碧一(yi)(yi)號(hao)”。1989年6月(yue),該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)通過省(sheng)級審(shen)評(ping)。1991年, 翠(cui)碧一(yi)(yi)號(hao)被全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員(yuan)會(hui)認定(ding)為“推廣良種(zhong)(zhong)”。 二十(shi)一(yi)(yi)世紀初,三明煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區著力(li)培育特(te)色煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)區,大(da)力(li)加強 “良種(zhong)(zhong)、良法、良烤(kao)”綜合配(pei)套技術研(yan)究及推廣,有效克服了推廣初期單產(chan)低、病害重(zhong)(zhong)、烘烤(kao)難等生(sheng)產(chan)瓶(ping)頸(jing),同時(shi)積極爭取上級政(zheng)策扶持,注重(zhong)(zhong)加強工商(shang)合作,有效推動了該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)發(fa)展壯大(da)。近幾年,三明市“翠(cui)碧一(yi)(yi)號(hao)”種(zhong)(zhong)植規(gui)模(mo)穩定(ding)在80萬擔左右(you),已(yi)穩步進入國(guo)內(nei)眾多重(zhong)(zhong)點工業企(qi)業和重(zhong)(zhong)點卷(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)牌(如:中華、蘇煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、白(bai)沙、黃(huang)鶴(he)樓(lou)、七匹狼(lang)等)的(de)(de)配(pei)方,并在這(zhe)些骨干(gan)卷(juan)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)牌的(de)(de)配(pei)方中發(fa)揮著重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)作用(yong)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:全市(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型有紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫(zi)色土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等7類,其(qi)中(zhong)水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)積162000.03公頃,占土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)積的7.07%,占耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)積的95.63%,是(shi)主要的耕(geng)作(zuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)。水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)耕(geng)作(zuo)層(ceng)深(shen)厚,質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)疏松,透氣性好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)弱(ruo)酸,pH在4.6~7.5之間;有機質(zhi)含量比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)豐富(fu),平均3.06%;全氮貯(zhu)量豐富(fu),平均1.5g/kg,速效(xiao)氮適中(zhong),堿解氮151.95mg/kg;速效(xiao)磷(lin)含量比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)豐富(fu),磷(lin)的供給比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充足(zu),平均22.46mg/kg;速效(xiao)鉀平均40.55mg/kg。全市(shi)屬多(duo)(duo)山(shan)丘陵(ling)地(di)(di)(di)帶,以低山(shan)為(wei)主、多(duo)(duo)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)多(duo)(duo)丘陵(ling)多(duo)(duo)盆(pen)谷(gu)的層(ceng)狀結構明顯(xian),可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵(ling)、河(he)谷(gu)平原與(yu)崗(gang)(gang)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)及水(shui)域4類,其(qi)中(zhong)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵(ling)與(yu)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積占99%以上,河(he)谷(gu)平原與(yu)崗(gang)(gang)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)及水(shui)面(mian)不到1%。全市(shi)森林覆(fu)蓋率達76.8%,素有“綠(lv)色寶庫”之美(mei)稱(cheng)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):三(san)(san)明境(jing)域溪(xi)(xi)(xi)河甚多(duo),河網(wang)密(mi)度(du)大(da)(da)于0.13公(gong)(gong)里(li)/平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。多(duo)數(shu)屬閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,少數(shu)屬汀江(jiang)(jiang)、九龍江(jiang)(jiang)和江(jiang)(jiang)西省琴(qin)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。河流(liu)(liu)干流(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)致順構造(zao)線發(fa)育,構成不對稱的樹枝狀(zhuang)或(huo)格(ge)子狀(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。 沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)是境(jing)內第一(yi)大(da)(da)溪(xi)(xi)(xi),為(wei)(wei)閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)上游三(san)(san)大(da)(da)支流(liu)(liu)(沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、建溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi))之一(yi),發(fa)源(yuan)于建寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)均口(kou)鎮嚴峰山南(nan)麓,向南(nan)經(jing)(jing)寧(ning)化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、清流(liu)(liu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永安市(shi)、三(san)(san)明市(shi)區(qu)、沙縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)至(zhi)南(nan)平(ping)市(shi)沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)口(kou)與富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)匯合(he)(he),注入閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang),全(quan)(quan)長322公(gong)(gong)里(li),流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)(ji)11770平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li),占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)境(jing)總面積(ji)(ji)的51.3%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)量96億立方米(mi)(mi)。金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)是三(san)(san)明市(shi)第二大(da)(da)河流(liu)(liu),也(ye)是閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)上游富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)重要的支流(liu)(liu)之一(yi)。