品種形成
“華(hua)容(rong)黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)苔(tai)”由華(hua)容(rong)縣農民(min)何忠(zhong)岳(yue)1978年(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)現培育成(cheng)功。該品(pin)種(zhong)形(xing)似白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)苔(tai),其葉呈金黃(huang)(huang)色(se),比(bi)傳(chuan)統(tong)種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)小白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)苔(tai)要早(zao)熟2個多(duo)月(yue),經過何忠(zhong)岳(yue)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)悉心種(zhong)植(zhi),培育出(chu)了(le)具有生長(chang)期短(duan)、發(fa)(fa)苗快、無公害且(qie)抗(kang)倒(dao)伏(fu)等(deng)特點的(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)菜(cai)苔(tai)新品(pin)種(zhong),并(bing)(bing)于1992年(nian)(nian)得(de)到了(le)華(hua)容(rong)縣農科所(suo)的(de)技(ji)術認(ren)證,取名為“黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)苔(tai)菜(cai)”。何忠(zhong)岳(yue)能(neng)種(zhong)植(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)苔(tai)菜(cai)的(de)技(ji)術得(de)到了(le)菜(cai)農的(de)廣泛認(ren)可,種(zhong)植(zhi)面積迅速擴(kuo)(kuo)大。2001年(nian)(nian)起,華(hua)容(rong)縣發(fa)(fa)動全縣10多(duo)個鄉鎮普(pu)遍推(tui)種(zhong)這(zhe)種(zhong)早(zao)季節的(de)黃(huang)(huang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)苔(tai)菜(cai),并(bing)(bing)于次年(nian)(nian)得(de)以在全縣大面積擴(kuo)(kuo)種(zhong)。
品種特性
華(hua)容黃白(bai)菜苔(tai),白(bai)菜苔(tai)中(zhong)的黃苔(tai)類型(xing),湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)地(di)方品(pin)種(zhong)。早(zao)中(zhong)熟、優質。從播種(zhong)到開始采收60天左(zuo)(zuo)右,該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)不耐熱(re)、播種(zhong)過早(zao)易感軟(ruan)腐病。長(chang)沙9月中(zhong)旬播種(zhong),10月中(zhong)旬定(ding)植(zhi),11月采收上市。植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)長(chang)熱(re)中(zhong)等,葉(xie)金(jin)黃色,開展(zhan)度50cm左(zuo)(zuo)右,株(zhu)高(gao)20cm左(zuo)(zuo)右。菜苔(tai)嫩(nen)黃色,肥嫩(nen),品(pin)質好;每667㎡產(chan)量約1500kg。適宜(yi)在湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)、湖(hu)(hu)北等長(chang)江中(zhong)下(xia)游地(di)區(qu)作晚熟栽(zai)培。 “華(hua)容黃白(bai)菜苔(tai)”生(sheng)長(chang)期短、發苗快、無公害(hai)且抗倒(dao)伏、葉(xie)呈金(jin)黃色、鮮嫩(nen)、爽口,以其(qi)獨特的風味俏(qiao)銷(xiao)四方,深(shen)受消費者青睞。
產地環境
華容(rong)縣(xian)(xian)位于湖南省(sheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部邊(bian)陲,岳(yue)陽市(shi)西(xi)(xi)境(jing),地處東(dong)經120°18′31″-113°1′32″,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯29°10′18″-29°48′27″。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)倚長江(jiang),南濱洞庭湖。周鄰(lin)6縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi))、場,東(dong)與(yu)岳(yue)陽市(shi)君(jun)山區(qu)交界,西(xi)(xi)與(yu)益陽市(shi)南縣(xian)(xian)相鄰(lin),南連國(guo)營北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)洲(zhou)子農場,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)接湖北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)石首市(shi),東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)與(yu)湖北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)監利市(shi)隔江(jiang)而望(wang)。縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)廣(guang)袤70公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),境(jing)內東(dong)西(xi)(xi)最大橫距68公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),南北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)最大縱(zong)距80公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。集雨面積(ji)1612平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),占(zhan)全省(sheng)面積(ji)的0.76%。其中(zhong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原1028平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),占(zhan)56%;低(di)山丘(qiu)崗(gang)區(qu)328平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),占(zhan)17.8%;水(shui)面255平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),占(zhan)26.2%。
