介紹
烏海市(shi)種(zhong)植葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)始于(yu)20世紀60年(nian)代(dai),當時主要引進了無(wu)核白、龍(long)眼等若干品(pin)種(zhong)進行試驗,引種(zhong)成(cheng)功后陸(lu)續(xu)建(jian)立了一(yi)批生產(chan)(chan)園并在庭(ting)院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)步發展。目(mu)前,全(quan)市(shi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)種(zhong)植面積(ji)2100多公頃,引入優良品(pin)種(zhong)100多個。市(shi)委、市(shi)政(zheng)府制(zhi)定了有(you)機葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)生產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設的長遠發展規劃(hua),因(yin)(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜、因(yin)(yin)勢利導,加(jia)大政(zheng)策引導扶持力度(du),大力扶持農業(ye)龍(long)頭(tou)企業(ye)發展,針對溫室(shi)建(jian)設、育苗、生產(chan)(chan)種(zhong)植、釀(niang)酒葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)收(shou)購(gou)價(jia)格、貸款貼息等制(zhi)定了一(yi)系列資金補貼政(zheng)策。確立了2020年(nian)建(jian)成(cheng)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)種(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)10萬畝,建(jian)成(cheng)酒莊(zhuang)(堡)、家庭(ting)酒莊(zhuang)、葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)莊(zhuang)園100家。同(tong)時葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)加(jia)工(gong)業(ye)大力發展,內蒙古漢(han)(han)森(sen)酒業(ye)集團有(you)限公司,致(zhi)力于(yu)打造中(zhong)(zhong)國葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒的民(min)族品(pin)牌。中(zhong)(zhong)國馳名商標漢(han)(han)森(sen)干紅葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒,享譽國內外(wai)。漢(han)(han)森(sen)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)酒多次榮獲國內外(wai)博覽會(hui)金獎,漢(han)(han)森(sen)上榜中(zhong)(zhong)國最具品(pin)牌價(jia)值(zhi)500強。
自然生態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤地貌情況:黃河自寧(ning)夏石咀山市(shi)(shi)入境,縱穿烏海(hai)市(shi)(shi),于鄂(e)托克旗堿柜鄉出(chu)境,把全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)分(fen)成河東(dong)、河西兩(liang)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。其地勢東(dong)、西高中(zhong)間低;南高北(bei)低,形成南北(bei)向槽形地勢。烏海(hai)地區(qu)土(tu)壤大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)為(wei)灰漠土(tu)、棕鈣土(tu),其中(zhong)灰漠土(tu)含(han)有(you)機(ji)質0.8497%,全(quan)(quan)氮(dan)0.0729%,全(quan)(quan)磷(lin)0.0655%,全(quan)(quan)鉀1.90%,堿解氮(dan)49ppm磷(lin)10ppm鉀93ppm土(tu)含(han)有(you)機(ji)質0.9532%,全(quan)(quan)氮(dan)為(wei)0.0438%,全(quan)(quan)磷(lin)0.072%,全(quan)(quan)鉀1.92%,堿解氮(dan)49ppm磷(lin)8ppm鉀149ppm。
2、水文情況(kuang):烏海市河流均屬于黃河水系。黃河是全市農(nong)業用水的主要供水資源。黃河在(zai)(zai)灌水期的水溫在(zai)(zai)14—22℃之間,礦化(hua)度1克(ke)/升。?
3、氣候(hou)情況:烏海市地(di)處大(da)陸深處,是顯著(zhu)的大(da)陸性氣候(hou),日照(zhao)時間(jian)長,太陽輻射強,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da),氣候(hou)干(gan)燥,風沙大(da),年平均氣溫(wen)(wen)9.0—9.2℃,年平均降(jiang)雨量(liang)162.4—168.5毫米(mi),雨量(liang)主要集中在七到八月(yue)。年平均風速(su)3.1—4.7米(mi)/秒(miao);年平均相(xiang)對濕度(du)只(zhi)有(you)43%;年平均日照(zhao)為3047.3—3227.4小時,全年無霜期(qi)156—165天(tian),適合北方(fang)大(da)部分農作物(wu)的生長,特別是對葡萄(tao)的種植(zhi)極(ji)為有(you)利。?