源(yuan)頭有二:一(yi)為(wei)(wei)寧(ning)溪(xi)(xi)(xi),發(fa)源(yuan)于寧(ning)化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)安遠鄉武(wu)夷山麓;二為(wei)(wei)瀾(lan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi),發(fa)源(yuan)于建寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)客坊鄉中(zhong)畬,二溪(xi)(xi)(xi)自合(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)匯合(he)(he)后始(shi)稱金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)。金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)自合(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)向東北經(jing)(jing)泰寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、將樂縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)至(zhi)順昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)注入富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi),全(quan)(quan)長253公(gong)(gong)里(li),流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)(ji)7201平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)是閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)游的一(yi)級(ji)支流(liu)(liu),長171公(gong)(gong)里(li),流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)(ji)5436平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里(li)。沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)位3~5.7米(mi)(mi),金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)1.77~3.18米(mi)(mi),尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)上游均溪(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)田站(zhan)為(wei)(wei)3.65米(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)位的季(ji)節和年(nian)(nian)(nian)際變(bian)化都較大(da)(da),具暴(bao)漲暴(bao)落(luo)特征(zheng)(zheng)。通(tong)常每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)5、6月份水(shui)(shui)(shui)位最高,11月至(zhi)翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月水(shui)(shui)(shui)位最低,相差1~2米(mi)(mi),甚至(zhi)11~12米(mi)(mi)(如尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi))。三(san)(san)明市(shi)地(di)表(biao)徑流(liu)(liu)豐富,多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)量約215.83億立方米(mi)(mi)。各(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系在枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期主要以地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)補給,其(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)化學(xue)特征(zheng)(zheng)基(ji)本(ben)上與流(liu)(liu)域內地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)類似,基(ji)本(ben)上為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)綠、黃綠色、透明、無(wu)臭(chou)的中(zhong)性、弱酸性軟水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質類型為(wei)(wei)HCO3-Ca.Na(或(huo)Na.Ca)型。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:三明(ming)市(shi)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)類型屬(shu)中亞熱(re)帶海洋性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)分明(ming),年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在16.8℃~19.4℃,最(zui)熱(re)月(yue)(yue)(yue)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)份平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27℃~29℃,最(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)份平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在5℃~9℃,無霜期258~306天(tian),年平均降水量1550mm~1830mm,相對濕度79~84%,年日照數1600~1790小(xiao)時,年活動積溫(wen)≥10℃在4000~6000℃之(zhi)間。
三.地域范圍
三明市(shi)(shi)位(wei)于(yu)福(fu)建省西(xi)北部,武(wu)夷山(shan)脈和戴(dai)云山(shan)脈之間(jian),地(di)理座標(biao)介于(yu)東經116°22ˊ~118°36ˊ和北緯25°29ˊ~27°07ˊ之間(jian)。東接(jie)福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),南連龍(long)巖、泉州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),北鄰南平市(shi)(shi),西(xi)同江西(xi)省毗鄰。三明翠碧一號烤煙生產地(di)域范(fan)圍包括三明市(shi)(shi)行(xing)政區(qu)域內三元(yuan)、梅(mei)列、寧(ning)化、清(qing)流、明溪(xi)、永(yong)安、大田(tian)、尤溪(xi)、沙(sha)縣(xian)、蔣樂、泰寧(ning)、建寧(ning)等12個(ge)縣(xian)(市(shi)(shi)、區(qu))71個(ge)鄉鎮,總生產面(mian)積2萬(wan)公頃,總產量(liang)4萬(wan)噸左(zuo)右。
四.產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性特征
1、外觀感官特(te)征:“翠碧一號”系全國煙草品種審(shen)定委員會(hui)認定的推(tui)廣(guang)烤(kao)煙良種,屬(shu)于(yu)全國兩大特(te)色烤(kao)煙品種之一。烤(kao)后(hou)煙葉顏色多呈桔黃色,色澤(ze)飽滿(man)、組織細致、結構疏(shu)松、厚度適中、油分足(zu)(zu)、彈性(xing)強。煙葉具有比較典型的清香型風格特(te)征,清雅飄逸,香氣(qi)量(liang)足(zu)(zu)、豐滿(man)細膩(ni)綿長,煙味厚實飽滿(man),吃味醇和、余味干凈、生(sheng)雜氣(qi)較少,出絲率高(gao)、配伍(wu)性(xing)好、醇化時間段短。
2、安(an)全要求:符(fu)合(he)《烤煙》(GB2635-1992)。
五.特定生產方式
本部分(fen)內容主(zhu)要描(miao)述影響登記(ji)產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)色(se)形成和保(bao)持(chi)的特(te)定生產方式(shi):
1、產地要求(qiu)。 土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)要求(qiu):選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型為水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)、紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)地為砂壤(rang)、壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、中壤(rang)。結構疏松,通透(tou)性好,孔隙度40~50%,容重小于(yu)(yu)1.6, 耕(geng)作(zuo)層(ceng)大于(yu)(yu)15cm,坡度小于(yu)(yu)15°。有機(ji)質(zhi):2~4%;堿解氮130~170mg/kg; 速效磷(lin)15~25 mg/kg;速效鉀平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)40.55 mg/kg;pH值5.0~7.0;0~60cm土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)氯離子小于(yu)(yu)30mg/kg。 氣(qi)(qi)候要求(qiu):年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17~19.4℃,全生(sheng)長(chang)期≥10℃積溫(wen)在4000℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度19~22℃,20~28℃的(de)(de)天數(shu)在80d以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),日照時數(shu)750~850h。