一.產品介紹
梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河農場(chang)(chang)是(shi)三(san)(san)面(mian)環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)沼(zhao)澤地(di),耕地(di)絕(jue)大(da)(da)部分的(de)(de)(de)草(cao)碳土(tu)是(shi)理想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壤(rang)。農場(chang)(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)經歷(li)了(le)三(san)(san)個階(jie)段(duan)。第(di)一階(jie)段(duan):上(shang)(shang)世紀(ji)(ji)20年代(dai)初(chu),朝(chao)鮮(xian)族移(yi)民因發(fa)現本地(di)土(tu)質肥沃,地(di)勢平坦(tan),適于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),便開(kai)始小規(gui)模種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。抗戰(zhan)前期日本開(kai)拓團又在此種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),在朝(chao)鮮(xian)人開(kai)荒的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang),興(xing)修水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利,擴大(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積,并成(cheng)立水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)公司。第(di)二階(jie)段(duan):上(shang)(shang)世紀(ji)(ji)50年代(dai)農場(chang)(chang)建場(chang)(chang)后開(kai)始大(da)(da)規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),并且培(pei)育出(chu)了(le)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)梧(wu)農七一,合江(jiang)19,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)逐(zhu)步形成(cheng)規(gui)模化(hua)、規(gui)范化(hua)。由于(yu)得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)條件,梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)米以口味(wei)芳香名貫(guan)三(san)(san)江(jiang),梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河被譽為三(san)(san)江(jiang)平原的(de)(de)(de)“魚米之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。第(di)三(san)(san)階(jie)段(duan):上(shang)(shang)世紀(ji)(ji)90年代(dai)中(zhong)期農場(chang)(chang)實行水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)開(kai)發(fa),擴大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積,大(da)(da)力推廣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)寒地(di)栽培(pei)技(ji)術,使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)由建場(chang)(chang)初(chu)期的(de)(de)(de)100斤/畝達(da)到1280斤/畝,經濟效益(yi)顯著提(ti)高。進入21世紀(ji)(ji),梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河農場(chang)(chang)與時俱進,結合自(zi)身優勢,率先提(ti)出(chu)“引自(zi)然(ran)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、施農家肥、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有機(ji)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、產(chan)(chan)優質米”的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)思路,力爭把梧(wu)桐(tong)(tong)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)業做大(da)(da)、做強、做實。
二.自(zi)然生態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況:梧(wu)桐河農(nong)場(chang)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)可分五大類:草甸土(tu)(tu)1.6公萬頃,沼澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)1000多(duo)公頃,棕壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)5000多(duo)公頃,水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)3000多(duo)公頃,白漿(jiang)土(tu)(tu)近10000公頃。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值在6.0-6.5之間。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)力狀1況中等。有機質含量3.5-4.0%之間。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:梧桐河(he)農(nong)場境內主要有(you)梧桐河(he)、松(song)花江、嘟嚕河(he)、鶴立(li)河(he)。還有(you)小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)庫1座。梧桐河(he)水(shui)(shui)發源于小(xiao)興安嶺南麓,流經梧桐河(he)農(nong)場13.5公里(li),全年流量8.3億(yi)立(li)方米,沿途(tu)無污染,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈、純凈、水(shui)(shui)溫高,是理(li)想的(de)農(nong)業生產用水(shui)(shui)。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:梧桐河農場四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明,屬(shu)于(yu)亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)。春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)旱多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)(yu),日(ri)照(zhao)充(chong)(chong)足,晝夜溫(wen)差大;冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷(leng)多(duo)(duo)雪,氣(qi)候(hou)干(gan)(gan)燥。氣(qi)候(hou)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)積(ji)溫(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2520℃,無霜(shuang)(shuang)期111天(tian)至142天(tian),80%保證率在(zai)(zai)(zai)120天(tian)至130天(tian),最高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)35.6℃,最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)-41.2℃。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)554毫米左右(you),集(ji)中(zhong)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)一般在(zai)(zai)(zai)夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)6-8月,約占全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)的(de)60%,從降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)來看,有明顯的(de)干(gan)(gan)季(ji)(ji)(ji)與濕(shi)季(ji)(ji)(ji)之分,是(shi)明顯的(de)大陸性氣(qi)候(hou)的(de)主(zhu)要特征之一。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數2500小(xiao)時,太陽輻射年(nian)(nian)總量(liang)136.7kcal/平(ping)方(fang)厘米.全年(nian)(nian)盛行西(xi)北風(feng)和(he)南風(feng),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)風(feng)速為4.3m/s.初霜(shuang)(shuang)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)10月中(zhong)旬,終霜(shuang)(shuang)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)4月上旬,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)無霜(shuang)(shuang)期132天(tian)。梧桐河農場作物生(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)(ji)(ji)節日(ri)照(zhao)充(chong)(chong)沛(pei),雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)適中(zhong),熱量(liang)條(tiao)件可滿足水稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)長。