4、人(ren)文歷史情況:烏(wu)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)始于(yu)二十(shi)世(shi)紀六十(shi)年代(dai),當時主(zhu)要引(yin)進(jin)了無核(he)白(bai)、龍(long)眼(yan)、元白(bai)等(deng)(deng)若干品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行試驗,引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功(gong)后陸續建立(li)了一批生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產園并(bing)在庭院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)同步(bu)發(fa)展(zhan)。目前(qian),全市(shi)(shi)(shi)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積2000公(gong)頃,庭院(yuan)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)萬余株,引(yin)入(ru)優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)100多個(ge),已(yi)成(cheng)為內(nei)蒙古自治區(qu)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)(di)。市(shi)(shi)(shi)政府已(yi)將(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業列入(ru)了烏(wu)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)“十(shi)五(wu)”國(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)計劃,制定了無公(gong)害(hai)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)(di)建設的(de)(de)長遠發(fa)展(zhan)規(gui)劃,出臺了多種(zhong)(zhong)優(you)惠(hui)政策,鼓(gu)勵(li)農民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)。近幾年葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)步(bu)伐也大(da)(da)大(da)(da)加快(kuai),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積由(you)最(zui)(zui)初的(de)(de)13.3公(gong)頃發(fa)展(zhan)到現(xian)在的(de)(de)2000公(gong)頃,主(zhu)栽品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)展(zhan)到無核(he)白(bai)、森田尼、巨峰(feng)、馬(ma)奶、龍(long)眼(yan)等(deng)(deng)10多個(ge)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)同時給果農帶來(lai)了可觀的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)效益,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高了他們的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產積極性(xing),葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)(di)初具規(gui)模。在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽培區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong),烏(wu)海地(di)(di)區(qu)屬于(yu)第Ш區(qu)---中(zhong)(zhong)溫區(qu)一個(ge)獨立(li)的(de)(de)栽培區(qu).被國(guo)(guo)內(nei)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)學(xue)專家(jia)譽為“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)很有發(fa)展(zhan)前(qian)途(tu)的(de)(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽培區(qu)”。所產葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)含糖(tang)量高,酸度(du)適(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),色(se)澤鮮艷,香氣濃郁,病蟲害(hai)少,無農藥污染,品(pin)(pin)質極佳,曾(ceng)多次(ci)榮獲國(guo)(guo)家(jia)和自治區(qu)獎。
地域范圍
烏(wu)海市位于內蒙古自(zi)治區(qu)西南部,地處黃(huang)河流域。東(dong)(dong)接鄂(e)爾多斯高原,與鄂(e)托(tuo)克(ke)旗毗鄰;西靠賀(he)蘭山(shan)的余(yu)脈—五虎(hu)山(shan),與阿拉(la)善盟的阿拉(la)善左旗接壤;北起烏(wu)蘭布和沙(sha)漠的東(dong)(dong)南邊緣(yuan),與巴彥淖(nao)爾市的磴口、鄂(e)爾多斯市的鄂(e)托(tuo)克(ke)旗交界;南至寧夏回族自(zi)治區(qu)的銀川平原,與石咀山(shan)市隔河相望。轄(xia)區(qu)共3個建制鎮,3個辦事處。北緯39°15′-39°52′,東(dong)(dong)經106°36′-107°06′。以卓(zhuo)資(zi)山(shan)為(wei)最高,主峰海拔2149.4米,一般山(shan)地海拔1400-1800米。總(zong)生產面積2000公頃,年(nian)總(zong)產量18636噸。
品質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官特征:無核白葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao):果(guo)皮顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)綠黃色(se)(se)(se)(se);紅地球葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao):蠟質厚,果(guo)粉勻,肉硬脆,種(zhong)子(zi)深褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),顆粒(li)內向一側及(ji)各果(guo)粒(li)果(guo)蒂周圍也著色(se)(se)(se)(se)鮮紅;森田尼葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao):淡黃綠色(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)粉完整。?
2、內在(zai)品質指標:無核白(bai)葡萄(tao)采收時(shi)的可溶(rong)(rong)性固形物含(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)到19%以(yi)上(shang),含(han)酸量(liang)在(zai)0.5%左右。紅地球葡萄(tao)采收時(shi)的可溶(rong)(rong)性固形物含(han)量(liang)用折光糖度測定(ding)糖度達(da)(da)18%以(yi)上(shang)。森田(tian)尼葡萄(tao)采收時(shi)的可溶(rong)(rong)性固形物含(han)量(liang)達(da)(da)到17%以(yi)上(shang)。
生產方式
1、產地(di)選擇與特殊內容規定(ding):土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)含鹽量不高(gao)于(yu)0.3%,以沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)、壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)為(wei)宜(yi),pH值(zhi)不大于(yu)8.5,地(di)下水位(wei)高(gao)于(yu)1.0m;對滲漏較重(zhong),持(chi)水率差的礪質土(tu)要(yao)進(jin)行改良。?
2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選擇與特定要求:適(shi)宜品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):無核白(bai)、紅地球、龍眼、玫瑰香(xiang)、巨(ju)峰、森(sen)田尼等。紅葡萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):赤(chi)霞(xia)(xia)珠(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)麗(li)珠(zhu)、蛇龍珠(zhu)、梅鹿輒(美(mei)樂)、西拉等。白(bai)葡萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):霞(xia)(xia)多麗(li)、雷(lei)司(si)令、瓊(qiong)瑤漿(jiang)、長相思等。紅葡萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):赤(chi)霞(xia)(xia)珠(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)麗(li)珠(zhu)、蛇龍珠(zhu)、梅鹿輒(美(mei)樂)、西拉等。白(bai)葡萄(tao)酒(jiu)(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):霞(xia)(xia)多麗(li)、雷(lei)司(si)令、瓊(qiong)瑤漿(jiang)、長相思等。