大(da)荔(li)花生是陜西(xi)省久(jiu)負盛名的(de)特產,主產于陜西(xi)關中平原東部(bu)的(de)大(da)荔(li)縣(xian)一帶(dai)。
以莢果(guo)碩大(da),籽仁飽(bao)滿(man),果(guo)皮(pi)潔白;色澤鮮艷,香脆可口,出(chu)油率高,營養豐富(fu),宜于貯(zhu)存(cun),品質優(you)良(liang)等特點而著稱。可與山東大(da)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、鄭州花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)相媲美。
大荔花生
“麻屋子(zi),紅(hong)帳(zhang)子(zi),里(li)面睡(shui)著白胖子(zi)”。這一則打“花(hua)生(sheng)”的謎語,把花(hua)生(sheng)的形象,比喻得十(shi)分(fen)生(sheng)動有趣。
大荔(li)花(hua)生(sheng)是(shi)陜西省久負盛名(ming)的特產(chan),主產(chan)于(yu)陜西關(guan)中平原東部(bu)的大荔(li)縣一(yi)帶。《大荔(li)縣志稿》記(ji)載(zai):“南鄉沙(sha)(sha)苑(yuan),橫(heng)亙商阜,低灘隙地無幾,加以風沙(sha)(sha)飛走,地力(li)薄弱,不善五(wu)谷。光緒初,邑宰倡鑿井、各村頗遵行之。然沙(sha)(sha)苑(yuan)地狹(xia)風多麥粟終寡(gua);其所產(chan)則金(jin)針(zhen);落花(hua)生(sheng)、紅茹等”。它以莢果(guo)碩大,籽仁飽滿,果(guo)皮(pi)潔白;色(se)澤(ze)鮮艷,香脆可口,出油率高,營養豐富(fu),宜于(yu)貯存,品質優良等特點而著(zhu)稱于(yu)世。可與(yu)全國著(zhu)名(ming)的山東大花(hua)生(sheng)、鄭州花(hua)生(sheng)相媲(pi)美,是(shi)陜西重(zhong)要的內銷和出口商品。
花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)油(you)料作物,也是(shi)(shi)群眾喜愛的(de)(de)干(gan)果(guo),是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們健身增(zeng)壽(shou)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)療保健佳(jia)品(pin)。它(ta)(ta)和大豆一樣被人(ren)(ren)們譽為“植物肉”。花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)僅可(ke)口(kou),而(er)且(qie)營養價(jia)(jia)值高,在(zai)國外有“綠(lv)色(se)牛(niu)奶”之稱。其花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)含蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質24%~36%,脂(zhi)肪44%~54%,油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)含量46.5%~52.3%,亞油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)27.5%~34.32%,油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)與亞油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)比(bi)值為1.29~1.85。并(bing)含有人(ren)(ren)體(ti)必需的(de)(de)8種(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)C、E、B,以及鈣(gai)、鉀、磷、鎂、硫(liu)、鐵等無(wu)機營養成(cheng)分(fen)。花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)不(bu)含芥酸(suan)(suan)(suan),含人(ren)(ren)體(ti)必需而(er)又(you)從動物脂(zhi)肪里得不(bu)到的(de)(de)亞油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan),且(qie)占油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)量的(de)(de)18%~45%,比(bi)菜籽油(you)高1~3倍。經常食(shi)(shi)用花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)和花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you),可(ke)降低血壓(ya),有利人(ren)(ren)體(ti)機能活(huo)(huo)動,防止肝硬化和其它(ta)(ta)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)疾病。花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)所(suo)含蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質之豐富實出人(ren)(ren)意料。據(ju)專家分(fen)析(xi),以同(tong)等重(zhong)量計算,花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)含蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質竟然比(bi)牛(niu)排、火腿還要(yao)多哩!而(er)且(qie)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)優(you)質蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai),和雞蛋(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質相(xiang)仿。人(ren)(ren)體(ti)必需的(de)(de)8種(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)齊全(quan),特別是(shi)(shi)谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和天門冬(dong)氨(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)含量較(jiao)高,對(dui)促進(jin)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)腦細胞發育和增(zeng)加記憶力(li)都有良好的(de)(de)作用。花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)與人(ren)(ren)體(ti)氨(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)組成(cheng)相(xiang)近,極易被人(ren)(ren)體(ti)吸收,而(er)不(bu)含膽固醇。如果(guo)將常用食(shi)(shi)物蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物學(xue)價(jia)(jia)值進(jin)行比(bi)較(jiao),在(zai)植物蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質中,花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)名列前茅。