三.地域范圍
梧(wu)桐河大米(mi)產(chan)(chan)于(yu)黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)梧(wu)桐河農場(chang)。梧(wu)桐河農場(chang)位于(yu)黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)東部(bu),地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標130°31′~131°59′,北(bei)緯47°12′~47°20′,東西(xi)長32公(gong)(gong)里(li),南北(bei)長12公(gong)(gong)里(li)。農場(chang)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)的總(zong)趨勢是自(zi)西(xi)向東傾斜,崗(gang)坡地(di)(di)(di)占10%,漫崗(gang)地(di)(di)(di)占15%。農場(chang)為沉降的三(san)江(jiang)平(ping)原,海拔70~75m,地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)坡角1/5000,地(di)(di)(di)勢低平(ping)。低洼處(chu)常(chang)年(nian)積水(shui)(shui)形(xing)成(cheng)濕地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤地(di)(di)(di)。場(chang)址東至(zhi)嘟(du)嚕河,與(yu)普陽(yang)農場(chang)接壤,南至(zhi)松(song)花江(jiang)北(bei)岸,西(xi)與(yu)新華農場(chang)毗鄰,土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積32067公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其中(zhong)耕地(di)(di)(di)12327公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),林地(di)(di)(di)1122公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),牧地(di)(di)(di)草原1978公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),水(shui)(shui)面(mian)3928公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。水(shui)(shui)稻生產(chan)(chan)面(mian)積10400公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)8萬(wan)余噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):梧(wu)桐河大米顆粒飽(bao)滿,晶瑩透亮,表皮黃色(se),脫皮后呈白色(se),質地松軟,口感適(shi)宜。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao):梧桐河大米(mi)含(han)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、糖類、鈣、磷、鐵(tie)、葡(pu)萄糖、果糖、維生(sheng)素B1、維生(sheng)素B2等,其中:直鏈淀(dian)粉大于(yu)15%,膠稠(chou)度(du)大于(yu)66mm,蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)≥6,食味品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)大于(yu)80。
3、安全要求:梧(wu)桐河大米(mi)嚴格執行《無公害食品大米(mi)》(NY5115-2008)標準(zhun)。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
1、產地選擇:梧(wu)桐河(he)大米產地環(huan)境質量必須符合NY 5116-2002的(de)要(yao)求。 2、品(pin)(pin)種選擇:梧(wu)桐河(he)大米選用(yong)經審訂推廣的(de),生育期適(shi)宜的(de),抗逆性(xing)強的(de)高產品(pin)(pin)種,主要(yao)選用(yong)空育131品(pin)(pin)種。
3、生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)管(guan)理:梧桐(tong)河大米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)必須嚴格(ge)按照《梧桐(tong)河大米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)產操作規(gui)則》操作。生(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)中農藥使(shi)用要符(fu)合GB/T8321農藥合理使(shi)用標(biao)準,GB 4285農藥安全(quan)使(shi)用規(gui)定(ding)標(biao)準。
4、產品收獲(huo)(huo)及產后處理:梧(wu)桐河(he)大米人工(gong)和(he)機(ji)(ji)械收獲(huo)(huo)在穗黃、葉落時,成熟(shu)度達到85%-90%時進(jin)(jin)行(xing);要(yao)(yao)求不同品種單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)收割(ge)、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)運(yun)輸、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)脫(tuo)粒(li)(li)、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)貯藏、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)加工(gong)、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)包(bao)裝,防止與普通大米混雜(za)。收割(ge)時,割(ge)茬要(yao)(yao)低,一般距(ju)地(di)面5cm-5cm,損失(shi)率小于(yu)1%.割(ge)后曬5-7d,要(yao)(yao)及時打場脫(tuo)粒(li)(li)。脫(tuo)粒(li)(li)后,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)揚場或機(ji)(ji)械清選。要(yao)(yao)求統一分(fen)級(ji)過篩,清除(chu)雜(za)質和(he)癟稻(dao),達到粒(li)(li)度均一,破(po)碎(sui)率小于(yu)2%,雜(za)質小于(yu)1%,蟲蝕率小于(yu)1%。清選后籽粒(li)(li)晾曬數日,以(yi)隆(long)低含(han)水(shui)量,含(han)水(shui)量小于(yu)12.5%。
5、生產(chan)記錄要(yao)求,梧(wu)桐河(he)大米(mi)生產(chan)的(de)全過程(cheng),要(yao)建立田(tian)間生產(chan)檔,全面記載并妥善(shan)保存,以(yi)備(bei)查(cha)閱(yue)。
六.包裝標識相關規(gui)定
梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)大(da)(da)米生(sheng)產(chan)加(jia)工企業(ye),在產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)包裝上使(shi)用(yong)已獲登(deng)記的(de)(de)梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)大(da)(da)米標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向登(deng)記證(zheng)書持有(you)人(ren)提出(chu)申請,并(bing)能夠嚴格(ge)按照規(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)質量技術規(gui)(gui)范組織開展(zhan)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)活動。同(tong)時(shi),生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)大(da)(da)米要產(chan)自登(deng)記確定的(de)(de)地(di)域范圍,并(bing)且經(jing)營(ying)(ying)者具有(you)梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)大(da)(da)米市場開發經(jing)營(ying)(ying)能力(li)。使(shi)用(yong)梧(wu)桐河(he)(he)大(da)(da)米地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),應當按照生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)(ying)年度(du)與(yu)登(deng)記證(zheng)書持有(you)人(ren)簽訂農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)協議,在協議中載明使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)數量、范圍及相關的(de)(de)責任義務。加(jia)貼(tie)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)要統一采用(yong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱和農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識相結合(he)的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)方(fang)法(fa)。建立包裝標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)印刷審(shen)核備案(an)制(zhi)度(du)和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)管理(li)制(zhi)度(du),加(jia)強(qiang)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)監督檢查,嚴厲查處仿造、冒用(yong)、超范圍使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)等違法(fa)違規(gui)(gui)行(xing)為,建立健全標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)監管長(chang)效機制(zhi)。