采(cai)收(shou)期日平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)20~28℃的(de)(de)天數(shu)≥60d,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數(shu)≥5h/d,累計降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量380~580mm。11月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬播種,1月(yue)底前育出適齡壯苗,2月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬移栽(zai),4月(yue)下旬進(jin)入煙(yan)葉成(cheng)熟采(cai)收(shou)期,煙(yan)葉采(cai)收(shou)時間達45~60d。 水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)要求(qiu):總(zong)砷≤0.05 mg/L,總(zong)汞≤0.001mg/L,總(zong)鎘≤0.005 mg/L,總(zong)鉛≤0.1 mg/L,氯≤160 mg/L,有機(ji)磷(lin)類(lei)≤0.05 mg/L,有機(ji)氯類(lei)≤0.05mg/L,菊酯類(lei)≤0.03mg/L。 前茬作(zuo)物要求(qiu):建立以(yi)(yi)煙(yan)為主的(de)(de)耕(geng)作(zuo)制(zhi)度,實行“煙(yan)稻(dao)輪作(zuo)”,提(ti)倡隔年輪作(zuo),以(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)、玉(yu)米、豆(dou)類(lei)等為前茬,禁(jin)止與(yu)煙(yan)草同源(yuan)病蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)茄科(ke)、葫(hu)蘆科(ke)作(zuo)物連(lian)作(zuo)、對茬。
2、品種(zhong)要(yao)求(qiu)。 品種(zhong)為(wei)“翠碧(bi)一號”,采取單行(xing)高壟種(zhong)植,中(zhong)等肥力田塊,株(zhu)行(xing)距為(wei)0.5m×1.2m,每(mei)667平方米種(zhong)植1100株(zhu),以發揮群體(ti)優勢,保證煙株(zhu)個體(ti)發育與(yu)群體(ti)生(sheng)長的協(xie)調。
3、生產(chan)控制(zhi)(zhi)。 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)三(san)明(ming)翠碧一(yi)號烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)過(guo)程管理,使(shi)(shi)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產(chan)品達到優質、適產(chan)、安(an)全,特(te)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)各項管理制(zhi)(zhi)度(du): 育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)技(ji)(ji)術要求:育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)式為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)濕(shi)潤育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)盤(pan)用(yong)(yong)全新黑色PVC片材(cai)制(zhi)(zhi)成,100穴(xue)/盤(pan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)×寬(kuan)×高=58.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×32厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×4.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),成型孔上(shang)口徑×下(xia)底徑×孔深=4.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×1.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×4.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),重(zhong)量≥90克/盤(pan)。育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)場地(di)應選(xuan)擇避風向陽、地(di)勢平坦、地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位低、有潔凈(jing)水(shui)源(井水(shui)、自來水(shui))、交通方(fang)便(bian)、遠離影(ying)響苗(miao)(miao)(miao)棚(peng)光照的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)等(deng)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang),禁止在(zai)(zai)菜地(di)、茄科作物(wu)地(di)及當年(nian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)建(jian)棚(peng),以(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)傳染病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。推廣竹木結(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),中(zhong)(zhong)棚(peng)規格為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20.5m、寬(kuan)3.4m、高1.7m,可提供20畝大(da)(da)田用(yong)(yong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)是(shi)寬(kuan)40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走道,邊道寬(kuan)20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。采用(yong)(yong)新鮮干凈(jing)過(guo)篩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)與烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)濕(shi)潤育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質,按3︰7(體(ti)(ti)積比(bi))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例混(hun)合(he),充分(fen)(fen)攪(jiao)拌(ban)均(jun)勻(yun)后(hou)(hou)裝盤(pan),基(ji)(ji)(ji)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)度(du)把(ba)握要求以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)手能握成團(tuan)、松手自然散(san)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。每(mei)穴(xue)播(bo)2粒(li)包(bao)衣種子,播(bo)完后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)盤(pan)上(shang)方(fang)均(jun)勻(yun)反復用(yong)(yong)噴霧器(qi)噴灑清(qing)水(shui),使(shi)(shi)種子包(bao)衣充分(fen)(fen)裂解,然后(hou)(hou)將塑料托盤(pan)兩個并(bing)(bing)排擺放在(zai)(zai)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑料膜(mo)(mo)(mo)上(shang)。育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)營(ying)養液(ye)N︰P205︰k20=2︰1︰2,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料中(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)含有鈣、鎂、銅、鋅、硫(liu)、鐵(tie)、錳(meng)、硼、鉬(mu)等(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量元素。在(zai)(zai)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)期(qi)(qi),要注(zhu)意(yi)補充營(ying)養液(ye),保(bao)(bao)持小池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養液(ye)液(ye)面(mian)在(zai)(zai)1cm左(zuo)右(you),當第二次剪(jian)葉(xie)(xie)結(jie)束還(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou),斷去苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui),改用(yong)(yong)灑水(shui)壺噴灑營(ying)養液(ye)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)齡70~90天(tian),并(bing)(bing)結(jie)合(he)剪(jian)葉(xie)(xie)、煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao),達到根系發(fa)(fa)達,側根數多,個體(ti)(ti)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)強(qiang)(qiang)壯,群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)整(zheng)(zheng)齊一(yi)致,無病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai);真葉(xie)(xie)7片~9片,葉(xie)(xie)色濃淡適中(zhong)(zhong),莖(jing)桿柔韌(ren)繞(rao)手指不斷,莖(jing)粗0.5cm~0.7cm,莖(jing)桿高度(du)5cm~10cm。 