大荔(li)花生(sheng)是陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)久(jiu)負盛名的特產,主產于(yu)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)關中平(ping)原東部的大荔(li)縣一帶。
以莢果碩大,籽仁飽滿,果皮潔白;色澤鮮艷,香脆可(ke)口,出(chu)油率高,營養豐(feng)富,宜于貯存,品(pin)質優良(liang)等特(te)點而著稱(cheng)。可(ke)與(yu)山東大花生、鄭州花生相媲美(mei)。
大荔花生
“麻屋(wu)子,紅帳子,里(li)面睡(shui)著白胖子”。這一則打“花生”的(de)謎語,把花生的(de)形象(xiang),比喻得十分生動有(you)趣。
大(da)荔(li)花生(sheng)是(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省久負盛(sheng)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)特產,主產于(yu)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)關中(zhong)平原東(dong)部的(de)(de)(de)大(da)荔(li)縣一(yi)帶(dai)。《大(da)荔(li)縣志稿》記(ji)載:“南鄉沙(sha)苑,橫亙商阜,低灘隙地無幾,加(jia)以(yi)風沙(sha)飛(fei)走(zou),地力薄(bo)弱,不善五谷。光(guang)緒(xu)初(chu),邑(yi)宰倡鑿井(jing)、各村頗遵行(xing)之。然沙(sha)苑地狹風多麥(mai)粟(su)終(zhong)寡;其(qi)所產則金針;落花生(sheng)、紅(hong)茹等”。它以(yi)莢果碩大(da),籽仁飽滿,果皮(pi)潔白;色(se)澤鮮艷,香(xiang)脆可口,出(chu)油(you)率(lv)高,營(ying)養豐富,宜于(yu)貯存,品質優良等特點而(er)著稱(cheng)于(yu)世。可與全(quan)國著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)山東(dong)大(da)花生(sheng)、鄭州花生(sheng)相媲(pi)美,是(shi)陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)內銷和出(chu)口商品。
花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)重要的(de)油(you)料作物,也是(shi)(shi)群眾(zhong)喜愛的(de)干果,是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們健身(shen)增壽的(de)食(shi)(shi)療保(bao)健佳品(pin)(pin)。它和(he)(he)(he)(he)大豆一(yi)樣被(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們譽為“植(zhi)物肉(rou)”。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)僅可(ke)口,而(er)且營養價值高(gao),在(zai)國外(wai)有(you)(you)“綠色牛奶”之(zhi)稱。其(qi)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)含(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)24%~36%,脂肪44%~54%,油(you)酸(suan)含(han)(han)量46.5%~52.3%,亞油(you)酸(suan)27.5%~34.32%,油(you)酸(suan)與亞油(you)酸(suan)比(bi)值為1.29~1.85。并含(han)(han)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)必(bi)需的(de)8種氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素C、E、B,以及鈣、鉀(jia)、磷(lin)、鎂(mei)、硫(liu)、鐵等無機(ji)營養成(cheng)(cheng)分。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)不(bu)含(han)(han)芥酸(suan),含(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)必(bi)需而(er)又從(cong)動物脂肪里得不(bu)到的(de)亞油(you)酸(suan),且占油(you)酸(suan)量的(de)18%~45%,比(bi)菜籽油(you)高(gao)1~3倍。經(jing)常食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you),可(ke)降低(di)(di)血壓,有(you)(you)利人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)機(ji)能(neng)活動,防止肝硬化和(he)(he)(he)(he)其(qi)它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理疾(ji)病。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)所(suo)含(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)豐富實出人(ren)(ren)(ren)意(yi)料。據專家分析,以同等重量計算,花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)含(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)竟然比(bi)牛排、火腿還要多(duo)哩(li)!而(er)且是(shi)(shi)一(yi)種優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai),和(he)(he)(he)(he)雞(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)的(de)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相仿。人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)必(bi)需的(de)8種氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)齊全,特別是(shi)(shi)谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)天門冬氨(an)(an)酸(suan)的(de)含(han)(han)量較高(gao),對(dui)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)腦(nao)細胞(bao)發育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)增加(jia)記憶力(li)都有(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)作用(yong)(yong)。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)組成(cheng)(cheng)相近,極易(yi)被(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)吸收,而(er)不(bu)含(han)(han)膽固醇。如(ru)果將常用(yong)(yong)食(shi)(shi)物蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物學價值進(jin)(jin)行比(bi)較,在(zai)植(zhi)物蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)名列(lie)前茅。