花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中含有維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E,維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E又(you)稱生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育酚,對(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)正(zheng)常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)活(huo)(huo)動有重(zhong)要(yao)保護功能,促進(jin)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖功能發育。花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)高蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)、低糖(tang)類(lei)、易消化食(shi)(shi)品(pin)。因此,對(dui)老年(nian)人(ren)(ren)可(ke)延年(nian)益壽(shou),使青年(nian)人(ren)(ren)更加朝氣蓬(peng)勃,促進(jin)兒童智力(li)發育和健康成(cheng)長(chang),并(bing)且(qie)是(shi)(shi)病弱者的(de)(de)最佳(jia)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)。所(suo)以,民(min)間很早就有“長(chang)壽(shou)果(guo)”、“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)果(guo)”的(de)(de)美名。
花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經(jing)濟價(jia)值高,用(yong)途廣。除食用(yong)、榨油(you)外,還是重(zhong)要的食品(pin)加(jia)工原料,如五香花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)米、油(you)炸花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蛋(dan)白粉(fen)、蛋(dan)白肉(rou)、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)醬、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)罐頭、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)粘、糖(tang)果(guo)、糕(gao)點等花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食品(pin)。大荔縣十多(duo)家食品(pin)加(jia)工廠,還生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酥糕(gao)、雪花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、琥珀花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、可可花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、人(ren)壽果(guo)等十多(duo)種花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系列產(chan)品(pin),深(shen)受人(ren)們(men)歡迎。吃起來(lai)(lai)滿口生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)香,回味無(wu)窮,逢年過節(jie),用(yong)來(lai)(lai)招待客人(ren),或饋贈親友,極(ji)為適宜。
花(hua)生(sheng)還有(you)(you)(you)較高(gao)的藥(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值。其仁、種皮(紅外衣(yi)(yi))、果殼、莖、葉、油,均(jun)可入藥(yao)。花(hua)生(sheng)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)滋養(yang)、潤肺(fei),和胃(wei)的功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。對(dui)肺(fei)燥干咳(ke)、小(xiao)兒百日咳(ke)、高(gao)血(xue)(xue)壓、內(nei)臟出(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)、蟲積(ji)腹(fu)痛、婦女產(chan)后(hou)缺乳等(deng)(deng)疾病(bing),均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的療(liao)(liao)(liao)效。祖(zu)國醫(yi)(yi)學早有(you)(you)(you)記載。據《本(ben)草備要》、《滇南本(ben)草》、《藥(yao)性考(kao)》等(deng)(deng)醫(yi)(yi)書記述:花(hua)生(sheng)米有(you)(you)(you)“補脾(pi)潤肺(fei)”、“補中益氣”、“開(kai)胃(wei)醒脾(pi)”的作用(yong)。還能(neng)(neng)(neng)“治(zhi)腳氣及婦人乳汁缺乏”、“鹽(yan)水(shui)煮食治(zhi)肺(fei)癆,炒用(yong)燥火行(xing)血(xue)(xue),治(zhi)一(yi)(yi)切腹(fu)內(nei)冷積(ji)肚(du)痛”。現(xian)代醫(yi)(yi)學證實花(hua)生(sheng)米的紅外衣(yi)(yi),能(neng)(neng)(neng)抑制纖維蛋白的溶解,促進骨髓制造血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板,加強毛(mao)細血(xue)(xue)管(guan)的收縮機能(neng)(neng)(neng),對(dui)各(ge)種出(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)性疾病(bing),不但有(you)(you)(you)較好(hao)(hao)(hao)的止血(xue)(xue)作用(yong),且對(dui)原發病(bing)有(you)(you)(you)較好(hao)(hao)(hao)的療(liao)(liao)(liao)效。用(yong)花(hua)生(sheng)衣(yi)(yi)制成(cheng)的成(cheng)藥(yao)“血(xue)(xue)寧(ning)片”,對(dui)治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)出(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)癥有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定的治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)效能(neng)(neng)(neng)。花(hua)生(sheng)油可治(zhi)蛔蟲性腸梗阻、腸炎。花(hua)生(sheng)殼對(dui)久(jiu)咳(ke)久(jiu)喘、咳(ke)痰帶(dai)血(xue)(xue)等(deng)(deng)癥,也有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定療(liao)(liao)(liao)效。花(hua)生(sheng)葉還可治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)神經衰弱、失眠等(deng)(deng)癥。