氣(qi)(qi)候方(fang)面,華容地屬(shu)北亞熱帶(dai),為濕(shi)潤性大陸季風氣(qi)(qi)候。具(ju)有(you)“氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,四季分明(ming),熱量充足,雨(yu)水(shui)集中(zhong);春溫(wen)(wen)多變(bian),夏秋多旱,嚴寒期短,暑熱期長”的特(te)點(dian)。全年太(tai)陽可照(zhao)時數4425.9小(xiao)時。年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為16.6C,變(bian)幅在16.3~17.6C之間。境(jing)內水(shui)域(yu)大,空氣(qi)(qi)濕(shi)潤,干燥度(du)小(xiao)。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)方面,華(hua)容(rong)(rong)境內湖泊星布,河(he)流(liu)網織(zhi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)發達。有內湖21個,蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)74.5平(ping)方公(gong)里(li),調(diao)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)12154萬立(li)米,內河(he)8條(tiao),長(chang)95.1公(gong)里(li),蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)3857萬立(li)米。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫59座(zuo)(zuo),其(qi)中中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫2座(zuo)(zuo),小(一)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫6座(zuo)(zuo),小(二)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫51座(zuo)(zuo),山塘港土(tu)當6208處,總蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)6873萬立(li)方米。長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)藕池河(he)、華(hua)容(rong)(rong)河(he)穿境而過。加上每年平(ping)均降雨量(liang)1214毫米,總產水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)21.3億(yi)立(li)米,減去蒸發量(liang)6.3億(yi)立(li)米,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總量(liang)為(wei)15億(yi)立(li)米,其(qi)中地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)11.4億(yi)立(li)米,地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)3.6億(yi)立(li)米,是名副(fu)其(qi)實(shi)的(de)“水(shui)(shui)(shui)鄉”。
土(tu)壤方面,全縣(xian)土(tu)壤中水稻土(tu)占(zhan)(zhan)57.6%,潮土(tu)占(zhan)(zhan)24.7%,紅壤占(zhan)(zhan)17.6%,菜(cai)園土(tu)占(zhan)(zhan)0.1%。華容肥沃(wo)的(de)土(tu)壤,溫暖濕潤(run)的(de)氣候(hou),適宜植物(wu)生長。
生產情況
華容(rong)縣(xian)圍(wei)繞(rao)“農民(min)增(zeng)收(shou)”這一核心,積極引導(dao)農民(min)發展(zhan)黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)菜苔生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。該縣(xian)適(shi)時組織菜農開展(zhan)技(ji)術(shu)培(pei)訓(xun)、農技(ji)人員深入田(tian)間地(di)頭(tou)指導(dao)用肥和防蟲(chong)病等知識,大(da)(da)力(li)推廣無公害標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。縣(xian)蔬(shu)菜協(xie)會(hui)組織46個小分(fen)隊進村入戶進行坐(zuo)點收(shou)購,并在北(bei)京(jing)、長沙、廣州等地(di)設立銷售(shou)窗口(kou)。該縣(xian)還加(jia)大(da)(da)了(le)對(dui)黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)菜苔規(gui)模(mo)化、產(chan)(chan)業化的(de)力(li)度,成功申報“黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)菜苔”為國家農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志。到2009年,全縣(xian)種(zhong)植面(mian)積達到5萬畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)量突破7萬噸,實(shi)現銷售(shou)收(shou)入6000萬元,農民(min)種(zhong)菜的(de)每年純收(shou)入達1500元。