品種形成
“華容(rong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai)”由(you)華容(rong)縣農民何(he)忠(zhong)岳1978年發現培育成功。該(gai)品種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)似白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai),其葉(xie)呈金(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色,比傳統(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai)要早熟2個(ge)多(duo)月,經過何(he)忠(zhong)岳多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)悉心種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),培育出(chu)了(le)具有生長(chang)期短、發苗快、無公(gong)害(hai)且抗倒伏等特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)(tai)新品種(zhong)(zhong),并于(yu)1992年得到(dao)了(le)華容(rong)縣農科所(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術認證(zheng),取(qu)名為“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)白(bai)苔(tai)(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)”。何(he)忠(zhong)岳能(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)白(bai)苔(tai)(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術得到(dao)了(le)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)農的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣泛認可,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積迅速擴(kuo)大(da)。2001年起,華容(rong)縣發動全縣10多(duo)個(ge)鄉鎮普遍推(tui)種(zhong)(zhong)這種(zhong)(zhong)早季節的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)白(bai)苔(tai)(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai),并于(yu)次年得以(yi)在全縣大(da)面積擴(kuo)種(zhong)(zhong)。
品種特性
華容(rong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)白菜苔,白菜苔中的黃(huang)(huang)(huang)苔類型,湖南地(di)方品種(zhong)(zhong)。早中熟(shu)、優質。從播種(zhong)(zhong)到開始采收60天左右(you),該(gai)品種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)耐熱、播種(zhong)(zhong)過早易感軟腐病。長(chang)沙9月(yue)中旬播種(zhong)(zhong),10月(yue)中旬定植,11月(yue)采收上市。植株(zhu)生長(chang)熱中等(deng),葉金黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色,開展度50cm左右(you),株(zhu)高20cm左右(you)。菜苔嫩(nen)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色,肥嫩(nen),品質好;每(mei)667㎡產量約1500kg。適宜在湖南、湖北等(deng)長(chang)江中下(xia)游(you)地(di)區作晚熟(shu)栽培。 “華容(rong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)白菜苔”生長(chang)期短(duan)、發苗快(kuai)、無公(gong)害且抗倒伏、葉呈(cheng)金黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色、鮮嫩(nen)、爽(shuang)口,以其獨特的風味俏銷(xiao)四方,深受(shou)消(xiao)費者青睞(lai)。
產地環境
華(hua)容(rong)縣(xian)位于湖(hu)南省(sheng)北(bei)(bei)部邊(bian)陲,岳陽市(shi)西(xi)(xi)境(jing),地處(chu)東(dong)(dong)經120°18′31″-113°1′32″,北(bei)(bei)緯29°10′18″-29°48′27″。北(bei)(bei)倚長江,南濱洞庭湖(hu)。周(zhou)鄰(lin)6縣(xian)(市(shi))、場,東(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)岳陽市(shi)君山(shan)(shan)區交界,西(xi)(xi)與(yu)(yu)益陽市(shi)南縣(xian)相鄰(lin),南連國營北(bei)(bei)洲子農場,北(bei)(bei)接湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)石首市(shi),東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)與(yu)(yu)湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)監(jian)利市(shi)隔江而(er)望。縣(xian)境(jing)廣袤70公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),境(jing)內東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)最大橫距68公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),南北(bei)(bei)最大縱距80公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。集雨面積1612平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)全省(sheng)面積的0.76%。其(qi)中平(ping)原1028平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)56%;低山(shan)(shan)丘崗區328平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)17.8%;水面255平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)26.2%。
氣(qi)候方面,華容地屬(shu)北(bei)亞熱(re)(re)帶,為濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)性大(da)陸季風氣(qi)候。具有“氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he),四季分(fen)明,熱(re)(re)量充足,雨水集中;春溫(wen)多變(bian),夏秋(qiu)多旱,嚴寒期短,暑熱(re)(re)期長”的特(te)點。全年太陽可照時數4425.9小時。年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)為16.6C,變(bian)幅在16.3~17.6C之間。境內水域大(da),空氣(qi)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run),干燥度小。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源方面,華容(rong)境內湖(hu)泊星布,河(he)(he)流網(wang)織,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)發(fa)達。有內湖(hu)21個,蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)74.5平方公里(li)(li),調蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量12154萬(wan)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),內河(he)(he)8條,長95.1公里(li)(li),蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量3857萬(wan)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫59座(zuo),其(qi)中中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫2座(zuo),小(xiao)(一)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫6座(zuo),小(xiao)(二)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫51座(zuo),山(shan)塘港土當6208處,總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量6873萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。長江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)藕(ou)池河(he)(he)、華容(rong)河(he)(he)穿境而過。加上每年平均降雨量1214毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量21.3億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),減去蒸發(fa)量6.3億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量為15億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為11.4億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為3.6億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是名副其(qi)實(shi)的“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鄉”。
土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)方面(mian),全縣土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)占(zhan)57.6%,潮土(tu)(tu)占(zhan)24.7%,紅壤(rang)占(zhan)17.6%,菜園土(tu)(tu)占(zhan)0.1%。華容肥沃的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang),溫(wen)暖濕潤的(de)氣候,適宜(yi)植(zhi)物生長。
生產情況
華容縣(xian)(xian)圍繞(rao)“農民增收(shou)”這一核(he)心,積極引導農民發展黃白菜苔(tai)生(sheng)產(chan)。該縣(xian)(xian)適(shi)時組(zu)織(zhi)菜農開展技術培訓、農技人員深入(ru)田(tian)間地(di)頭指導用肥和防(fang)蟲(chong)病等知識,大(da)力推廣無公害標準化生(sheng)產(chan)。縣(xian)(xian)蔬菜協會組(zu)織(zhi)46個小分(fen)隊進(jin)村入(ru)戶進(jin)行坐(zuo)點收(shou)購,并在北京、長(chang)沙、廣州(zhou)等地(di)設立銷售窗(chuang)口(kou)。該縣(xian)(xian)還(huan)加(jia)大(da)了對黃白菜苔(tai)規模化、產(chan)業化的(de)(de)力度,成(cheng)功申(shen)報“黃白菜苔(tai)”為國家農產(chan)品地(di)理標志。到(dao)2009年,全縣(xian)(xian)種(zhong)植面積達到(dao)5萬(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)量突(tu)破(po)7萬(wan)噸(dun),實現銷售收(shou)入(ru)6000萬(wan)元,農民種(zhong)菜的(de)(de)每年純收(shou)入(ru)達1500元。