形態特征
鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛莖(jing)直立,圓柱形,長9-35厘米(mi),粗2-4毫米(mi),不(bu)分枝,具(ju)多節(jie),節(jie)間(jian)長1-3-1.7厘米(mi),常(chang)(chang)在中部以上(shang)互生3-5枚葉;葉二列,紙質,長圓狀披針形,長3-4(-7)厘米(mi),寬9-11(-15)毫米(mi),先端鈍(dun)并(bing)且(qie)多少鉤轉,基(ji)部下(xia)延為抱(bao)莖(jing)的(de)鞘(qiao),邊緣和中肋常(chang)(chang)帶(dai)淡紫色(se);葉鞘(qiao)常(chang)(chang)具(ju)紫斑,老時其上(shang)緣與莖(jing)松離而張(zhang)開,并(bing)且(qie)與節(jie)留下(xia)1個環狀鐵(tie)青的(de)間(jian)隙。
總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序常從(cong)落(luo)了葉的(de)老莖上部(bu)(bu)發出(chu),具(ju)(ju)(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序柄長(chang)(chang)5-10毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),基部(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)(ju)2-3枚短(duan)鞘;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸回折狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)彎曲,長(chang)(chang)2-4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)干膜質,淺白色(se)(se),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)5-7毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)稍(shao)(shao)鈍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)和子房長(chang)(chang)2-2.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi);萼(e)片(pian)和花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣黃(huang)綠色(se)(se),近(jin)相(xiang)似,長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)4-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)銳尖,具(ju)(ju)(ju)5條脈;側萼(e)片(pian)基部(bu)(bu)較(jiao)寬(kuan)闊,寬(kuan)約(yue)1厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi); 萼(e)囊(nang)圓(yuan)錐形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),末端(duan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing);唇(chun)(chun)瓣白色(se)(se),基部(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)(ju)1個綠色(se)(se)或(huo)黃(huang)色(se)(se)的(de)胼胝體,卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),比萼(e)片(pian)稍(shao)(shao)短(duan),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)反折,先端(duan)急尖,不裂(lie)或(huo)不明顯3裂(lie),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)以下兩側具(ju)(ju)(ju)紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)條紋(wen),邊緣多少波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang);唇(chun)(chun)盤密布細(xi)乳突狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)毛,并且(qie)在中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)以上具(ju)(ju)(ju)1個紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)斑塊;蕊柱黃(huang)綠色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)兩側各具(ju)(ju)(ju)1個紫(zi)點;蕊柱足黃(huang)綠色(se)(se)帶紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)條紋(wen),疏(shu)生毛;藥帽白色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)三角形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)2.3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂端(duan)近(jin)銳尖并且(qie)2裂(lie)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期3-6月。
生長環境
鐵皮石(shi)斛適宜在涼爽、濕(shi)潤、空氣(qi)(qi)暢通的(de)環(huan)境(jing)生長。生于海拔達1600米的(de)山地半(ban)陰濕(shi)的(de)巖石(shi)上,喜(xi)溫暖(nuan)濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候和半(ban)陰半(ban)陽(yang)的(de)環(huan)境(jing),不耐寒。
德興(xing)(xing)境內群山(shan)(shan)連綿(mian),峰巒重疊(die),崗陵起伏延展,東(dong)(dong)南部(bu)的山(shan)(shan)屬懷玉山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)中段(duan),東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)的山(shan)(shan)屬白際山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)尾段(duan)。懷玉山(shan)(shan)支脈(mo)從(cong)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)入境,縱(zong)貫中部(bu)伸向(xiang)西南,使境內形成東(dong)(dong)、南兩邊高峻,西北(bei)(bei)逐漸(jian)低平向(xiang)內傾斜的地(di)(di)(di)(di)形。地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢自東(dong)(dong)南向(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)傾斜,東(dong)(dong)南層巒疊(die)嶂(zhang),最(zui)(zui)高點(dian)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)三清山(shan)(shan)的 玉京峰,海拔(ba)1816.9米;中部(bu)大茅山(shan)(shan)盤恒起伏,主峰海拔(ba)1392.9米;西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)為(wei)丘陵及山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di),丘頂標高約200-300米,最(zui)(zui)低點(dian)在西部(bu)藍村附近,海拔(ba)32米。德興(xing)(xing)市(shi)常(chang)態地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類型(xing)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵為(wei)主,山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)占德興(xing)(xing)市(shi)面積的44%,丘陵占33%,低丘崗地(di)(di)(di)(di)占23%。