自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:烏(wu)蘭(lan)察布市地(di)處北(bei)(bei)緯41°~43°之間,是世界公認的莜麥(裸燕(yan)麥)黃金生長緯度帶,轄區(qu)內(nei)(nei)地(di)形自北(bei)(bei)向南有內(nei)(nei)蒙(meng)古高原(yuan)、烏(wu)蘭(lan)察布丘陵(ling)(ling)、陰山山脈、黃土(tu)丘陵(ling)(ling)四部分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成。這里是海拔1000米以上高原(yuan)地(di)區(qu),耕地(di)面(mian)積(ji)1300萬畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)旱(han)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)1000萬畝(mu)左右,占比(bi)70%~80%。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)以栗(li)褐(he)土(tu)、棕(zong)鈣(gai)土(tu)兩大類為(wei)主(zhu)。栗(li)褐(he)土(tu)面(mian)積(ji)最大,主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)境內(nei)(nei)中(zhong)部地(di)區(qu),土(tu)層較厚,含有較多有機質,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥力強,障礙(ai)因素較少,是較好的農業用地(di)。棕(zong)鈣(gai)土(tu)面(mian)積(ji)居次,主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)北(bei)(bei)部地(di)區(qu),為(wei)主(zhu)要牧業基地(di)。
(2)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):烏(wu)蘭察布市地(di)(di)處中(zhong)溫(wen)帶大陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區,屬干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)(han)與半干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)(han)交錯帶,因為有大青(qing)山(shan)橫亙中(zhong)部分割(ge),形成(cheng)了前山(shan)地(di)(di)區比較溫(wen)暖,雨(yu)量(liang)較多(duo),后山(shan)地(di)(di)區是(shi)多(duo)風的特(te)殊氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。主要氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點:氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候冷涼干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥,晝夜溫(wen)差大,年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)2.5℃,無霜期較短為95~145天。光(guang)照充(chong)足,日照時間(jian)每天平均(jun)可(ke)達16小時,農作(zuo)物光(guang)合作(zuo)用旺盛。土地(di)(di)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)(han)少雨(yu),但降雨(yu)集中(zhong)在每年(nian)七、八、九月份(fen),年(nian)降水量(liang)150mm~450mm,雨(yu)熱同期,特(te)別(bie)適宜(yi)生長(chang)期短、耐(nai)瘠、耐(nai)寒、日照長(chang)、耐(nai)旱(han)(han)(han)喜光(guang)、對土壤適應性(xing)強的作(zuo)物,非常(chang)符(fu)合莜麥(mai)生長(chang)的要求,是(shi)莜麥(mai)生長(chang)的最佳自(zi)然環境。而且經(jing)多(duo)年(nian)取樣檢驗當地(di)(di)種植的莜麥(mai)在國內品質最好(hao)。
地域范圍
烏(wu)蘭察(cha)布(bu)系蒙古(gu)族語,意為“紅山口”。位于內蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)中部,地(di)(di)處東經110°26′~114°49′,北緯(wei) 40°10′~43°28′之間,是中國的(de)馬鈴薯之都。莜(you)麥(mai)年均種植總(zong)面(mian)積穩定在(zai)80萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)左右(you),產(chan)(chan)量(liang)約(yue)6200萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin),種植面(mian)積和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)均居全(quan)國地(di)(di)級市之首,有“中國燕麥(mai)之鄉(xiang)(xiang)”美(mei)譽。烏(wu)蘭察(cha)布(bu)市交通(tong)(tong)(tong)便利,境內有110、208國道(dao)、G6、G7、G55、呼(hu)滿省(sheng)際大(da)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)、呼(hu)興運(yun)煤專線(xian)和(he)(he)準(zhun)興重(zhong)載(zai)高速(su);京包、集(ji)二、集(ji)張、集(ji)通(tong)(tong)(tong)、豐準(zhun)等(deng)鐵(tie)路(lu)線(xian)縱橫交錯(cuo);通(tong)(tong)(tong)往(wang)法蘭克福的(de)國際貨運(yun)列車(che)“如意”號始(shi)發集(ji)寧,是通(tong)(tong)(tong)往(wang)蒙古(gu)、俄羅斯和(he)(he)歐盟的(de)重(zhong)要國際陸路(lu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao);集(ji)呼(hu)包動車(che)已經開通(tong)(tong)(tong),京呼(hu)高鐵(tie)正在(zai)建設之中,烏(wu)蘭察(cha)布(bu)支線(xian)機場已經通(tong)(tong)(tong)航。四通(tong)(tong)(tong)八(ba)達的(de)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)給烏(wu)蘭察(cha)布(bu)莜(you)麥(mai)外銷運(yun)輸(shu)帶來了(le)極大(da)的(de)便利,產(chan)(chan)品遠銷國內外各大(da)城市和(he)(he)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。全(quan)市共轄11個(ge)旗縣(xian)市區(qu)(qu),92個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮蘇木。烏(wu)蘭察(cha)布(bu)莜(you)麥(mai)保護地(di)(di)域分布(bu)在(zai)11個(ge)旗縣(xian)市區(qu)(qu)、50個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮蘇木范圍內,保護面(mian)積100萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),保護規模為年產(chan)(chan)量(liang)12.5萬(wan)(wan)噸。
產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外(wai)在感官特(te)征(zheng):外(wai)觀完整,大小(xiao)均(jun)勻,堅實飽(bao)滿,富有(you)光澤,品質優良。
(2)內(nei)在(zai)品(pin)質指標:烏(wu)蘭察布莜麥主要營養物質含(han)量(liang)參考(kao)范圍值:每100g產(chan)品(pin)含(han)蛋白質10.06~17.60%,脂肪5%~10%,維生素B10.1~0.8mg,維生素B20.05~0.21mg, 維生素E0.50~0.82mg,鈣50~110mg, 磷200~300mg, 鎂(mei)60~90mg,鐵5.0~11.0mg,鋅10~30mg。