移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)術要求:推行(xing)(xing)地(di)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)覆蓋栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei),移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)前(qian)15~25天(tian),先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)粗整(zheng)(zheng)畦(qi),然后(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)壟中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)深15cm~20cm,寬(kuan)15cm~20cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)溝,施用(yong)(yong)條(tiao)(tiao)溝肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)將條(tiao)(tiao)溝填平、壟體(ti)(ti)整(zheng)(zheng)高,整(zheng)(zheng)細、整(zheng)(zheng)平壟體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面(mian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)塊,使(shi)(shi)壟體(ti)(ti)飽(bao)滿,再蓋膜(mo)(mo)(mo)待栽(zai)(zai)。 每(mei)667平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)施用(yong)(yong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)專用(yong)(yong)復混(hun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)43公斤、硫(liu)酸鉀10公斤、硝(xiao)酸鉀10公斤、氧化鎂10公斤、充分(fen)(fen)腐熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500公斤,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)專用(yong)(yong)復混(hun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),硝(xiao)酸鉀全作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),硫(liu)酸鉀一(yi)半為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)︰追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)=8︰2。根據土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)、質地(di)等(deng)確(que)定(ding)(ding)密度(du),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較(jiao)好、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)深厚、排灌方(fang)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田塊行(xing)(xing)距115cm~120cm,株(zhu)(zhu)距50cm~55cm,每(mei)667平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)種植(zhi)(zhi)1050~1100株(zhu)(zhu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較(jiao)差,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)較(jiao)淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田塊,行(xing)(xing)距110cm~115cm,株(zhu)(zhu)距45cm~50cm,每(mei)667平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)種植(zhi)(zhi)1100~1200株(zhu)(zhu)。采用(yong)(yong)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)器(qi)定(ding)(ding)距開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)穴(xue)種植(zhi)(zhi)“膜(mo)(mo)(mo)上(shang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”,采用(yong)(yong)營(ying)養土(tu)(tu)(tu)作穴(xue)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、鈣鎂磷、火燒土(tu)(tu)(tu)、山表(biao)凈(jing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)提前(qian)10-15天(tian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)堆漚(ou),施氮量約占(zhan)總(zong)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5%)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai),提高煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)成活率。移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)澆足定(ding)(ding)根水(shui),促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)盡早(zao)返苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。 大(da)(da)田管理技(ji)(ji)術要求:煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)要能夠早(zao)生快發(fa)(fa),正常(chang)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)田間(jian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)相為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)棵煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),個體(ti)(ti)健(jian)壯,群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)均(jun)衡(heng),營(ying)養協調,分(fen)(fen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)落黃。移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)3~5天(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)還(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi);移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)35~45天(tian)達到團(tuan)棵期(qi)(qi);栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)45~55天(tian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入旺長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi);栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)70天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始現蕾,80天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)本定(ding)(ding)形,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入成熟期(qi)(qi)。