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素E,維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素E又稱生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)酚(fen),對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)正常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活活動有(you)(you)重要保(bao)護功能(neng),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖功能(neng)發育(yu)(yu)。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)、低(di)(di)糖類、易(yi)消化食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。因此,對(dui)老年人(ren)(ren)(ren)可(ke)延年益壽,使(shi)青年人(ren)(ren)(ren)更加(jia)朝(chao)氣蓬勃,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)兒童(tong)智力(li)發育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)健康成(cheng)(cheng)長,并且是(shi)(shi)病弱者(zhe)的(de)最佳食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。所(suo)以,民間很早就(jiu)有(you)(you)“長壽果”、“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長果”的(de)美名。
花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)經濟價(jia)值高(gao),用(yong)途廣。除食(shi)用(yong)、榨(zha)油(you)外,還是重(zhong)要的食(shi)品(pin)加(jia)工原料(liao),如五香花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)米、油(you)炸花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)蛋白粉(fen)、蛋白肉、花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)醬、花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)罐頭(tou)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)粘、糖(tang)果(guo)、糕(gao)點等花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)食(shi)品(pin)。大(da)荔縣十多家食(shi)品(pin)加(jia)工廠(chang),還生(sheng)產(chan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)酥糕(gao)、雪花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、琥珀(po)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、可可花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、人壽果(guo)等十多種花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)系(xi)列產(chan)品(pin),深(shen)受人們歡迎。吃起來滿口生(sheng)香,回味無窮,逢年過(guo)節,用(yong)來招待客人,或饋(kui)贈(zeng)親友,極為適宜。
花(hua)(hua)生還有(you)(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)藥用(yong)(yong)價值。其仁(ren)、種(zhong)皮(紅(hong)外衣)、果(guo)殼、莖(jing)、葉、油,均(jun)(jun)可入藥。花(hua)(hua)生具(ju)有(you)(you)滋(zi)養、潤肺(fei),和胃(wei)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。對肺(fei)燥干咳(ke)、小(xiao)兒百(bai)日咳(ke)、高血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)、內臟出(chu)血(xue)(xue)、蟲(chong)積腹痛、婦女產后缺乳等疾病,均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。祖國醫(yi)學早有(you)(you)記載。據《本(ben)(ben)草備要》、《滇南本(ben)(ben)草》、《藥性(xing)(xing)考(kao)》等醫(yi)書(shu)記述:花(hua)(hua)生米有(you)(you)“補(bu)脾潤肺(fei)”、“補(bu)中益(yi)氣(qi)”、“開胃(wei)醒脾”的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。還能(neng)(neng)“治(zhi)腳氣(qi)及婦人乳汁(zhi)缺乏”、“鹽水煮食治(zhi)肺(fei)癆,炒(chao)用(yong)(yong)燥火行血(xue)(xue),治(zhi)一(yi)(yi)切腹內冷(leng)積肚痛”。現代醫(yi)學證實花(hua)(hua)生米的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)外衣,能(neng)(neng)抑制纖維(wei)蛋白的(de)(de)(de)溶解,促進(jin)骨髓制造血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板,加強毛細血(xue)(xue)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)收縮(suo)機能(neng)(neng),對各種(zhong)出(chu)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)疾病,不(bu)但有(you)(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)止(zhi)血(xue)(xue)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),且對原發(fa)病有(you)(you)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。用(yong)(yong)花(hua)(hua)生衣制成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)藥“血(xue)(xue)寧片”,對治(zhi)療(liao)出(chu)血(xue)(xue)癥有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)能(neng)(neng)。花(hua)(hua)生油可治(zhi)蛔蟲(chong)性(xing)(xing)腸(chang)(chang)梗阻、腸(chang)(chang)炎。花(hua)(hua)生殼對久(jiu)咳(ke)久(jiu)喘、咳(ke)痰帶血(xue)(xue)等癥,也(ye)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。花(hua)(hua)生葉還可治(zhi)療(liao)神經衰弱、失眠(mian)等癥。