形態特征
鐵(tie)皮石斛莖(jing)直立,圓(yuan)柱形(xing),長(chang)9-35厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),粗(cu)2-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),不(bu)分(fen)枝,具多節(jie),節(jie)間長(chang)1-3-1.7厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),常(chang)在(zai)中部以上互生3-5枚(mei)葉(xie);葉(xie)二(er)列,紙質(zhi),長(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing),長(chang)3-4(-7)厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬9-11(-15)毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先端鈍并且多少(shao)鉤轉,基部下延為抱莖(jing)的鞘,邊緣(yuan)和中肋常(chang)帶淡紫色;葉(xie)鞘常(chang)具紫斑(ban),老時其上緣(yuan)與莖(jing)松離而張開,并且與節(jie)留下1個環(huan)狀(zhuang)鐵(tie)青的間隙。
總狀花序常從落了(le)葉的(de)(de)老莖上(shang)部(bu)發出,具(ju)2-3朵(duo)花;花序柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-10毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),基部(bu)具(ju)2-3枚(mei)短鞘(qiao);花序軸(zhou)回折狀彎曲,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-4厘米(mi);花苞片(pian)(pian)干(gan)膜(mo)質,淺(qian)白色,卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),先端(duan)稍(shao)鈍;花梗(geng)和(he)子房長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-2.5厘米(mi);萼(e)片(pian)(pian)和(he)花瓣(ban)黃(huang)綠色,近相(xiang)似,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓狀披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.8厘米(mi),寬4-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),先端(duan)銳尖,具(ju)5條(tiao)(tiao)脈;側萼(e)片(pian)(pian)基部(bu)較寬闊(kuo),寬約(yue)1厘米(mi); 萼(e)囊(nang)圓錐(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),末(mo)端(duan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing);唇(chun)瓣(ban)白色,基部(bu)具(ju)1個(ge)綠色或(huo)黃(huang)色的(de)(de)胼胝體,卵(luan)狀披(pi)(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),比萼(e)片(pian)(pian)稍(shao)短,中(zhong)部(bu)反(fan)折,先端(duan)急(ji)尖,不裂(lie)(lie)或(huo)不明顯3裂(lie)(lie),中(zhong)部(bu)以下(xia)兩(liang)側具(ju)紫紅(hong)(hong)色條(tiao)(tiao)紋,邊緣多少波狀;唇(chun)盤密布細乳突狀的(de)(de)毛,并且在中(zhong)部(bu)以上(shang)具(ju)1個(ge)紫紅(hong)(hong)色斑(ban)塊;蕊柱(zhu)黃(huang)綠色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),先端(duan)兩(liang)側各具(ju)1個(ge)紫點;蕊柱(zhu)足(zu)黃(huang)綠色帶紫紅(hong)(hong)色條(tiao)(tiao)紋,疏生毛;藥帽白色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)狀三角形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)2.3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),頂端(duan)近銳尖并且2裂(lie)(lie)。花期3-6月。
生長環境
鐵皮石(shi)斛適宜在涼爽、濕(shi)潤、空(kong)氣(qi)暢通的(de)環境(jing)生長。生于(yu)海拔達(da)1600米的(de)山地半(ban)(ban)陰(yin)濕(shi)的(de)巖石(shi)上,喜溫暖(nuan)濕(shi)潤氣(qi)候和半(ban)(ban)陰(yin)半(ban)(ban)陽的(de)環境(jing),不耐寒(han)。
德(de)(de)興(xing)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)群山(shan)(shan)(shan)連(lian)綿,峰(feng)巒重(zhong)疊,崗陵(ling)(ling)起伏(fu)(fu)延(yan)展(zhan),東南部(bu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屬懷(huai)玉(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈中(zhong)段(duan),東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屬白際山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈尾段(duan)。懷(huai)玉(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)支(zhi)脈從(cong)東部(bu)入境(jing),縱貫中(zhong)部(bu)伸(shen)向(xiang)西南,使境(jing)內(nei)(nei)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)東、南兩(liang)邊高(gao)峻,西北(bei)(bei)逐漸低平(ping)向(xiang)內(nei)(nei)傾斜的(de)地(di)形(xing)(xing)。地(di)勢自東南向(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)傾斜,東南層巒疊嶂,最高(gao)點為東部(bu)三清山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de) 玉(yu)京峰(feng),海拔1816.9米(mi);中(zhong)部(bu)大茅山(shan)(shan)(shan)盤恒起伏(fu)(fu),主峰(feng)海拔1392.9米(mi);西北(bei)(bei)部(bu)為丘陵(ling)(ling)及山(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di),丘頂標高(gao)約200-300米(mi),最低點在(zai)西部(bu)藍村附近,海拔32米(mi)。德(de)(de)興(xing)市常態(tai)地(di)貌類(lei)型以山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)、丘陵(ling)(ling)為主,山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)占德(de)(de)興(xing)市面(mian)積(ji)的(de)44%,丘陵(ling)(ling)占33%,低丘崗地(di)占23%。