查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補缺(que):移(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)7天(tian)內(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)查苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補缺(que),先(xian)消除造(zao)成缺(que)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因素如蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)或(huo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)等(deng),再選(xuan)取(qu)老壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補苗(miao)(miao)(miao),并(bing)(bing)對新補煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)重(zhong)點(dian)管理,偏施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui),促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)快速生長(chang)(chang)(chang),保(bao)(bao)證煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)田植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)整(zheng)(zheng)齊一(yi)致;掀膜(mo)(mo)(mo)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、揭膜(mo)(mo)(mo):當煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)處(chu)于(yu)大(da)(da)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)盤(pan)至團(tuan)棵期(qi)(qi)時進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)掀膜(mo)(mo)(mo)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu),改善根系土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤環境,促(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)生長(chang)(chang)(chang),并(bing)(bing)于(yu)4月10日前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)揭膜(mo)(mo)(mo),以(yi)(yi)降低壟體(ti)(ti)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤溫度(du),防(fang)(fang)(fang)止根莖(jing)性病害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)流(liu)行(xing)(xing)。打(da)頂(ding)與留(liu)葉(xie)(xie):肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)營(ying)養正常(chang),發(fa)(fa)育(yu)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)田,在(zai)(zai)10%中(zhong)(zhong)心花(hua)初開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)時結(jie)合(he)小于(yu)15cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無效葉(xie)(xie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)一(yi)次性打(da)頂(ding),確(que)保(bao)(bao)頂(ding)葉(xie)(xie)能夠正常(chang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)面(mian),有效葉(xie)(xie)達18-22片。 病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治技(ji)(ji)術要求:堅(jian)持“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze),突(tu)出農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治措施,以(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)避病為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)預(yu)測預(yu)報(bao),建(jian)立容自然控制(zhi)(zhi)、生態調控、物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)(fang)治及高效低毒低殘留(liu)農(nong)藥(yao)配套使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)有害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生物(wu)綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治體(ti)(ti)系,長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)穩定(ding)(ding)地(di)把(ba)病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)造(zao)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損失降到最(zui)低限度(du),保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)優質煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)。
4、產品處理。 成(cheng)熟(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):基(ji)本(ben)(ben)原則為(wei)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)適(shi)時早采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成(cheng)熟(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)充分成(cheng)熟(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)”。下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)適(shi)時早采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),第一次采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)在打頂后(hou)5-7天(tian)(tian)時進(jin)(jin)行,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面綠(lv)色(se)(se)稍有(you)消退,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)色(se)(se)仍以(yi)綠(lv)為(wei)主;中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成(cheng)熟(shu)穩(wen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),在下(xia)二(er)棚采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)停(ting)7-10天(tian)(tian)左右,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片主脈發白,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面基(ji)本(ben)(ben)全黃(huang),僅有(you)少許青色(se)(se);上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)充分成(cheng)熟(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)主支脈全白,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面黃(huang)色(se)(se)鮮(xian)(xian)明(ming),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)色(se)(se)以(yi)黃(huang)為(wei)主。多云、陰(yin)天(tian)(tian)整天(tian)(tian)均可(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),以(yi)午后(hou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)為(wei)佳。雨天(tian)(tian)不宜(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),晴熱干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)宜(yi)早晨傍晚采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。 綁(bang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):鮮(xian)(xian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)初分:煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou),先進(jin)(jin)行鮮(xian)(xian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)分類,分為(wei)正常(chang)成(cheng)熟(shu)、成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)略高、成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)略低(di)、病蟲(chong)為(wei)害等特殊煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)四類。 限葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)綁(bang)竿(gan):密集式烤(kao)(kao)房,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)3片一束,1.45m長的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)竿(gan),每(mei)竿(gan)50束、約150片;應使用蔴(ma)繩、棉(mian)線等植物(wu)(wu)(wu)纖維作為(wei)綁(bang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)材料(liao)(liao);杜絕采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用橡膠、塑料(liao)(liao)等化(hua)學物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)材料(liao)(liao)用于綁(bang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)。 掛竿(gan)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao):裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao)前(qian)要(yao)(yao)分類統計出總竿(gan)數,確定(ding)每(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)所(suo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)竿(gan)數,要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)同層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均勻,上(shang)下(xia)疏密一致,成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),過熟(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),觀察窗周圍要(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)代表性的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)、含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)少的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),氣(qi)候干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia),應適(shi)當裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)密,烘烤(kao)(kao)時有(you)利于保濕(shi)變(bian)(bian)黃(huang);中(zhong)(zhong)、下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),含(han)水(shui)分多的(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),下(xia)雨天(tian)(tian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),應適(shi)當裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)稀,有(you)利于排濕(shi)。 調制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):調制(zhi)設施(shi)為(wei)密集式烤(kao)(kao)房。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)烘烤(kao)(kao)原則,根(gen)據田間煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育狀況,以(yi)及所(suo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鮮(xian)(xian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)特點及其(qi)(qi)在烘烤(kao)(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua),靈活進(jin)(jin)行各項(xiang)控(kong)制(zhi)操作。按照三段式烘烤(kao)(kao)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),變(bian)(bian)黃(huang)期把握充分變(bian)(bian)黃(huang)凋萎,促進(jin)(jin)淀粉的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua);定(ding)色(se)(se)期要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)適(shi)時排濕(shi)定(ding)色(se)(se);干(gan)(gan)(gan)筋期要(yao)(yao)避免(mian)高溫烤(kao)(kao)紅(hong)等問(wen)題。變(bian)(bian)黃(huang)凋萎期:促進(jin)(jin)內含(han)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充分轉化(hua)特別是(shi)淀粉、蛋白質(zhi)及色(se)(se)素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)解和(he)香氣(qi)前(qian)體物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)。其(qi)(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)領(ling)(ling)是(shi)“穩(wen)住(zhu)溫度(du)(du),調整濕(shi)度(du)(du),控(kong)制(zhi)燒火(huo),延(yan)長時間,確保煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)變(bian)(bian)黃(huang)變(bian)(bian)軟”。干(gan)(gan)(gan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)定(ding)色(se)(se)期:促進(jin)(jin)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)筋充分變(bian)(bian)黃(huang)和(he)最佳顏色(se)(se)固定(ding),促進(jin)(jin)香氣(qi)聚合物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)和(he)積累。其(qi)(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)領(ling)(ling)是(shi)“加(jia)大燒火(huo),穩(wen)住(zhu)濕(shi)球(qiu),升高干(gan)(gan)(gan)球(qiu)”。干(gan)(gan)(gan)筋期:減少香氣(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)揮發,徹底干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥煙(yan)(yan)(yan)筋。其(qi)(qi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)領(ling)(ling)為(wei)“穩(wen)住(zhu)火(huo)力,控(kong)制(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)球(qiu),限制(zhi)濕(shi)球(qiu),減少通風,適(shi)時停(ting)火(huo)”。 等級(ji)判定(ding)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):嚴格(ge)按照國家烤(kao)(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)42級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(GB2635-1992)。
5、生產(chan)記錄要求。 對煙(yan)葉種(zhong)植地點,前茬作物(wu),土壤質地,種(zhong)植品種(zhong),播種(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),移栽時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),所(suo)施(shi)用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)料名(ming)稱(cheng)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方式、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang),施(shi)用(yong)農藥(yao)名(ming)稱(cheng)、施(shi)藥(yao)方式、施(shi)藥(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian),煙(yan)葉采收(shou)、調制、收(shou)購等項目的日期、方式、數量(liang)等進行詳細的記錄。